A study of point discharge current observations in the thunderstorm environment at a tropical station during the year 1987 and 1988

The results of the measurements of point discharge current observations at Pune, India, during years 1987 and 1988 are presented by categorizing and studying their number of spells, polar current average durations, and current magnitudes in day-time and night-time conditions. While the results showed that the thunderstorm activity occupies far more day-time than the night-time the level of current magnitudes remains nearly the same in the two categories

Wess-Zumino Terms in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

The Wess-Zumino term is constructed for supersymmetric QCD with two colors and flavors, and is shown to correctly reproduce the anomalous Ward identities. Supersymmetric QCD is also shown not to have topologically stable skyrmion solutions because of baryon flat directions, which allow them to unwind. The generalization of these results to other supersymmetric theories with quantum modified constraints is discussed.Comment: 4 pages (revtex

Amritmahal: Need for Conserving the Living Pastoral Heritage of Karnataka

Karnataka is home to the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats with its range of habitats spanning from scrub forest in the lower elevations to the wet evergreen forests in the higher elevations. In stark visual contrast, the Deccan Plateau is blanketed by arid plains dominated by scrub jungles and dry grasslands. These plains are a melting pot of rich biodiversity, culture and associated traditional knowledge. They have also been important centres for breeding livestock and have supported local livelihoods. In spite of this cultural and ecological importance, these arid plains, especially grasslands with sparse woody vegetation, are increasingly being termed as wastelands. The current scenario is much the same in different regions with vast tracts being diverted for industrial use, unscrupulous developmental activity or for afforestation programmes. These short-sighted measures have adverse effects on biodiversity and the livelihoods of people depending on it. This study looks into the expansive traditional grazing pastures of the Amritmahal breed of cattle in Karnataka which are undergoing a spate of similar changes. This draft breed unique to Karnataka was known for its speed, strength, loyalty and ability to withstand droughts. Due to these qualities, it was used not only for agriculture but also in warfare and thus patronised by the royalty. The cattle were raised in exclusive pastures known as Amritmahal Kaval in local parlance. The Kaval traditionally managed by means of social fencing. Grazing and extraction of resources such as firewood and fodder was regulated (Pai, 2012). These practices seem to have led to conservation of biodiversity as is evident from the fact that these Kavals are inhabited by rare and endangered species such as blackbuck, wolves, Indian fox, leopards and several species of rare birds including Indian Courser (Centre for Ecological Sciences, 2011). Recognising the richness of biodiversity, in 2011 the Karnataka State Government declared one of the Kavals as a ‘conservation reserve’ under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Today, these Kavals are spread over an estimated 65,925 acres in 62 villages of six districts - Tumkur, Hassan, Chitradurga, Chikmagalur, Shimoga and Mandya (Ashisar, 2011). In this paper, we make a case for conserving this unique breed and thus, the grazing pastures they have been traditionally dependent on

Axial Anomaly and Transition Form Factors

We investigate the properties of the amplitude induced by the anomaly. In a relatively high energy region those amplitudes are constructed by the vector meson poles and the anomaly terms, in which the anomaly terms can be essentially evaluated by the triangle quark graph. We pay our attention to the anomaly term and make intensive analysis of the existing experimental data, i.e., the electromagnetic $\pi^0$ and $\omega$ transition form factors. Our result shows that it is essential to use the constituent quark mass instead of the current quark mass in evaluating the anomaly term from the triangle graph.Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages + 4 figures, (figures are included as uuencoded files), KUNS-1210 HE(TH) 93/0

On the contribution of the Hall term in small-scale magnetohydrodynamic dynamo

A detailed study of small-scale Hall magnetohydrodynamic dynamo has been performed both analytically and numerically. Assuming the magnetic field and the current to be separate fields, the contribution of the Hall term has been decomposed into two parts and their individual contributions have been studied separately. Calculating the scale-separated transfer rates described in Dar \textit{et. al.} (Physica D, 157 (207), 2001), it is found that the small-scale current fields are the primary contributors in sustaining large scale magnetic fields. Furthermore, the nature of the scale-to-scale fluxes are found to be globally intact with the ion inertial scale

Deriving the existence of BBˉ∗B\bar{B}^* bound states from the X(3872) and Heavy Quark Symmetry

