Безотходное использование углей

В работе сравниваются расчетная и аналитическая зольность отходов углеобогащения. Рассматриваются возможные пути и необходимость в сокращении отходов использования угля. Предложена модель безотходного использования углей.In this work the calculated and analytical ash contents of coal enrichment waste are compared. Possible ways and necessity in reducing coal waste are studied. The model for the non-waste use of coals is proposed

Претензионная работа по топливу для предприятий энергетики

Background and aims: CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) transcription factors are key regulators of homeostatic functions in the liver, and CRE binding is increased in hepatic inflammation. During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, mutations or deletions in the pre-S region are frequently observed. These mutations can affect the pre-S2/S promoter controlling HBV envelope protein expression (hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)) and have been associated with worsened clinical outcome. We aimed to test if CREB activation impacts on HBsAg expression. Methods: The effect of the CREB inducer protein kinase A (PKA) was tested by coexpression with HBV wild-type vector in vitro. Luciferase reporter gene constructs were cloned to identify novel regulatory regions for the HBV pre-S2/S promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) gelshift and supershift experiments were conducted to confirm DNA transcription factor binding. Results: Coexpression of HBV and PKA resulted in HBV-S mRNA induction and enhanced small envelope protein expression. We identified a CREB binding motif in the transcribed part of the pre-S2 region, contributing to basal S promoter activity via binding of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). A second CREB motif closely linked to the S-ATG showed a similar binding pattern involving ATF2 and CREB1, without appearing essential for basal promoter activity. Moreover, a sequence in the pre-S2 region is responsible for further transcriptional induction via CREB activators such as PKA and forskolin. EMSA experiments indicate that CREB1 and ATF4 are involved in complex formation conferring PKA dependent promoter activation. Conclusions: Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which HBV may utilise CREB/PKA signal transduction pathways of hepatocytes to enhance its HBsAg expression during homeostasis and hepatic inflammation

Prolactin

During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin levels were measured in 26 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary tumours without growth hormone excess. Basal glucose and insulin levels did not differ from the values of an age-matched control group. After glucose load the hyperprolactinaemic patients showed a decrease in glucose tolerance and a hyperinsulinaemia. Bromocriptine (CB 154), which suppressed PRL, improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin towards normal in a second OGTT. — Human PRL or CB 154 had no significant influence on insulin release due to glucose in the perfused rat pancreas. — These findings suggest a diabetogenic effect of PRL. CB 154 might be a useful drug in improving glucose utilization in hormone-active pituitary tumours

Эколого-технологические основы формирования визуальной среды города (на примере многофункционального здания г. Томска)

Процессы урбанизации, которые особо ускорились в ХХ веке, вызывают большой интерес у представителей различных наук и у самих горожан, поскольку бурный рост городского населения превращается в глобальную проблему и сильно меняет городскую среду. В ходе роста и развития городов концептуально иной становится окружающая человека среда с новым пониманием ценностей жизни, красоты и гармонии. Как показывает действительность и многочисленные исследования - естественная связь человека с природой значительно ослабевает именно в городах. Это в значительной мере оказывает влияние на психоэмоциональное и физическое состояние горожан. Изучая визуальную среду современного города, мы можем существенным образом обогатить эстетическую составляющую и несколько смягчить негативные последствия урбанизации.The rapid growth of the urban population presents a global challenge and ultimately augments the urban environment. While cities growth and develop, the environment with new understandings of values, beauty and harmony becomes conceptually different. In most cities, the natural connection of individuals with nature has significantly weakened. Their everyday environment is an artificial urban environment. In cities a special lifestyle different from the style of life in the countryside is formed, affecting to a large extent the physical and especially the mental health of the citizens. Through exploring the visual environment of the modern city, we can significantly enrich the aesthetic component and mitigate the negative effects of anthropogenic impact, creating a favorable habitat

Influência do gesso e do cimento Portland nas propriedades de compósitos contendo partículas de madeira

A utilização da madeira como estrutura temporária, nos canteiros de obra, contribui para o aumento do volume de resíduo de construção e demolição (RCD) gerado e, por isso, compósitos de madeira têm se tornado uma alternativa para o reaproveitamento desses resíduos. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar a influência da substituição de teores de gesso por cimento Portland em compósitos de gesso-madeira. Os resíduos de madeira (compensado, eucalipto e pínus) foram coletados, moídos, tratados e secos. Foi utilizado o gesso de pega lenta e o cimento Portland, com uma relação aglomerante/madeira de 1:0,15 (em massa), e relação água/aglomerante de 0,70. Os teores de substituição do gesso por cimento Portland foram de 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%, em massa. As partículas de madeira foram caracterizadas, e os compósitos produzidos foram ensaiados no estado fresco e produzidos corpos de prova prismáticos para realização de ensaios nas idades de 7 e 28 dias). Os resultados indicaram que a substituição do gesso por cimento Portland contribuiu para a aceleração do tempo de fim de pega e para a diminuição das resistências mecânicas quando comparado aos compósitos de referência, isto porque, na presença dos dois aglomerantes, o fator de compatibilidade das espécies utilizadas pode ter sido alterado

