Trapping of three-dimensional electrons and transition to two-dimensional transport in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 under high pressure

[EN] This paper reports an experimental and theoretical investigation on the electronic structure of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) up to 9 GPa. The optical gap of Bi2Se3 increases from 0.17 eV at ambient pressure to 0.45 eV at 8 GPa. The quenching of the Burstein-Moss effect in degenerate samples and the shift of the free-carrier plasma frequency to lower energies reveal a quick decrease of the bulk three-dimensional (3D) electron concentration under pressure. On increasing pressure the behavior of Hall electron concentration and mobility depends on the sample thickness, consistently with a gradual transition from mainly 3D transport at ambient pressure to mainly two-dimensional (2D) transport at high pressure. Two-carrier transport equations confirm the trapping of high-mobility 3D electrons, an effect that can be related to a shallow-to-deep transformation of donor levels, associated with a change in the ordering of the conduction band minima. The high apparent areal density and low electron mobility of 2D electrons are not compatible with their expected properties in a Dirac cone. Measured transport parameters at high pressure are most probably affected by the presence of holes, either in an accumulation surface layer or as minority carriers in the bulk. ©2012 American Physical SocietyThis work has been done under financial support from Spanish MICINN under Grants No. MAT2008-06873-C02-02, No. MAT2007-66129, No. MAT2010-21270-C04-03/04, No. CSD2007-00045, and Prometeo No. GV2011/035. The supercomputer time has been provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and the MALTA cluster.Segura, A.; Panchal, V.; Sánchez-Royo, JF.; Marín-Borrás, V.; Muñoz-Sanjosé, V.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.... (2012). Trapping of three-dimensional electrons and transition to two-dimensional transport in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 under high pressure. 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Vórtices no estacionarios en un vaso de agua

¿Quién no ha experimentado la formación de un vórtice o de un remolino en un vaso cuando disuelve el cacao en la leche y le da vueltas con una cuchara? En este artículo, se analizan los aspectos mecánicos de los vórtices no estacionarios formados cuando se agita agua con una cuchara alrededor de un eje central en un vaso de precipitados cilíndrico. Se mostrará que el vórtice no estacionario formado después de agitar el agua con la cuchara es de tipo forzado y se comparará la dinámica del fluido de este vórtice no estacionario con los conocidos vórtices libres estacionarios y forzados y con el de la dinámica del vórtice aislado libre (también conocido como el vórtice de Oseen-Lamb). Mostraremos que la observación de la generación y del decaimiento del vórtice no estacionario en el recipiente cilíndrico del agua en rotación es un simple experimento que puede constituir una experiencia muy fructífera para el entendimiento de los aspectos cinemáticos, dinámicos, y estáticos de la rotación axisimétrica, radial, o torsional de un fluido homogéneo e incompresible

Cerebellar parcellation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

[EN] Objective: The cerebellum is involved in cognitive processing and emotion control. Cerebellar alterations could explain symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). In addition, literature suggests that lithium might influence cerebellar anatomy. Our aim was to study cerebellar anatomy in SZ and BD, and investigate the effect of lithium. Methods: Participants from 7 centers worldwide underwent a 3T MRI. We included 182 patients with SZ, 144 patients with BD, and 322 controls. We automatically segmented the cerebellum using the CERES pipeline. All outputs were visually inspected. Results: Patients with SZ showed a smaller global cerebellar gray matter volume compared to controls, with most of the changes located to the cognitive part of the cerebellum (Crus II and lobule VIIb). This decrease was present in the subgroup of patients with recent-onset SZ. We did not find any alterations in the cerebellum in patients with BD. However, patients medicated with lithium had a larger size of the anterior cerebellum, compared to patients not treated with lithium. Conclusion: Our multicenter study supports a distinct pattern of cerebellar alterations in SZ and BD.This study was supported by public funding from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11- IDEX-0004, ANR-11-INBS-006, ANR-14-CE35- 0035, ANR MNP VIP 2008), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB636/C6 and We3638/3-1), Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv¿ Ceske Republiky (NV16- 32696A and NV16-32791A), National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH076971) and Regione Veneto Italy (159/03, DGRV n. 4087).Laidi, C.; Hajeck, T.; Spaniel, F.; Kolenic, M.; D'albis, M.; Sarrazin, S.; Mangin, J.... (2019). Cerebellar parcellation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 140(5):468-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13087468476140

Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance

Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

International audienceThe current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance