Preschool education in Russia: history of the formation of the profession

В статье речь идет о становлении профессиональной группы педагогов-дошкольников. Показана негативная динамика социального статуса данной профессии от относительно высокого и стабильного социального положения в советский период до размытого и неопределенного в современной ситуации. Показана ключевая роль государства в формировании этой профессии.The paper centers on the formation of the occupational group of preschool educators. The negative tendency of the lowering of the social standing of this occupational group is shown, starting from a relatively high and stable social standing in the Soviet period to a contemporary inconsistent and indefinite social standing. A key role of the state is in the focus.Грант РГНФ N 12-03-00490 "Актуальная динамика социального и профессионального статуса педагогических работников дошкольного образования

North-south asymmetry of geomagnetic and tropospheric events

The influences of the solar plasma on geomagnetic and atmospheric phenomena are considered. There are the north-south asymmetry in the reaction of the geomagnetic field, of the geopotential and of the pressure in the magnetically conjugate points relative to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. There are the synchronism between direction of the meridinal component of wind at the level of the tropopause and the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. © 1974

Preschool education in the reforms

This project contributes to a novel historical and contemporary understanding of the professionalisation of Russian preschool educators in the context of their relationship with the state and consumers of their services. The data comes from a quantitative survey (N — 779 respondents) in Moscow, Samara and Syktyvkar. The state proclaims the politics of professionalisation from above of the researched occupational group. However, these state reforms have not been efficient so far. The professional community is discontented with the decreased autonomy and discretion.Исследование направлено на изучение социального и профессионального статуса педагогических работников дошкольного образования в контексте их взаимоотношений с государством и потребителями образовательных услуг. Количественные данные собраны в ходе опроса (779 анкета) в Москве, Самаре и Сыктывкаре. Результаты свидетельствуют, что текущая реформа дошкольного образования ориентирована на повышение профессионализма воспитателей, но пока не принесла ожидаемых результатов. Само профессиональное сообщество осталось недовольным сокращением самостоятельности в их непосредственной работе

Jogo ciberrealidade como um implemento de impacto de conflito sobre a segurança nacional da Federação Russa

The research objective is the identification of the negative image of the Russian state in computer games of the western developers. The characteristics and tendencies are given in the development of virtual game space from the first person (shooters) where the image of the enemy of the Russian origin is created. Virtual game communications are considered as a special form of social interaction on the Internet where technologies of political convictions and increase in level of hostility of rather specially chosen object are approved.The research has cross-disciplinary character. When studying virtual game network space authors used structurally functional and sociocultural approach.Computer games can serve as platform for the information wars, first of all, directed against the Russian youth.Destructive communicative strategy is used in the computer games devoted to World War II where the role and value of participation of the Soviet Union in a victory over fascist Germany is leveled. It is reached in fictional images of Russia in virtual reality which do not relies on objective reality of historical process and carries a negative connotation.Computer games are time the tool which can put motives of political and ideological hatred, xenophobia or hostility concerning any social group or the country.El objetivo de la investigación es la identificación de la imagen negativa del estado ruso en los juegos de computadora de los desarrolladores occidentales. Se dan las características y tendencias en el desarrollo del espacio de juego virtual de la primera persona (tiradores) donde se crea la imagen del enemigo del origen ruso. Las comunicaciones de juegos virtuales se consideran como una forma especial de interacción social en Internet donde se aprueban las tecnologías de convicciones políticas y el aumento en el nivel de hostilidad, especialmente, del objeto elegido. La investigación tiene carácter interdisciplinario. Al estudiar el espacio virtual de red de juegos, los autores utilizaron un enfoque estructuralmente funcional y sociocultural. Los juegos de computadora pueden servir como plataforma para las guerras de información, en primer lugar, dirigidas contra la juventud rusa. La estrategia destructiva de comunicación se usa en los juegos de computadora dedicados a la Segunda Guerra Mundial donde se nivela el papel y el valor de la participación de la Unión Soviética en una victoria sobre la Alemania fascista. Se alcanza en imágenes ficticias de Rusia en la realidad virtual que no se basa en la realidad objetiva del proceso histórico y conlleva una connotación negativa. Los juegos de computadora son la herramienta del tiempo que puede poner motivos de odio político e ideológico, xenofobia u hostilidad con respecto a cualquier grupo social o país. Objetivo de pesquisa é a identificação em jogos de computador dos desenvolvedores ocidentais de projetar a imagem negativa do estado russo. A característica é dada a características e tendências de desenvolvimento do espaço de jogo virtual da primeira pessoa (atiradores) onde a imagem do inimigo da origem russa é criada. As comunicações de jogos virtuais são consideradas como uma forma especial de interação social na Internet, onde tecnologias de convicções políticas e aumento no nível de hostilidade de objetos especialmente escolhidos são aprovadas.A pesquisa tem caráter interdisciplinar. Ao estudar o espaço da rede de jogos virtuais, os autores usaram uma abordagem estruturalmente funcional e sociocultural.Os jogos de computador podem servir de plataforma para as guerras informativas, antes de tudo dirigidas contra os jovens russos.A estratégia comunicativa destrutiva é usada nos jogos de computador dedicados à Segunda Guerra Mundial, onde o papel e o valor da participação da União Soviética na vitória sobre a Alemanha fascista são nivelados. Ele é alcançado em imagens fictícias da Rússia em realidade virtual que não se baseia na realidade objetiva do processo histórico e carrega uma conotação negativa.Os jogos de computador são o momento da ferramenta que pode colocar motivos de ódio político, ideológico, xenofobia ou hostilidade em relação a qualquer grupo social ou ao país

Investigation of rice husk derived activated carbon for removal of nitrate contamination from water

Development of porous carbons with high specific surface area (>1200mg−1) targeted at nitrate removal from aqueous solutions is investigated by chemical activation of carbonized rice husk. Potassium carbonate is used as activating and desilicating agent. The effect of post-synthetic treatment by gas phase ammoxidation with ozone/ammonia or oxidation with concentrated nitric acid followed by nitrification with urea on main physicochemical properties and on the effectiveness of the activated carbons in nitrate removal is compared with those determined for a pristine activated carbonized rice husk sample. The two-fold enhancement of nitrate removal by the urea-modified activated carbon in comparison with pristine and ammoxidated sample is in direct correlation with the development of surface basic groups

НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫЙ КАПИЛЛЯРНЫЙ ВИСКОЗИМЕТР ДЛЯ КРОВИ

The work is devoted to the development of the theoretical foundations of the processing of measurement results and the algorithm for processing the results for automating measurements for a non-stationary capillary viscometer. The proposed algorithm allows achieving measurement performance and obtaining hemorheological data for diagnostic purposes with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. The results obtained with use of non-stationary capillary viscometer are compared with results achieved with use of rotational viscometer.Работа посвящается разработке теоретических основ обработки результатов измерений и алгоритма обработки результатов для автоматизации измерений для нестационарного капиллярного вискозиметра. Предложенный алгоритм позволяет достичь быстродействия измерений и получить гемореологические данные для диагностических целей с удовлетворительной степенью точности. Приводится сравнение результатов, полученных при использовании нестационарного капиллярного вискозиметра, c результатами, достигнутыми при использовании стандартного ротационного вискозиметра

The Role of Carbonized Layers for Fire Protection of Polymer Materials

The present work studies the processes occurring in pre-flame zone in the form of «candle-like flame» which is spread over the surface of epoxy polymer. As exemplified by epoxy polymer, it can be seen that the dominating mechanism of heat transfer from flame to pre-flame zone of carbonized polymers is a thermal conductivity by condensed phase (to phase). The mechanism of gasification processes in pre-flame zone is proposed. Gasification of the material in front of the flame edge is a controlling process, and when selecting flame retardants, it is necessary to register their ability to influence on kinetics and mechanism of gasification. The flame leading edge is bordered with the surface of polymer, which largely determines the nature of heat transfer in pre-flame region. Due to investigations of gas-phase composition at «candle-like» combustion of epoxy polymer it has been detected a considerable amount of oxygen (up to 10‒12%) near burning surface. Its presence facilitates the thermal oxidation of polymer, moreover the rate of thermal oxidation can significantly exceed the thermal decomposition rate of the polymer. The possibility to form the heat-insulating intumescent layer during decomposition of carbonizable polymers was used at development of flame retardant coatings ‒ complex multicomponent systems. Which in turns forms the intumescent carbonized layer with high porosity and low thermal conductivity, and protects based material or construction from premature heating up to critical temperatures