The Plasma Capacitor in a Magnetic Field

Impedance computations for parallel plate and coaxial cylinder plasma capacitors in magnetic fiel

Variation In Gold Content Of Minerals Of The Marysville Quartz Diorite Stock, Montana

Neutron activation analysis for gold has been carried out on 135 mineral samples from throughout the Marysville stock with the following results: (1) the gold content of 44 biotite ranges from 0·002 to 0·924 ppm with an average of 0·076 ppm; (2) 37 hornblende samples gave a range of 0·003-0·823 ppm and an average of 0·100 ppm; (3) for 44 magnetite samples the range was 0·003-0·329 ppm and the average 0·037 ppm; (4) 10 quartz-feldspar samples varied from 0·006 to 0·176 ppm with an average of 0·065 ppm. High gold values mainly occur near the edge of the stock and the lowest values in the center of the stock. The highest values are found near the old gold mines located along the periphery of the stock. Because it could not form bonds in crystallizing minerals, the gold was concentrated in the residual fluids of the Marysville magma and was finally deposited in quartz veins at the edge of the stock. The gold in the minerals is probably entrapped as uncharged gold atoms. The amount of gold in a given mineral was determined by the structure of the mineral and the concentration of gold in the magma at the time of crystallization of that mineral. © 1967

Design principles for mobile learning

The New technologies, new pedagogies project used a designbased research approach in the creation and evaluation of pedagogies and their use in a range of higher education classes. This chapter describes the findings of the project as a whole, and presents principles to inform the design of innovative learning environments employing mobile technologies in higher education learning environments

Notch1 and Jagged1 are expressed after CNS demyelination, but are not a major rate-determining factor during remyelination

The reasons for the eventual failure of repair mechanisms in multiple sclerosis are unknown. The presence of precursor and immature oligodendrocytes in some non-repairing lesions suggests a mechanism in which these cells either receive insufficient differentiation signals or are exposed to differentiation inhibitors. Jagged signalling via Notch receptors on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) inhibits their differentiation during development and the finding that both notch and jagged are expressed in multiple sclerosis lesions has fostered the view that this signalling pathway may explain remyelination failure. In this study, we show that Notch1 is expressed on adult OPCs and that there are multiple cellular sources of its ligand Jagged1 in a rodent model of remyelination. However, despite their expression, the lesions undergo complete remyelination. To establish whether Notch-jagged signalling regulates the rate of remyelination we compared their expression profiles in young animals with those in older animals, where remyelination occurs more slowly, but could find no correlation between expression and remyelination rate. Finally we found that OPC-targeted Notch1 ablation in cuprizone-treated Plp-creER Notch1lox/lox transgenic mice yielded no significant differences in remyelination parameters between knock-out and control mice. Thus, in contrast to developmental myelination, adult expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 neither prevents nor plays a major rate-determining role in remyelination. More generally, the re-expression of developmentally expressed genes following injury in the adult does not per se imply similar functio

Designing an information system for updating land records in Bangladesh: action design ethnographic research (ADER)

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Information Systems (IS) has developed through adapting, generating and applying diverse methodologies, methods, and techniques from reference disciplines. Further, Action Design Research (ADR) has recently developed as a broad research method that focuses on designing and redesigning IT and IS in organizational contexts. This paper reflects on applying ADR in a complex organizational context in a developing country. It shows that ADR requires additional lens for designing IS in such a complex organizational context. Through conducting ADR, it is seen that an ethnographic framework has potential complementarities for understanding complex contexts thereby enhancing the ADR processes. This paper argues that conducting ADR with an ethnographic approach enhances design of IS and organizational contexts. Finally, this paper aims presents a broader methodological framework, Action Design Ethnographic Research (ADER), for designing artefacts as well as IS. This is illustrated through the case of a land records updating service in Bangladesh

Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for infiltrating host cells, rendering it a key candidate for drug development. By interacting with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike initiates the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Linoleate is known to bind the spike glycoprotein, subsequently reducing its interaction with ACE2. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the protein-ligand interaction remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the pathways of ligand dissociation and the conformational changes associated with the spike glycoprotein by using ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD). Our simulations resulted in eight complete ligand dissociation trajectories, unveiling two distinct ligand unbinding pathways. The preference between these two pathways depends on the gate distance between two α-helices in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the position of the N-linked glycan at N343. Our study also highlights the essential contributions of K417, N121 glycan, and N165 glycan in ligand unbinding, which are equally crucial in enhancing spike-ACE2 binding. We suggest that the presence of the ligand influences the motions of these residues and glycans, consequently reducing accessibility for spike-ACE2 binding. These findings enhance our understanding of ligand dissociation from the spike glycoprotein and offer significant implications for drug design strategies in the battle against COVID-19

A Notch/STAT3-driven Blimp-1/c-Maf-dependent molecular switch induces IL-10 expression in human CD4(+) T cells and is defective in Crohn's disease patients

Immunosuppressive Interleukin (IL)-10 production by pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cells is a central self-regulatory function to limit aberrant inflammation. Still, the molecular mediators controlling IL-10 expression in human CD4(+) T cells are largely undefined. Here, we identify a Notch/STAT3 signaling-module as a universal molecular switch to induce IL-10 expression across human naïve and major effector CD4(+) T cell subsets. IL-10 induction was transient, jointly controlled by the transcription factors Blimp-1/c-Maf and accompanied by upregulation of several co-inhibitory receptors, including LAG-3, CD49b, PD-1, TIM-3 and TIGIT. Consistent with a protective role of IL-10 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), effector CD4(+) T cells from Crohn's disease patients were defective in Notch/STAT3-induced IL-10 production and skewed towards an inflammatory Th1/17 cell phenotype. Collectively, our data identify a Notch/STAT3-Blimp-1/c-Maf axis as a common anti-inflammatory pathway in human CD4(+) T cells, which is defective in IBD and thus may represent an attractive therapeutic target