Physiological Properties of Cholinergic and Non-Cholinergic Magnocellular Neurons in Acute Slices from Adult Mouse Nucleus Basalis

The basal forebrain is a series of nuclei that provides cholinergic input to much of the forebrain. The most posterior of these nuclei, nucleus basalis, provides cholinergic drive to neocortex and is involved in arousal and attention. The physiological properties of neurons in anterior basal forebrain nuclei, including medial septum, the diagonal band of Broca and substantia innominata, have been described previously. In contrast the physiological properties of neurons in nucleus basalis, the most posterior nucleus of the basal forebrain, are unknown.Here we investigate the physiological properties of neurons in adult mouse nucleus basalis. We obtained cell-attached and whole-cell recordings from magnocellular neurons in slices from P42-54 mice and compared cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons, distinguished retrospectively by anti-choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry. The majority (70-80%) of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons were silent at rest. Spontaneously active cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons exhibited irregular spiking at 3 Hz and at 0.3 to 13.4 Hz, respectively. Cholinergic neurons had smaller, broader action potentials than non-cholinergic neurons (amplitudes 64+/-3.4 and 75+/-2 mV; half widths 0.52+/-0.04 and 0.33+/-0.02 ms). Cholinergic neurons displayed a more pronounced slow after-hyperpolarization than non-cholinergic neurons (13.3+/-2.2 and 3.6+/-0.5 mV) and were unable to spike at high frequencies during tonic current injection (maximum frequencies of approximately 20 Hz and >120 Hz).Our results indicate that neurons in nucleus basalis share similar physiological properties with neurons in anterior regions of the basal forebrain. Furthermore, cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis can be distinguished by their responses to injected current. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the physiological properties of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the posterior aspects of the basal forebrain complex and the first study of basal forebrain neurons from the mouse

Concanavalin A—induced liver cell damage: Activation of intracellular pathways triggered by tumor necrosis factor in mice☆☆☆

AbstractBackground & Aims: Concanavalin A (con A) induces tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis resembling immune-mediated fulminant hepatic failure in humans. Intracellular pathways originating at the TNF receptor are either linked to apoptosis, nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation, or Jun kinase (JNK) activation. The aim of this study was to study TNF-dependent pathways after con A injection in vivo. Methods: Con A, con A plus anti-TNF, and control buffer were injected into BALB/c mice. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, Northern blot, gel shift, Erk, and JNK activity and DNA fragmentation experiments were performed at different time points after injection. Results: DNA fragmentation in hepatocytes was increased 4–24 hours after con A injection. JNK was activated maximally (>20-fold) directly after con A injection, whereas binding and nuclear translocation of NF-κB was maximal after 4 hours. All pathways were blocked by anti-TNF. JNK activation was specific because related ERK 1 + 2 were not activated after con A. High nuclear expression of c-Jun was already evident 1 hour after con A injection; however, in contrast to JNK, anti-TNF treatment did not block c-Jun nuclear expression and DNA binding. Conclusions: In the con A model, activation of TNF-dependent pathways is associated with apoptosis of hepatocytes. Their modulation in vivo may have implications to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent apoptosis.GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:1035-104

A placebo-controlled randomised trial of budesonide for PBC following an insufficient response to UDCA

Background & Aims: In patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the efficacy of budesonide, a synthetic corticosteroid displaying high first-pass metabolism, is unresolved. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we evaluated the added-value of budesonide in those with PBC and ongoing risk of progressive disease despite ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. Methods: We evaluated 62 patients with PBC who had histologically confirmed hepatic inflammatory activity, according to the Ishak score, and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN), after at least 6 months of UDCA therapy. Participants were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive budesonide (9 mg/day) or placebo once daily, for 36 months, with UDCA treatment (12-16 mg/kg body weight/day) maintained. Primary efficacy was defined as improvement of liver histology with respect to inflammation and no progression of fibrosis. Secondary outcomes included changes in biochemical markers of liver injury. Results: Recruitment challenges resulted in a study that was underpowered for the primary efficacy analysis. Comparing patients with paired biopsies only (n = 43), the primary histologic endpoint was not met (p>0.05). The proportion of patients with ALP = 15% decrease in ALP and normal bilirubin was higher in the budesonide group than in the placebo group at 12, 24, and 36 months (p Conclusion: Budesonide add-on therapy was not associated with improved liver histology in patients with PBC and insufficient response to UDCA; however, improvements in biochemical markers of disease activity were demonstrated in secondary analyses. Lay summary: Around one-third of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) needs additional medical therapy alongside ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. In this clinical trial, the addition of the corticosteroid budesonide did not improve liver histology; there were however relevant improvements in liver blood tests. (C) 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe