Why do students of Compulsory Secondary Education and Vocational Training choose and reject their classmates? Case study

Las relaciones sociales entre los estudiantes tienen una gran influencia en su desarrollo. Así, puede afectar a nivel cognitivo, psicosocial y de desempeño académico. Por ello, es necesario analizar por qué motivos los alumnos eligen y rechazan a sus compañeros de aula. Esta investigación estudia los motivos aducidos por los estudiantes de un instituto de educación secundaria. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos se dejan llevar por motivos de amistad y afinidad, y no por otros como la apariencia física, el carácter o la competencia académica.Social relationships among students have a profound influence on their development. Thus, this can affect at cognitive, psychosocial and academic level. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse why students choose and reject their classmates. This research studies the reasons given by the students of a secondary school. The results show that students get carried away for reasons of friendship and affinity, instead of others such as physical appearance, character or academic competence

A telemetry modeling for intelligent UAV monitoring

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV for short, is able to fly autonomously during all phases of flight, but has to be monitored from an operator station. In this article a better avionic system is proposed to optimize this process reducing the channel usage without quality degradation. The information related to the aircraft position is called telemetry. This early avionic system is tested in the longitudinal mode of a high wing model unmanned aircraft system in an open source flight simulator.Postprint (published version

Significados construidos da práticas em simulação clínica por estudantes de enfermagem

Objective: To describe the meanings that nursing students have built from clinical simulation experience to meet their learning needs. Methodology: The descriptive qualitative study from a hermeneutic paradigm. The design corresponds to an instrumental case study. A focus group and in-depth interviews were applied to 5th year students of the nursing career of Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, 2015. Data reduction was done from Atlas Ti software, version 7.0. The transcription of verbal data was developed from Jefferson transcription convention, which allowed the development of codification processes and analysis of narratives. Results: 4 categories emerged: Characteristics of clinical simulation, training expectations of clinical simulation, mobilized competencies and the importance of simulation for clinical practice. Within the observed results, students recognize that clinical simulation provides a safe and risk-free environment, they can integrate what they have learned in theory, into practice, without fear of causing harm to patients, being able to make mistakes, therefore,achieving meaningful learning. In addition, it allows the development of competencies such as teamwork, effective communication, problem solving, stress management and leadership. All this improves the confidence and safety of the student when facing real patients, promoting the delivery of quality nursing care, safeguarding the safety of users. Conclusion: Students value clinical simulation from a technical and personal perspective as a learning methodology that facilitates integration between theory and practice, promoting patient safety, self-confidence and security in the student.Objetivo: Describir los significados que han construido los estudiantes de enfermería a partir de la experiencia en simulación clínica para satisfacer sus necesidades de aprendizaje. Metodología: La metodología es cualitativa descriptiva, desde un paradigma hermenéutico. El diseño corresponde a un estudio de casos de tipo instrumental. Se aplicó un grupo focal y entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de 5° año de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, año 2015. La reducción de datos se hizo desde el software Atlas Ti, versión 7.0. La transcripción de la data verbal se desarrolló a partir del convencionalismo de Jefferson, lo que permitió el desarrollar procesos de codificación y análisis de narrativas. Resultados: Surgieron 4 categorías: Características de la simulación clínica, expectativas formativas simulación clínica, competencias movilizadas e importancia de la simulación para la práctica clínica. Dentro de los resultados observados, los estudiantes reconocen que la simulación clínica proporciona un entorno seguro y libre de riesgos, pueden integrar lo aprendido en la teoría a la práctica, sin temor de causar daño a los pacientes, pudiendo cometer errores, logrando así un aprendizaje significativo. Además, permite el desarrollo de competencias como trabajo en equipo, comunicación efectiva, resolución de problemas, manejo del estrés y liderazgo. Todo esto mejora la confianza y seguridad del estudiante al momento de enfrentarse al paciente real, promoviendo la entrega de cuidados enfermeros de calidad, resguardando la seguridad de los usuarios. Conclusión: Los estudiantes valoran desde una perspectiva técnica y personal la simulación clínica como una metodología de aprendizaje que facilita la integración entre teoría y práctica, promoviendo la seguridad del paciente, la autoconfianza y seguridad en el estudiante.Objetivo: Descrever os significados que os estudantes de enfermagem construíram a partir da experiência em simulação clínica para atender as suas necessidades de aprendizagem. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo qualitativo a partir de um paradigma hermenéutico. O design corresponde a um estudo de caso do tipo instrumental. Um grupo focal e entrevistas em profundidade foram aplicados aos alunos do quinto ano da carreira de enfermagem na Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, 2015. A redução de dados foi feita a partir do software Atlas Ti, versão 7.0. A transcrição de dados verbais foi desenvolvida a partir do convencionalismo de Jefferson, o que permitiu o desenvolvimento de processos de codificação e análise de narrativas. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias: Características da simulação clínica, expectativas formativas, simulação clínica, competências mobilizadas e importância da simulação para a prática clínica. Dentro dos resultados observados, os estudantes reconhecem que a simulação clínica proporciona um ambiente seguro e livre de riscos, eles podem integrar o que aprenderam na teoria à prática, sem medo de causar danos aos pacientes, sendo capazes de cometer erros, alcançando assim a aprendizagem. significativo Também permite o desenvolvimento de habilidades como trabalho em equipe, comunicação eficaz, resolução de problemas, gerenciamento de estresse e liderança. Tudo isso melhora a confiança e a segurança do aluno frente ao paciente real, promovendo a entrega de cuidados de enfermagem de qualidade, resguardando a segurança dos usuários. Conclusão: Os estudantes valorizam, de uma perspectiva técnica e pessoal, a simulação clínica como metodologia de aprendizagem que facilita a integração entre teoria e prática, promovendo a segurança do doente, a autoconfiança e a segurança no estudante

