A Critical Study on the Reasons of the Unity of the Truth of Existence in Ibn Arabī’s Mystical school and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's Philosophy

The issue of existence is regarded as the most fundamental issues in philosophy and mysticism. It has always been important to discuss the truth of existence as the most fundamental issue in Islamic philosophy and Islamic mysticism and the subscription and dissociation point of these two sciences has been always important. Ibn Arabī, as a theorist of theoretical mysticism in the Islamic thought, considers the truth of existence as the central theme of this science, and other things are the manifestations, the dignity, the aspects and the emergence of this truth. There is just the existence of right. Existence is a single truth. In fact there is no other than the single truth, and this truth is not multiplicative. In his school there are three arguments based on the immortality, the inexplicability, and the essentiality of existence. In Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's thought, three arguments have been presented based on Sadrian's special meaning of causality, non-solitary of existence, and the Basit al-Haqiqah (simple truth). The article criticizes these arguments and examines the approach of the mystical school of Ibn Arabī and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn

An FCM-Based Dynamic Modelling of Integrated Project Delivery Implementation Challenges in Construction Projects

Question: What are the Integrated Project Delivery Implementation challenges in construction projects, their interrelationships and their effects on the project time, cost and quality?Purpose: The Purpose of this study is applying an efficient method to determine the most important challenges to IPD implementation in construction industry, and also to evaluate the interrelationships among these challenges and their effects on the project time, cost, and quality.Research Method: This study models available Integrated Project Delivery challengesusing a real case data, through applying Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping technique.Findings: Results show that contractual factors have the major influence compared with others. This shows the significance of paying attention to why project stakeholders must be integrated throughout the project life cycle since early contract documentation stage.Limitations/Implications: This study is limited to the caseselectedfrom Tehran of Iran.Value for authors: This study is significantdue to identifying, classifying and determining the intensity of effects of IPD implementation challenges on cost, time, and quality of construction projects. It results in planning, resolving the challenges, enhancing the quality of constructions and lastly saving the construction cost and time

Evaluation of Power System Reliability Considering Direct Load Control Effects

With the development of deregulated power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day, demand side management programs were noticed more by customers. In restructured power systems, DSM programs are introduced as DEMAND RESPONSE. In this paper we try to evaluate the effect of DR programs on power system reliability and nodal reliability. In order to reach to this target, Direct Load Control program, as the most common demand response program, is considered. Effects of demand response programs on system and nodal reliability of a deregulated power system are investigated using direct load control and economic load model, DC power-flow-based optimal load curtailment objective and reliability evaluation techniques. The proposed method is evaluated by numerical studies based on a small reliability test system (RBTS), and simulation results show that demand response program can improve the system and nodal reliability.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i2.229

Pulmonary fungal co-infection prevalence among Iranian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tuberculosis (TB) is further aggravated if it is accompanied with fungal co-infection. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary fungal co-infection among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The present study was a review of cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of pulmonary fungal co-colonization among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB with regard to the PRISMA Protocol. To this end, the articles published online in English and Persian were searched on the main databases and gateways such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Databases. The reviews of the literatures published online from 2000 to the end of 2018 were included in the study. The keywords used for searching through the databases were pulmonary fungal co-infection with pulmonary TB, pulmonary mycosis co-infection with pulmonary TB, pulmonary fungal colonization/agents with pulmonary TB, AND Iran. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The analyses showed that the prevalence of fungal co-infection among patients with pulmonary TB varied from 12.3-68.8%, and that the combined prevalence of fungal co-infection among patients with pulmonary TB was 17.4%. Amongst the fungi involved in co-infection with TB, Candida spp. was the most predominant with the prevalence of 6.9%, followed by Aspergillus spp. (3.2%). Moreover, the highest prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was observed for Aspergillus fumigatus (1.6%). The most frequent Candida spp. was Candida albicans with a frequency of 6%. The findings showed that the combined prevalence of fungal co-infection among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB was high. In this regard, among the fungi involved in co-infection with TB, Candida spp. was the most frequent

The Importance and Role of Metaphysics for Science

In this paper, we first examine the reasons for opposing metaphysics. While assessing these reasons, we intend to reach a plausible stance regarding the relationship between science and metaphysics and its role and importance in scientific activity. There are different views on this old question. We argue that the interaction of metaphysics and science is a complex interaction that can only be defended in the light of a critical approach. In this critical attitude, one should not only pay attention to the role and importance of metaphysics in science but also should have an epistemic humility about his expectations of it

Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Simultaneous Treatment with Allium Cepa on Biochemical Parameters and Ultrastructure of Ovarian Tissues of Rats

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) (50 Hz, 3 mT) on biochemical parameters of rats’ ovarian tissues and the impact of Allium cepa on the reduction of potential adverse influences of electromagnetic exposure. Material and Methods: In this study 40 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including (1) control group (with 3 cc normal saline), (2) ELF-EMF group (exposed to ELF-EMF, 50 Hz), (3) Allium cepa group (received 3 cc Allium cepa), and (4) ELF-EMF and Allium cepa group (exposed to ELF-EMF and simultaneously received Allium cepa daily for 6 weeks. Results: The MDA levels significantly increased in the second group, which were exposed to ELF-EMF and decreased in normal rats that received Allium cepa. Although, SOD, GPx, and CAT activities significantly decreased in ELF-EMF group, the combination treatment with Allium Cepa on exposed rats restored their activities to normal levels. The conduction of transmission electron microscopy study on ELF-EMF group revealed the changes regarding cytoplasmic organelles in the ovarian follicles of exposed rats. Moreover, irregular oocyte with damaged heterochromatic nuclei was observed. In degenerative oocyte, mitochondria lost their cristae Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that ELF-EMF exposure might cause deleterious effect on ovarian tissues in rats, which may lead to infertility and subfertility. Moreover, using Allium cepa as a nutritional supplement can have beneficial effects in the protection of biological antioxidants and reproductive systems in cases exposed to ELF-EMF

High frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with SCCmec type III and spa type t030 in Karaj’s teaching hospitals, Iran

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been one of the most important antibiotic-resistant pathogen in many parts of the world over the past decades. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate MRSA isolated between July 2013 and July 2014 in Karaj, Iran. All tested isolates were collected in teaching hospitals from personnel, patients, and surfaces and each MRSA was analyzed by SCCmec and spa typing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was accomplished by disk diffusion method. Out of 49 MRSA isolates from the Karaj’s teaching hospitals, 82%, 10%, and 6% of the isolates were SCCmec types III, II, and I, respectively. The main spa type in this study was spa t030 with frequency as high as 75.5% from intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospitals and high rate of resistance to rifampicin (53%) was found in MRSA isolates. In conclusion, high frequency of spa t030 with SCCmec type III and MRSA phenotype illustrated circulating of one of the antibiotic-resistant strains in ICU of Karaj’s teaching hospitals and emphasizes the need for ongoing molecular surveillance, antibiotic susceptibility monitoring, and infection control

Evaluation of overall survival and disease-free survival of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer

Abstract : Background: This study evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy on overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative tumor without lymph node involvement. Methods: Breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patient records were used to collect data on sex, age, time of disease onset, tumor subtype, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular and perineural involvement, ki67, and treatment protocols. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and patients who received hormonal therapy only. Disease-free survival index (DFS) and overall survival index (OS) were evaluated. Results: Sixty-seven female patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 68.2% received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and 31.6% received hormonal therapy only. During follow-up, recurrences occurred in 8 patients. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 93.4% and 90%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 94% and 92%, respectively, in patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, and 91% and 85%, respectively, in patients who received hormonal therapy. None of the factors studied affected the 3-year and 5-year DFS. The 3-year and 5-year DFS OS were 98.6% and 96.9%, respectively CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement compared with similar patients receiving hormone therapy alone had no significant difference in disease-free survival index and overall survival index. Keywords: breast cancer; disease-free survival index; overall survival inde

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18 : a geospatial modelling study

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205000 (95% uncertainty interval 147000-257000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution.Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe