Impact of intrinsic localized modes of atomic motion on materials properties

Recent neutron and x-ray scattering measurements show intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in metallic uranium and ionic sodium iodide. Here, the role ILMs play in the behavior of these materials is examined. With the thermal activation of ILMs, thermal expansion is enhanced, made more anisotropic, and, at a microscopic level, becomes inhomogeneous. Interstitial diffusion, ionic conductivity, the annealing rate of radiation damage, and void growth are all influenced by ILMs. The lattice thermal conductivity is suppressed above the ILM activation temperature while no impact is observed in the electrical conductivity. This complement of transport properties suggests that ILMs could improve thermoelectric performance. Ramifications also include thermal ratcheting, a transition from brittle to ductile fracture, and possibly a phase transformation in uranium.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figure

Determination of total potentially available nucleosides in bovine milk

Bovine colostrum and milk samples were collected from two herds over the course of the first month post-partum, pooled for each herd by stage of lactation and total potentially available nucleosides were determined. Sample analysis consisted of parallel enzymatic treatments, phenylboronate clean-up, and liquid chromatography to quantify contributions of nucleosides, monomeric nucleotides, nucleotide adducts, and polymeric nucleotides to the available nucleosides pool. Bovine colostrum contained high levels of nucleosides and monomeric nucleotides, which rapidly decreased as lactation progressed into transitional milk. Mature milk was relatively consistent in nucleoside and monomeric nucleotide concentrations from approximately the tenth day post-partum. Differences in concentrations between summer-milk and winter-milk herds were largely attributable to variability in uridine and monomeric nucleotide concentrations

Multichannel parametrization of \pi N scattering amplitudes and extraction of resonance parameters

We present results of a new multichannel partial-wave analysis for \pi N scattering in the c.m. energy range 1080 to 2100 MeV. This work explicitly includes \eta N and K \Lambda channels and the single pion photoproduction channel. Resonance parameters were extracted by fitting partial-wave amplitudes from all considered channels using a multichannel parametrization that is consistent with S-matrix unitarity. The resonance parameters so obtained are compared to predictions of quark models

Exploring an Oceanic Influence on the Peopling of South America

The focus of this research is to explore the possibility that Australasians contributed to modern indigenous South American populations during and after the time when the major peopling events of the Americas are thought to have occurred. This paper proposes a deep evolutionary connection between Oceanic and South American peoples, and challenges the idea that the Bering Land Bridge or passage along the coast of the Bering Strait was the only way that humans reached the Americas in the Late Pleistocene. Additionally, evidence from Australasia is presented to prove that long-distance sea migrations were feasible at the time of the peopling of the Americas, as they had been successfully completed nearly 40,000 years earlier in the peopling of Sahul, or modern day Australia and Papua New Guinea. After a thorough review of published work in the fields of archaeology, craniometrics, genetics, linguistics, and ecology, it is evident that there is not sufficient evidence to support the Beringia model as the sole source of the peopling of the Americas and of the development of the many and divers indigenous cultures found therein

Oviposition Behavior of the Female Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

M.S. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2017

Exploratory Models in a time of Big Data

This paper aims to trigger discourse about the emergence of a new type of social scientific model — Exploratory Models — which draw on Big Data, computer modeling and interdisciplinary research to tackle complex social scientific processes. First, we define Exploratory Models referring to Batty and Morgan and Morrison. We then present changes to the traditional modeling paradigm. We show how Exploratory Models circumvent challenges related to the idiosyncracy, self-reflexivity and acceleration of social phenomena, which limit predictive effectiveness of traditional models. We show that Exploratory Models are better equipped to tackle complex problems due to their capacity to process heterogeneous datasets. Having established that Exploratory Models are predominantly problem- and data-driven, we emphasize that scientific theory is indispensable to their progress. Finally, the development of an integrative platform is suggested as a way of maximizing the benefits of this approach. Discussion concludes by flagging areas for further research

Acme Wheat

Acme wheat, S. D. No. 284 (C. I. No. 5284) was developed by selective breeding at the Highmore experiment farm. Acme is a selection from Kubanka, a tested wheat for South Dakota. Comparative results with Kubanka may be found in South Dakota bulletin 146. This bulletin also quotes the history of Kubanka wheat as follows: It has medium or short heads that are white with occasionally a slight bluish bloom, and have rather long beards. The grain is large, yellowish white and very hard. The variety is much grown by the Kirghiz and Turghai people on the Siberian border, where it is absolutely impossible to grow ordinary wheats of any kind because of extreme drouth [sic], the rainfall being as low as 10 inches per annum. It is cultivated throughout the entire Volga River region from Kazaii to the Caspian Sea, and eastward into the Kirghiz steppes and Turkestan. It is the most popular bread wheat of the lower Volga region

On the Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Columnar Ice

A power law relation between stress and strain rate of the form σ ∝ ε̇1/n was used to describe the response to strain rate of S1 ice loaded across the columns at -10°C. The rate exponent, n, decreased with increasing strain from about 4.6 at an observed peak on the load displacement curve to approximately 2.6 at a shortening of 2%. Analysis of these results and of the results of other authors on different forms of ice deformed at the same temperature suggests that the power law exponent, n, is proportional to Fc/Fg. The parameter Fc/Fg is the far-field basal dislocation climb force divided by the glide force