Peran Tuha Peut dalam Pengembangan Reusam Perlindungan Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum (ABH) di Aceh Besar

Some gampongs in Aceh Besar have established gampong reusam on child protection in written form. Reusam which usually regulates public behavior about habits undertaken by the public in an unwritten form, is now beginning to be written in written form. The formation of gampong reusam was formed by Tuha Peut Gampong which was discussed together with the keuchik and community leaders of the gampong. This research aims to find out how the process of reusam formation of child protection in Aceh Besar and how the role of Tuha Peut in determining the direction of development of child protection reusam in Aceh Besar. This research uses qualitative research with data source from primary data obtained through interview with Keuchik, Tuha Peut Gampong and Female Woman. Secondary data is obtained through documentation studies in the library. The results showed that the process of forming a village reusam on Child Protection was established through the involvement of elements and community leaders, even women were involved in the preparation. Tuha Peut has an important role in the development of a gampong reusam that adopts local and applicable local values in Aceh. These values are deliberation, mediation and the use of adat sanctions for child offenders in cases that occur, such as Advice, Warning, apology, fines, compensation, returned to the family, Establishment of Child Protection Committees dealing with law and engagement government agencies

KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENGASUHAN ANAK PASCA PERCERAIAN AKIBAT PENOLAKAN GUGATAN REKONVENSI

Majelis hakim yang mengadili putusan Nomor 7/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna. menolak gugatan rekonvensi yang diajukan termohon yang meminta agar hakim memberikan hak asuh kepadanya. Konsekuensi yuridis penolakan tersebut adalah memunculkan ketidakpastian hukum terkait pengasuhan bagianak. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab apa pertimbangan hakim menolak gugatan rekonvensi dalam putusan Nomor 7/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna. dan kepastian hukum terhadap pengasuhan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang berusaha mengkaji kaidah dan konsep-konsep dalam ilmu hukum. Bahan hukum primer yang digunakan adalah UU Perkawinan dan putusan Nomor 7/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna. Analisis data dilakukan secara preskriptif dengan tujuan untuk memberikan penilaian terhadap putusan tersebut dalam perspektif ilmu hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan hakim menolak gugatan rekonvensi yang diajukan oleh termohon secara lisan adalah dikarenakan tidak pernah hadir lagi pada tahap replik, duplik, pembuktian dan kesimpulan di persidangan sehingga ibu tidak menguatkan alasan-alasannya meminta anak tersebut. Akibat hukumnya adalah adanya ketidak pastian hukum pengasuhan bagi anak pasca perceraian dalam putusan Nomor 7/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna. sehingga berpeluang terjadi konflik baru di masa yang akan dating dalam memperebutkan hak asuh anak

Peranan Hakim dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak: Antara Kemaslahatandan Kemudharatan

Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak, karena setiap orangtua yang ingin menikahkan anak di bawah umur harus mendapatkan dispensasi perkawinan dari Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Kajian ini berusaha untuk menganalisis peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mencegah perkawinan usia anak di Mahkamah Syar’iyah serta pertimbangan dalam menerima maupun menolak dispensasi kawin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan peranan hakim mencegah perkawinan anak. Sumber data primer diperoleh melalu wawancara langsung dengan hakim. Data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya mencegah praktik perkawinan usia anak, hal ini disebabkan setiap perkawinan anak harus memperoleh izin Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Wujud peranan hakim dikonkritkan dengan mendorong orangtua tidak melanjutkan permohonan dispensasi kawin dengan memberikan nasehat-nasehat serta dampak yang muncul pasca perkawinan baik psikologis, mental maupun pendidikan anak. Tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mengadili perkara dispensasi adalah pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahaya perkawinan anak belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik dan harus menghadirkan saksi yang memadai agar latar belakang keinginan menikah dapat didalami secara komprehensif. Pertimbangan hakim mengabulkan permohonan dispensasi dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interest of the child) dan adanya bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan suatu hal yang mendesak dilakukan berdasarkan fakta di persidangan

Divorce Problems and Community Social Capital in Realizing Family Resilience in Aceh

Divorce is a matter that is always fascinating to explore within Islamic law since it affects not only legal but also social and cultural issues. Therefore, various ways are carried out by the community to suppress the divorce rate so that family resilience should be maintained. This study aims to discuss to proleptic divorce practices that occur in Aceh, community response, and the socio-capital in the form of traditional values and religious leaders in Acehnese society to realize family resilience. This is an empirical legal study employing a sociology of law methodology. Interviews and literature reviews were utilized as methods of data collection. The data demonstrated that social changes in Aceh contributed to an increase in divorce rates. The response of the community to divorce is litigation, peudame (reconciling), and non-litigation (through the court). Traditional and gampong (village) officials with cultural and legal authority, such as the keuchik(village head), tuha peut, head Jurong (neighborhood chief), and teungku imuem, are involved in the resolution of disputes. Meanwhile, divorces that cannot be handled by customary means will be moved to the Religious Courts. In the context of legal sociology theory, however, customary and cultural values as social capital in the form of support from traditional and religious leaders can help the maintenance of family resilience

Community's role in preventing child marriage: An analysis of models and community compliance with village policies

The presence of regulations that regulate the increase in the age of children fails to prevent child marriage. However, the existence of a community with an adequate child protection system has been able to prevent child marriage. This study aims to analyse the model developed by the community and the background to the emergence of community initiatives in efforts to prevent child marriage. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained by interviewing Reje Kampung, community facilitators, and NGO program officers. The research was conducted in Bener Meriah Regency. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by selecting relevant data and then describing it systematically. The results showed that the model for preventing child marriage was carried out by forming a Cadre of Friends of Women and Children (SAPA), which is responsible for disseminating child protection issues. Second, establish a children's forum at the gampong level as a pioneer and reporter for child protection that continues to report on any incidents that affect children. Third, formulate regulations and policies in the village as guidelines for the community. The emergence of a child marriage prevention community was due to support from PKPM Aceh on the basis of support from UNICEF, which strengthened the issue of child protection from the roots (community) from 2022–2023. The community is strengthened by the issue of child protection and trains SAPA Cadres as the spearhead of fulfilling the rights of women and children in the village

KEWENANGAN HAKIM MELAKSANAKAN MEDIASI PADA PERKARA ISTBAT NIKAH DALAM RANGKA PENYELESAIAN PERCERAIAN

Salah satu alasan pengajuan istbat nikah menurut KHI adalah karena adanya perkawinan dalam rangka penyelesaian perceraian. Persoalannya adalah di satu sisi istbat nikah bukanlah perkara yang wajib dimediasi, di sisi lain perkara perceraian menjadi salah satu perkara yang wajib dimediasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah hakim berwenang melakukan mediasi terhadap istbat nikah dengan alasan perceraian dan bagaimana perspektif asas peradilan cepat serta biaya ringan dalam mengadili perkata istbat nikah dalam rangka penyelesaian perceraian. Kajian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan hakim dan advokat. Bahan hukum primer yang digunakan terdiri dari UU Perkawinan, KHI dan Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim berwenang melaksanakan mediasi dalam perkara istbat nikah dalam rangka penyelesaian perceraian. Perkara pokok dari istbat nikah dalam rangka perceraian adalah perceraiannya sehingga menurut Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 dapat dilaksanakan mediasi karena perkara perceraian merupakan salah satu kasus yang dapat dimediasikan oleh hakim. Permohonan isbat nikah dalam rangka penyelesaian perceraian mengakomodir asas peradilan sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan karena tidak memerlukan pembuktian yang sulit. Pembuktian dapat dilakukan sekaligus dengan menghadirkan saksi yang menyaksikan terpenuhinya rukun dan syarat sah perkawinan menurut hukum Islam serta  telah terjadinya perselisihan secara terus menerus di antara pasangan suami isteri

Restoratif Justice, Diversi dan Peradilan Anak Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 110/Puu-X/2012

The Constitutional Court, by Decision No. 110/Law-X/2012, repealed Articles 96, 100, and 101 of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Child Criminal Justice System, which establishes penalties for judges, prosecutors, and investigators who do not seek discrimination against children who face the law. These provisions have no more binding legal force for judges, police, and prosecutors who do not perform their duties. The study focuses on the implementation of diversity and the impact of child protection before and after the Constitutional Court rulings. The interview data is obtained from the Banda Aceh State Court, supported by library data, and analyzed using a juridico-empirical approach. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that the execution of diversion in the Banda Aceh State Court before the birth of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 110/PUU-X/2012 was in accordance with the regulations of the laws in force and was accompanied by the threat of criminal offenses. After the birth of the judgment of the Constitutional Court, the execution of differences is an obligation that must be carried out by the judge but is not accompanied by the threat of a criminal offense for a judge who does not perform it. The impact of the ruling of the Constitutional Court is that there is no criminal threat to the judge, JPU, and investigator because the Constitutional Court ruling has declared Articles 96, 100, and 101 to have no binding legal force. Nevertheless, the duty of diversification remains a duty that must be enforced by law enforcement

MODEL PENGAWASAN ANAK DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PELECEHAN SEKSUAL DI LINGKUNGAN PESANTREN

Praktik pelecehan seksual semakin mengkhawatirkan setelah terungkapnya beberapa pimpinan pesantren yang melakukannya terhadap santri di Lhokseumawe dan Aceh Utara. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik pelecehan seksual, pengawasan pengurus pesantren dan respons orangtua terhadap praktik pelecehan seksual terhadap anak. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan guru dan orangtua murid. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif berdasarkan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelecehan seksual di pesantren semakin terbuka dengan adanya keberanian santri untuk melaporkan setiap tindakan pelecehan seksual yang dialaminya. Pengawasan dalam upaya pencegahan pelecehan seksual semakin diperketat dengan berbagai cara yaitu Memperkuat Pemahaman bagi Pengasuh, Membatasi kedekatan antar santri bila adanya Indikasi mencurigakan, Pemasangan CCTV di Asrama, Memisahkan santri laki-laki dan perempuan, Menempatkan Pengasuh dalam Setiap Asrama dan Mengedukasi Ilmu Agama bagi Anak. Pasca terungkapnya kasus pelecehan di pesantren ke publik, orangtua semakin hati-hati. Pendekatan persuasif dengan anak untuk menceritakan kondisi pesantren sangat terbuka sehingga dapat memudahkan orangtua mengidentifikasi ada atau tidaknya praktik pelecehan seksual di pesantren

PENEGAKAN HUKUM JINAYAT BAGI NON MUSLIM DI ACEH

Law enforcement against non-Muslims who commit violations of jinayat law tends to use the penalties stipulated in the Qanun Hukum Jinayat compared to other criminal statutory provisions. This phenomenon is interesting to study because non-Muslims who commit criminal acts (Jarimah) are given the choice of choosing to use Qanun or other Criminal Law which is regulated outside the Qanun. This study aims to analyze how the enforcement of jinayat law against Jarimah is carried out by non-Muslims, why non-Muslims are more likely to choose jinayat law than the provisions of other criminal laws and regulations outside of the Qanun and which penalties are imposed more dominantly by syar'iyah court judges. The author uses the empirical juridical research method with the aim of describing concrete facts about jinayat law enforcement for non-Muslims. The primary legal materials used are Qanun Hukum Jinayat Qanun Hukum Procedural Jinayat. Secondary legal materials, namely through books, journals and research results. Primary data was obtained through interviews with non-Muslims who had been sentenced according to qanun, judges and Wilayatuh Hisbah (WH). The results showed that enforcement of jinayat law for non-Muslims must first seek approval from the suspect to use qanuns or criminal laws other than qanuns. Then the investigator takes action according to the choice set by the suspect. Non-Muslims tend to choose qanuns due to several factors: first, the punishment is more instantaneous than the KUHP which carries a prison sentence. Second, the people who witnessed the execution of the caning were not all citizens who knew him. The more dominant punishments handed down by judges were ta'zir flogging and actions in the form of revoking their business license

Evaluating the Implementation of a Workflow Management System in a Pharmaceutical Setting through the Examination of Workarounds and System Vulnerabilities

Technology has increasingly been implemented in healthcare with the intention of reducing errors. One area where errors could be reduced is in the pharmaceutical environment, specifically dispensing errors. A qualitative observational study was conducted in a pharmaceutical environment to identify system vulnerabilities (SVs) and workarounds in the work system. This was done to assess how the implementation of a workflow management system (WFMS) impacts the work system and work practices and to identify opportunities for error reduction. The work system experienced changes in work practices and in the SVs following the implementation of the WFMS. Additionally, the WFMS prompted additional workarounds to occur following implementation. Certain risks were reduced by the WFMS, as shown by the elimination of certain SVs or reduction in the risk rating of other SVs. However, certain risks continued to exist and new risks were introduced as shown by the kinds of workarounds existing after implementation and the creation of new SVs