Vitamin D3-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Modulate the Transcriptomic Profile of T CD4 + Cells Towards a Functional Hyporesponsiveness

The use of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) has become a promising alternative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Among the different strategies available, the use of vitamin D3 for the generation of tolDC (vitD3-tolDC) constitutes one of the most robust approaches due to their immune regulatory properties, which are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, the mechanisms that vitD3-tolDC trigger for the induction of tolerance remain elusive. For this reason, we performed a full phenotypical, functional, and transcriptomic characterization of T cells upon their interaction with autologous, antigen-specific vitD3-tolDC. We observed a strong antigen-specific reduction of T cell proliferation, combined with a decrease in the relative prevalence of T1 subpopulations and IFN- γ production. The analysis of the transcriptomic profile of T CD4 + cells evidenced a significant down-modulation of genes involved in cell cycle and cell response to mainly pro-inflammatory immune-related stimuli, highlighting the role of JUNB gene as a potential biomarker of these processes. Consequently, our results show the induction of a strong antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness combined with a reduction on the T1 immune profile of T cells upon their interaction with vitD3-tolDC, which manifests the regulatory properties of these cells and, therefore, their therapeutic potential in the clinic. https://doi.org/10.13039/5011000033295https://doi.org/10.13039/5011000033293https://doi.org/10.13039/5011000033296https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329_https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329_https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000332

MAP7 and MUCL1 are biomarkers of Vitamin D3-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis patients

The administration of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) has become a promising alternative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Specifically, the use of vitamin D3 for the generation of tolDC (vitD3-tolDC) constitutes one of the most widely studied approaches, as it has evidenced significant immune regulatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo. In this article, we generated human vitD3-tolDC from monocytes from healthy donors and MS patients, characterized in both cases by a semi-mature phenotype, secretion of IL-10 and inhibition of allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, we studied their transcriptomic profile and selected a number of differentially expressed genes compared to control mature and immature dendritic cells for their analysis. Among them, qPCR results validated CYP24A1, MAP7 and MUCL1 genes as biomarkers of vitD3-tolDC in both healthy donors and MS patients. Furthermore, we constructed a network of protein interactions based on the literature, which manifested that MAP7 and MUCL1 genes are both closely connected between them and involved in immune-related functions. In conclusion, this study evidences that MAP7 and MUCL1 constitute robust and potentially functional biomarkers of the generation of vitD3-tolDC, opening the window for their use as quality controls in clinical trials for MS

Comparative transcriptomic profile of tolerogenic dendritic cells differentiated with vitamin D3, dexamethasone and rapamycin

Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tolDC)-based therapies have become a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by their potential ability to restore immune tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. However, the broad variety of protocols used to generate tolDC in vitro and their functional and phenotypical heterogeneity are evidencing the need to find robust biomarkers as a key point towards their translation into the clinic, as well as better understanding the mechanisms involved in the induction of immune tolerance. With that aim, in this study we have compared the transcriptomic profile of tolDC induced with either vitamin D3 (vitD3-tolDC), dexamethasone (dexa-tolDC) or rapamycin (rapa-tolDC) through a microarray analysis in 5 healthy donors. The results evidenced that common differentially expressed genes could not be found for the three different tolDC protocols. However, individually, CYP24A1, MUCL1 and MAP7 for vitD3-tolDC; CD163, CCL18, C1QB and C1QC for dexa-tolDC; and CNGA1 and CYP7B1 for rapa-tolDC, constituted good candidate biomarkers for each respective cellular product. In addition, a further gene set enrichment analysis of the data revealed that dexa-tolDC and vitD3-tolDC share several immune regulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, while rapa-tolDC seem to be playing a totally different role towards tolerance induction through a strong immunosuppression of their cellular processes

Assessing Blood-Based Biomarkers to Define a Therapeutic Window for Natalizumab

Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds CD49d. Although it is one of the most effective treatments for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), a dosing regimen has not been optimized for safety and efficacy in individual patients. We aimed to identify biomarkers to monitor Natalizumab treatment and to establish a personalized dose utilizing an ongoing longitudinal study in 29 RRMS patients under Natalizumab with standard interval dose (SD) of 300 mg/4 wks or extended interval dose (EID) of 300 mg/6 wks. Blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine CD49d saturation and expression in several T and B lymphocytes subpopulations. Each patient was analyzed at two different timepoints separated by 3 Natalizumab administrations. Natalizumab and sVCAM-1 levels in serum were also analyzed using ELISA. To determine the reproducibility of various markers, two different timepoints were compared and no significant differences were observed for CD49d expression nor for saturation; SD patients had higher saturation levels (~80%) than EID patients (~60%). A positive correlation exists between CD49d saturation and Natalizumab serum levels. CD49d expression and saturation are stable parameters that could be used as biomarkers in the immunomonitoring of Natalizumab treatment. Moreover, Natalizumab and sVCAM-1 serum levels could be used to optimize an individual's dosing schedule

Cryopreserved vitamin D3-tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with autoantigens as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis patients

Altres ajuts: Cost Action BM1305BACKGROUND: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) have been postulated as a potent immunoregulatory therapy for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the administration of antigen-specific vitamin D3 (vitD3) tolDC in mice showing clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; the animal model of MS) resulted in abrogation of disease progression. With the purpose to translate this beneficial therapy to the clinics, we have investigated the effectivity of vitD3-frozen antigen-specific tolDC pulsed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 40-55 peptide (f-tolDC-MOG) since it would reduce the cost, functional variability and number of leukapheresis to perform to the patients. METHODS: Mice showing EAE clinical signs were treated with repetitive doses of f-tolDC-MOG. Tolerogenic mechanisms induced by the therapy were analysed by flow cytometry and T cell proliferation assays. RESULTS: Treatment with f-tolDC-MOG was effective in ameliorating clinical signs of mice with EAE, inhibiting antigen-specific reactivity and inducing Treg. In addition, the long-term treatment was well tolerated and leading to a prolonged maintenance of tolerogenicity mediated by induction of Breg, reduction of NK cells and activation of immunoregulatory NKT cells. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this study show that the use of antigen-specific f-tolDC promotes multiple and potent tolerogenic mechanisms. Moreover, these cells can be kept frozen maintaining their tolerogenic properties, which is a relevant step for their translation to the clinic. Altogether, vitD3 f-tolDC-MOG is a potential strategy to arrest the autoimmune destruction in MS patients

Deep Phenotyping and Genetic Characterization of a Cohort of 70 Individuals With 5p Minus Syndrome.

Chromosome-5p minus syndrome (5p-Sd, OMIM #123450) formerly known as Cri du Chat syndrome results from the loss of genetic material at the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 5. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic cause. So far, about 400 patients have been reported worldwide. Individuals affected by this syndrome have large phenotypic heterogeneity. However, a specific phenotype has emerged including global developmental delay, microcephaly, delayed speech, some dysmorphic features, and a characteristic and monochromatic high-pitch voice, resembling a cat's cry. We here describe a cohort of 70 patients with clinical features of 5p- Sd characterized by means of deep phenotyping, SNP arrays, and other genetic approaches. Individuals have a great clinical and molecular heterogeneity, which can be partially explained by the existence of additional significant genomic rearrangements in around 39% of cases. Thus, our data showed significant statistical differences between subpopulations (simple 5p deletions versus 5p deletions plus additional rearrangements) of the cohort. We also determined significant "functional" differences between male and female individuals.S

Risk Measurement of Perinatal and Neonatal Morbidity Characteristics and Applicability of GAIA Case Definitions: Results and Lessons Learnt of a Hospital-Based Prospective Cohort Study in the Valencia Region (2019–2020)

Post-marketing safety surveillance of new vaccines aimed to be administered during pregnancy is crucial to orchestrate efficient adverse events evaluation. This is of special relevance in the current landscape of new vaccines being introduced in the pregnant women population, and particularly due to the recent administration of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women. This multicenter prospective cohort study, nested within the WHO-Global Vaccine Safety-MCC study, involved two hospitals in the Valencia region. Hereby, the incidence rates of seven perinatal and neonatal outcomes in the Valencia region are presented. The pooled data analysis of the two Valencian hospitals allowed the estimation of incidence rates in the Valencia Region (per 1000 live births): 86.7 for low birth weight, 78.2 for preterm birth, 58.8 for small for gestational age, 13 for congenital microcephaly, 0.4 for stillbirth, 1.2 for neonatal death and 6.5 for neonatal infection. These figures are in line with what is expected from a high-income country and the previously reported rates for Spain and Europe, except for the significantly increased rate for congenital microcephaly. Regarding the data for maternal immunization, the vaccination status was collected for 94.4% of the screened pregnant women, highlighting the high quality of the Valencian Vaccine Registry. The study also assessed the Valencian hospitals’ capacity for identifying and collecting data on maternal immunization status, as well as the applicability of the GAIA definitions to the identified outcomes.Medicin