We discuss the possibility and the description of bound states between $B$ and $\bar{B}^*$ mesons. We argue that the existence of such a bound state can be deduced from (i) the weakly bound X(3872) state, (ii) certain assumptions about the short range dynamics of the $D\bar{D}^*$ system and (iii) heavy quark symmetry. From these assumptions the binding energy of the possible $B\bar{B}^*$ bound states is determined, first in a theory containing only contact interactions which serves as a straightforward illustration of the method, and then the effects of including the one pion exchange potential are discussed. In this latter case three isoscalar states are predicted: a positive and negative C-parity $^3S_1-{}^3D_1$ state with a binding energy of $20\,{\rm MeV}$ and $6\,{\rm MeV}$ below threshold respectively, and a positive C-parity $^3P_0$ shallow state located almost at the $B\bar{B}^*$ threshold. However, large uncertainties are generated as a consequence of the $1/m_Q$ corrections from heavy quark symmetry. Finally, the newly discovered isovector $Z_b(10610)$ state can be easily accommodated within the present framework by a minor modification of the short range dynamics.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures; a sign error in the potential has been corrected and new predictions have been compute

Development of composite index and ranking the districts using nutrition survey data in Madhya Pradesh, India

Introduction: Level of development in health and nutrition at district level is useful for planning intervention in less developed districts. Aims & Objectives: to develop composite index based on 12 variables to compare development within districts in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Material & Methods: Data collected by National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad during 2010-11 on nutritional status of rural children at district level in Madhya Pradesh was used. A total of 22,895 children (Boys: 12379, Girls: 10516), were covered. Results: It was observed that Indore district rank 1st as per composite index and Singrauli rank last in the district ranking. Three categories of districts were done based on percentile of composite index i.e less developed, developing and developed districts. It was observed that there was significant (p<0.01) trend in the prevalence of undernutrition among three set of districts. Similarly, significant (p<0.01) trend was observed in proportion of children participating regularly in ICDS supplementary feeding programme, use of sanitary latrine and iodized cooking salt among three sets of districts. Conclusions: Widespread disparity in health and nutrition was observed among the districts. It is quite important to examine the extent of improvements needed in different developmental indicators for enhancing the level of development of low developed districts. This will help the planners and administrators to readjust the resources for bringing about uniform development in the state

Impairment in biochemical indices in sprayers exposed to commonly used organophosphorus and pyrethroids: A case study

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of spraying organophosphate, carbamate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides on biochemical parameters viz., red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, oxidative stress parameters viz., plasma T-BARs, catalase activity and antioxidant levels such as reduced glutathione, and α-tocopherol and pesticide residues (analysed using the GC/LC-MS/MS) in sprayers cultivating cotton, chilly and paddy crops in Guntur district for a period of >10 years. The study population included sprayers (120) with a mean age of 37.8 ± 10.8 years and controls (60) with a mean age of 37.3 ± 12.2 years. A significant difference was observed for AchE, BChE activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), catalase activity, reduced glutathione and the concentration of pesticide residues in the sprayers cultivating different crops for a period of >10 years as compared to the controls. However, there is no such significant difference observed for α-tocopherol.Key words: Pesticide residues, chronic exposure, biochemical indices,  sprayers running head, biochemical indices, pesticide residues in sprayer

Supersymmetric Gauge Theories with an Affine Quantum Moduli Space

All supersymmetric gauge theories based on simple groups which have an affine quantum moduli space, i.e. one generated by gauge invariants with no relations, W=0, and anomaly matching at the origin, are classified. It is shown that the only theories with no gauge invariants (and moduli space equal to a single point) are the two known examples, SU(5) with 5-bar + 10 and SO(10) with a spinor. The index of the matter representation must be at least as big as the index of the adjoint in theories which have a non-trivial relation among the gauge invariants.Comment: Incorrect proof that theories with constraints must have mu >= mu(adj) replaced by a correct one (6 pages, uses revtex, amssymb, array

Enhanced Nonperturbative Effects in Z Decays to Hadrons

We use soft collinear effective field theory (SCET) to study nonperturbative strong interaction effects in Z decays to hadronic final states that are enhanced in corners of phase space. These occur, for example, in the jet energy distribution for two jet events near E_J=M_Z/2, the thrust distribution near unity and the jet invariant mass distribution near zero. The extent to which such nonperturbative effects for different observables are related is discussed.Comment: 17 pages. Paper reorganized, and more discussion and results include