The relationship between maternal blood group and preeclampsia

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific, multisystem,  hypertensive disorder  characterized  by new onset  hypertension  and proteinuria  after  20 weeks of  gestation  and  remission  of signs after delivery, which is the  leading cause of maternal,  fetal  and  neonatal mortality  and  morbidity. Despite extensive research, the etiology and    pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia remain obscure and poorly understood. ABO blood groups are known to be associated with many disorders. In this study we have tried to know the relationship between maternal blood group and preeclampsia.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 100 women with normal pregnancy were selected. Rh negative females or women with any other medical and surgical complication were excluded from the study. Using blood group O as the reference group, the relation between maternal blood group and preeclampsia was estimated using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression models.Results: When compared with blood group O, women of blood group AB have an increased risk of preeclampsia.Conclusions: The present study indicates that AB blood group have the highest risk of developing preeclampsia. AB blood group is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events this may be the cause of increased incidence of PIH in this group. Thus attention should be given to the AB blood group pregnant women in order to prevent the PIH

Low Power High Gain Op-Amp using Square Root based Current Generator

A very high gain two stage CMOS operational amplifier has been presented The proposed circuit is implemented in 180nm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 0 65V The current source in the OPAMP is replaced by a square root based current generator which helps to reduce the impact of process variations on the circuit and low power consumption due to the operation of MOS in subthreshold region So with the help of square root based current generator the better controllability over gain can be obtained The proposed opamp shows a high gain of 121 9dB and low power consumption of 11 89uW is achieve

An unusual case of rudimentary parotid gland with distended Stensen duct

Congenital absence or rudiment major salivary glands, especially of the parotid glands, are a rare entity. Aplasia of parotid glands has been described alone or in association with abnormalities of other salivary glands, first branchial arch developmental disturbances and other congenital anomalies such as lacrimoauriculodentodigital syndrome, mandibulofacial dysostosis and ectodermal dysplasia. Absence is most commonly unilateral, and may be associated with accessory or rudimentary glandular tissue. There are several reported cases of isolated patulous Stensen’s duct causing air insufflations in the glands and recurrent parotid gland enlargement. However, in the literature there is no reported case of association of rudimentary parotid gland with a patulous Stensen’s duct. This paper aims at reporting an interesting and unusual presentation of unilateral imperfectly developed parotid gland with a distended Stensen’s duct in a five year old mentally challenged girl who presented with an unintentional habit of blowing out cheeks several times in a day resulting in air insufflations and recurrent parotid swellin

A Discourse on Gender Disparity: A Study on Taluks of Belagavi District

The modern period witnessed the increased gender disparity reflected in sex-ratio, literacy and education, employment and wage-rates and several other sociocultural and behavioral indicators of empowerment (Nangia, 2005). Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance - Kofi Annan (Personal, Archive, Mahanta, & Nayak, 2013). The present paper examines the extent of gender disparity in Belagavi District based on literacy and sex ratio using secondary data. We found that literacy rate in study area was 76.93% in 2001 which is increased to 82.90% in 2011 and sex ratio in the study area was 960 in 2001 which is increased to 973 in 2011. There are wide disparities from rural to urban sex ratio as well as rural to urban literacy rate. The urban sex ratio is higher than rural sex ratio in study area. The rural sex ratio is 970 and urban sex ratio is 979 females per thousand males in the 2011. We found that in Belagavi district, there is reduction in gender disparities from 2001 to 2011 but the reduction rate is very slow

Trends and Levels of Female Literacy in Belagavi District

Women education plays a very important role in the overall growth of the country. It does not only help in the development of half of the human capital but also improves the standard of living. The progress of the nation or region is shown by the level of education and literacy of its population. Education, particularly among women has been considered as one of the major aspects for socio-economic development of the people of a region. Belagavi district is among the rapidly developing districts in Karnataka with respect to socio-economic and agricultural development. According to 2011 census, average literacy rate of Belagavi district (73.48%) is lower than the average literacy rate of Karnataka state (75.60%).(Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, 2011) This can be attributed to greater regional disparities throughout Belagavi district in literacy. In this paper, we present Provisional Population Totals of census 2001 and 2011 and examine the extent of literacy disparities at the taluk level. Here, we found that literacy rate in the study area was 64.21 % in 2001 which has increased to 73.48% in 2011. We also found that the urban literacy (85.56%) is significantly greater than the rural literacy (69.28%) which is concurrent to the wider gender disparities from the rural to the urban population

Enhanced Humidity Sensing Response in Eu³⁺-Doped Iron-Rich CuFe₂O₄: A Detailed Study of Structural, Microstructural, Sensing, and Dielectric Properties

The CuFe(2−x)EuxO4 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) nanoparticles are synthesized by solution combustion method. The influence of Eu3+ on the structural, morphological, dielectrical, and humidity sensing study is recorded. The XRD pattern peaks of the as-prepared CuFe(2−x)EuxO4 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) nanoparticle confirm the polycrystalline spinel cubic structure with a small amount of CuO impurity phase at 38.87° and 48.96°. Surface morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the nanoparticles, and their respective average grain size was estimated using Image software. Chemical composition of all prepared samples was analyzed by EDS spectra. The dielectric parameters of AC conductivity, electric modulus, and impedance of the samples were measured over a range of frequencies from 0.1 KHz to 1 MHz at room temperature. Europium-doped copper ferrite samples showed good humidity sensing response, response and recover times, and stability over a %RH range of 11–91%. These types of samples are very useful for sensor application, battery applications, electronic applications, and automotive applications