Artroplastias para fractura proximal de fémur en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Experiencia Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá 2002- 2009

Al ser la fractura de cadera o fémur proximal una de las patologías ortopédicas más frecuentes en mayores de 60 años y por lo tanto una de las principales causas de consulta en el departamento de urgencias, se hace necesario revisar los resultados obtenidos en pacientes mayores de 60 años con fractura de fémur proximal sometidos a artroplastias y que acudieron al Hospital Militar Central de Enero del 2002 a Abril del 2009, siendo éste el objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo. Se realizará un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, por medio de la revisión de historias clínicas de los pacientes que cumplan los criterios de inclusión. Entre éstos están: ser mayores de 60 años y contar con datos completos en los archivos médicos. Los resultados postoperatorios serán medidos en términos de funcionalidad a través de la evaluación de la marcha, índice de mortalidad, complicaciones. Además se realizará una descripción de las características sociodemográficas de la población estudiada y del tipo de fractura más frecuente en la població

Prototipo de aplicación para la simulación modular de procesos

El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado ha sido desarrollar un prototipo de aplicación web para la resolución de problemas del campo de la ingeniería de una forma visual e intuitiva, acoplando el diagrama del problema con sus ecuaciones. Aunque aún necesita la implementación de muchas características para ser realmente útil, la aplicación ya es capaz de resolver numerosos tipos de problemas. En la presente memoria se analiza la aplicación tanto desde un punto de vista del programador, explicando el código y las librerías utilizadas, como desde el punto de vista del usuario, para que cualquier ingeniero o estudiante de ingeniería pueda utilizar la aplicación para resolver problemas.The goal of this project has been to develop a prototype web application for solving problems in the engineering field in a visual and intuitive way, coupling the diagram of the problem with its equations. Although it still needs the implementation of many features to be really useful, the application is already capable of solving numerous types of problems. This report analyzes the application both from a programmer’s point of view, explaining the code and libraries used, and from the user’s point of view, so that any engineer or engineering student can use the application to solve problems.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de las Tecnologías Industriale

Guía metodológica para la prestación del servicio de alumbrado público

Ingeniería EléctricaEl presente documento es una guía diseñada para ser usada por las entidades territoriales y agentes interesados en la prestación del servicio de alumbrado público con el objeto de efectuar cada una de las actividades bajo los lineamientos que la reglamentación nacional vigente demanda. En ella se describe el proceso metodológico a través de una serie de fases, desde planeación, organización, ejecución y control de la prestación del servicio de alumbrado público. En la actualidad el estado colombiano establece los mecanismos administrativos que conllevan a que los recursos públicos sean invertidos de forma cada vez más efectiva. En este sentido y ante la evolución tecnológica y globalización de mercados, se requiere de conocimiento especializado apto para la ejecución de las actividades referidas a la contratación pública Sin embargo, el desarrollo no se da en la misma medida en todos lados, lo que pone en desventaja a la gran mayoría de municipios en Colombia, por lo que a la hora de prestar el servicio de alumbrado público en muchos casos se evidencia precisamente esa falta de conocimiento. Es por eso que poner a disposición al público en general, de guías metodológicas de áreas específicas ayuda a que la brecha de desigualdad se cierre y que la posición dominante de aquellos que poseen el conocimiento también sea cada vez menor.This document is a guide designed to be used by local authorities and stakeholders in the provision of public lighting in order to perform each of the activities under the guidelines demand compliance with local laws. It describes the methodological process through a series of phases, from planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring the provision of public lighting. Today the Colombian state establishes the administrative mechanisms that lead to that public resources are invested in an increasingly effective. In this sense and to the technological evolution and globalization of markets requires specialized knowledge suitable for the implementation of activities relating to procurement However, the development does not occur to the same extent everywhere, which is a disadvantage for the vast majority of municipalities in Colombia, so that at the time of providing the public lighting in many cases there is precisely this lack of knowledge. That's why we make available to the general public, methodological guides specific areas helps the inequality gap is closing and that the dominant position of those who possess knowledge is also shrinkin

The use of methylprednisolone versus diclofenac in the treatment of inflammation and trismus after surgical removal of lower third molars

Objective: To compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone (corticoid)versus diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory -NSAID-) in the treatment of inflammation and trismus after the surgical removal of lower third molars. Study design: Prospective study on 73 patients for the surgical removal of their lower third molars. These patients were separated in two groups at ramdom: the diclofenac group and the methylprednisolone group. A record card was filled in with preoperative and postoperative epidemiological and clinic data about inflammation and trismus (three facial measures and mouth opening). In order to make a broad study of data, BMDP program was used for statistics. Results: 24 hours after surgery, patients in the diclofenac group showed a more severe inflammation in one of the facial measurements (p<0.05). Trismus was very similar in both groups. Conclusions: There were no differences in trismus depending on the antiinflammatory used. Patients in the corticoid group showed less inflammation but the difference was not as important as to justify their use

Eficacia analgésica de diclofenaco versus metilprednisolona en el control del dolor postoperatorio tras la cirugía del tercer molar inferior

Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia analgésica de la metilprednisolona (corticoide) versus diclofenaco (antiinflamatorio no esteroideo-AINE-) tras la cirugía del tercer molar inferior. Diseño del estudio: Estudio prospectivo sobre 73 pacientes sometidos a la extracción quirúrgica de los terceros molares inferiores. Fueron divididos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: De diclofenaco y de metilprednisolona. Se cumplimentó una ficha donde se hizo constar los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos preoperatorios y postoperatorios. La valoración del dolor se hizo mediante escala visual analógica y semicuantitativa y número de analgésicos de rescate consumidos. El control del dolor se hizo en la primera hora, a las 8 horas, 24 horas, 48 y 72 horas. Se usó el programa estadístico BMDP para hacer un amplio tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: En el dolor reflejado por los pacientes en la escala visual analógica no hubo diferencias de conjunto entre los dos grupos (aunque sí las hubo en ciertos momentos). Tampoco hubo diferencias en el número de analgésicos de rescate consumidos. Conclusiones. La reducción del dolor que se consigue con el corticoide no es significativa por lo que no está justificado su uso rutinario.Objetive: To compare the analgesic efficacy of methylprednisolone (corticoid) versus diclofenac (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory- NSAID-) after surgical removal of lower third molars. Study Design: Prospective study on 73 patients for the surgical removal of their lower third molars. These patients were separated in two groups at random: a diclofenac group and a methylprednisolone group. A record card was filled in with preoperative and postoperative epidemiological and clinic data. The pain level assessment was made on a semiquantitative and an analogical visual scales and in relation to the amount of rescue analgesics consumed. Pain levels were measured at 1, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours. In order to make a broad study of data, BMDP program was used for statistics. Results: In the pain described by patients in the analogical visual scale there were no differences between groups as a whole. There were no differences in the amount of rescue analgesics consumed. Conclusions. There is less pain in the corticoid group but not as to justify its routine use

Variations of interleukin-6 after surgical removal of lower third molars

Objectives: To determine if there is a release of IL-6 after surgical removal of lower third molars and to compare the amount of IL-6 in patients treated with NSAID and in those treated with glucocorticoids. Study Design: Prospective study on 73 patients who attended the Oral Surgery Unit (Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery) in the Faculty of Odontology of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid for the surgical removal of their lower third molars. These patients were separated into two groups: the diclofenac group and the methylprednisolone group. A record card was completed with preoperative and postoperative epidemiological and clinic data. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected in order to assess the release of interleukin-6 after surgery. In order to make a broad study of data, the BMDP program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Levels of IL-6 were higher after surgical extraction of lower third molars and remained high until the seventh day after. Levels were higher in the diclofenac group 24 hours after surgery, the difference was significant (0.008). Conclusions: IL-6 is higher after surgical extraction of lower third molars, behaving differently in each of the groups

Uso de metilprednisolona versus diclofenaco en el control de la inflamación y el trismo tras la cirugía del tercer molar inferior

Objetivo: Comparar el efecto sobre la inflamación y el trismo de la metilprednisolona (corticoide) versus diclofenaco (antiinflamatorio no esteroideo-AINE-) tras la cirugía del tercer molar inferior. Diseño del estudio: Estudio prospectivo sobre 73 pacientes sometidos a la extracción quirúrgica de los terceros molares inferiores. Fueron divididos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: De diclofenaco y de metilprednisolona. Se cumplimentó una ficha donde se hizo constar los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos preoperatorios y postoperatorios en relación a la inflamación y el trismo (tres medidas faciales y apertura bucal). Se usó el programa estadístico BMDP para hacer un amplio tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: A las 24 horas el grupo tratado con diclofenaco presentaba mayor inflamación en una de las medidas faciales (p<0.05), no así en las otras dos medidas. El trismo se comportó de forma similar en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: No se encontraron diferencias en el trismo según el antiinflamatorio usado y aunque la inflamación fue algo menor en el grupo de experimentación tratado con corticoides la diferencia no fue tan significativa como para justificar su uso.Objective: To compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone (corticoid)versus diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory -NSAID-) in the treatment of inflammation and trismus after the surgical removal of lower third molars. Study design: Prospective study on 73 patients for the surgical removal of their lower third molars. These patients were separated in two groups at ramdom: the diclofenac group and the methylprednisolone group. A record card was filled in with preoperative and postoperative epidemiological and clinic data about inflammation and trismus (three facial measures and mouth opening). In order to make a broad study of data, BMDP program was used for statistics. Results: 24 hours after surgery, patients in the diclofenac group showed a more severe inflammation in one of the facial measurements (p<0.05). Trismus was very similar in both groups. Conclusions: There were no differences in trismus depending on the antiinflammatory used. Patients in the corticoid group showed less inflammation but the difference was not as important as to justify their use

Social demand in ambulatory oral surgery. Experience in the Master of Oral Surgery of Madrid Complutense University (Spain)

Objectives. An evaluation is made of the surgical activity in the context of the Master of Oral Surgery (Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain), together with an analysis of social demand in ambulatory oral surgery. Study design. A descriptive statistical analysis (frequency and contingency tables) is made of the different parameters relating to the activity carried out in this postgraduate master during two academic years. Results. A total of 6750 interventions were carried out in 5877 patients. Females predominated over males (62% versus 38%), and 59.2% of the subjects were in the 21-40 years age range. The most common procedure was tooth extraction (91%); of these, 83.5% corresponded to molars. Other extractions accounted for 5.5%, while impacted canines represented 1.2% of the interventions, cyst removal 1.2%, and periapical surgery 0.5%. Conclusions. Our results show third molar extraction to be the most commonly demanded intervention in ambulatory oral surgery

Clinical and radiological course in apicoectomies with the Erbium : YAG LASER

Objective. A study is made of the efficacy of the Erbium:YAG laser in granulomatous periapical lesions, based on clinical and radiographic controls. Material and methods. The study comprised a series of 45 patients amenable to periapical surgical treatment of incisors, canines and premolars. A conventional surgical technique was used, with silver amalgam retrograde filling and irradiation of the bone defect and remnant root cement with the Erbium:YAG laser. Clinical and radiographic controls were made during 24 months, assessing the absence of symptoms and the presence of pain, swelling or fistula and ossification of the lesions, respectively. Results. The clinical course proved asymptomatic in 95.5% of the cases. As regards remodeling of the bone cavity, 77.7% had completed ossification after 24 months, 13.3% were in an advanced stage of ossification and 4.5% in an intermediate stage, while 4.5% showed treatment failure. Conclusions. The combination of silver amalgam and irradiation with the Erbium:YAG laser in periapical surgery showed a very high clinical success rate, with a 77.7% bone cavity remodeling rate after 24 months

Influence of smoking upon the postoperative course of lower third molar surgery

Objectives: To determine whether smoking influences the postoperative course (pain and trismus) of lower third molar surgery, with a clinical evaluation of surgical wound condition and analysis of the possible differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Design: The study subjects were randomly distributed into two groups (smokers and nonsmokers) and subjected to lower third molar extraction in the Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Madrid Complutense University, Spain). The study variables were trismus after 7 days, the intensity of pain and the need for rescue medication during a period of one week. The surgical wound was also assessed (color, presence of plaque, etc.). Results: Two cases of postoperative infection were documented among the smokers, and postoperative trismus was found to be greater among the latter (p=0.05). Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of pain, though trismus was greater among the smokers. Smoking did not influence wound condition (color, marginal inflammation, appositioning of the margins, ulceration, etc.)