PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FIVE LEVEL Z SOURCE NEUTRAL POINT CLAMPED MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING SPWM AND SVPWM

The scope of this paper is to reduce the harmonic content and to boost the output voltage by introducing an emerging technique termed as Z-Source multilevel inverter. The Z-Source inverter had overcome many drawbacks in traditional inverters (Voltage source & Current source Inverters).The main advantage of Z- Source inverter is the presence of a shoot through the period (Short circuit) which plays an important role in boosting the voltage. When the number of levels in the output voltage of multilevel inverter is increased then accordingly the harmonic content is also reduced. Normally for a multilevel inverter the output voltage is restricted to the summation of all the input voltage values.To enhance this feature Z-Source is introduced with a multilevel inverter to obtain boosted voltage along with low harmonic distortion.The proposed methodology analysis the Z-Source Neutral point clamped inverter using the Space vector modulation technique with MATLAB/Simulink model and the related parameters is analyzed

The relationship between monetary and non-monetary reward towards job satisfaction among workers

This purpose of the study is to investigate the monetary and non-monetary factor, which influences job satisfaction among employees in private sector. Job satisfaction can be explained as a worker’s evaluation on the level about the work atmosphere, which accomplishes an individual’s requirement. The objective to examine the relationship between monetary and non-monetary towards employee job satisfaction. The study involved 100 respondents from private industrial workers and staffs. The survey method was collected by using questionnaire to the employee who worked in the private companies which located in Klang Valley. This is a quantitative research hence the questionnaire was developed to analyze using “Statistical Package for Sosial”. There are two (2) types of techniques analysis has been adapted which is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis techniques. The purpose is to determine the relationship between independent variables which is rewards (Monetary reward and Non-monetary reward) and dependent variables (Job Satisfaction). This study had recognized that reward is one the factor that influences the job satisfaction. According to the findings, only one independent which is reward was focused. The relationship between job satisfaction and rewards (monetary and non-monetary) is significant. From the researcher point of view, the private sector organization management should not ignore this problems which lead to sudden fluctuation in the rate of satisfaction of the private sector workers and staffs. This study mainly focused an important role to identify variables contributing towards employees’ job satisfaction and also identified few steps to reduce the problem of turnover intention

Development of A Mathematical Model For Determining Temperature of A Lake Based on Climatic Variations and Its Validation Using Measured Data

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Relationship and Impact of Climatic Factors With Coastal Environmental Parameters (Water Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen) Due to Warm Water Discharge From A Proposed Power Plant

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey

Honey is a complex sweet food stuff with well-established antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It has been used for millennia in a variety of applications, but the most noteworthy include the treatment of surface wounds, burns and inflammation. A variety of substances in honey have been suggested as the key component to its antimicrobial potential; polyphenolic compounds, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and bee-defensin 1. These components vary greatly across honey samples due to botanical origin, geographical location and secretions from the bee. The use of medical grade honey in the treatment of surface wounds and burns has been seen to improve the healing process, reduce healing time, reduce scarring and prevent microbial contamination. Therefore, if medical grade honeys were to be included in clinical treatment, it would reduce the demand for antibiotic usage. In this review, we outline the constituents of honey and how they affect antibiotic potential in a clinical setting. By identifying the key components, we facilitate the development of an optimally antimicrobial honey by either synthetic or semisynthetic production methods

A Complexed Sol-Gel (CSG) Approach to High Surface Area (HSA) Durable Ultra Active Platinum-Ruthenium Electro-Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) is a promising power source for continuous generation of energy without evolution of any toxic by-products and greenhouse gases. Pt-Ru has been the accepted gold standard anode electro-catalyst for DMFC, but significant advances are required to enhance its performance and stability. A complexed sol-gel (CSG) approach has been used to develop nanostructured powder materials. Herein we report a novel CSG process to synthesize nanoparticulate high specific surface area (HSA), completely unsupported Pt(Ru) based electro-catalyst exhibiting three fold higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and ultra high electrochemical performance compared to commercially available Johnson Matthey Pt-Ru black catalyst, the currently accepted gold standard. Furthermore, in identical single full cell DMFC configuration tests for methanol oxidation, current and power densities ∼40% higher than that displayed by Johnson Matthey catalyst is achieved. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are ubiquitously known for efficient continuous energy and power generation with reduced greenhouse emissions. Commercialization of low cost PEMFCs have however been thwarted by inferior catalyst activity and stability hence limited by loading constraints. • C), has been considered for applications that require faster start-up times, and frequent starts and stops such as automotive applications, material handling equipment, and auxiliary backup power systems. 1-5 On the other hand, methanol-powered direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) are well suited for portable power applications in consumer electronic devices wherein the power requirements are low. 3-7 A significant fraction of the cost of DMFC and PEMFC arises from the use of precious metal catalysts hitherto platinum group-metal (PGM) catalysts currently used to accelerate electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. 3-8 For widespread commercialization of PEMFC and DMFCs, there is a critical need for continued advancements to minimize PGM loading or the development of equally performing non-PGM catalysts alternatives to reduce the cost. 3-10 The durability of catalysts is also a major issue under conditions of load-cycling in harsh corrosive environment. Mitigation of catalyst dissolution/degradation during operation of low and high-temperature fuel cells will certainly translate alone to higher performance leading to reduce costs. 3-11 Moreover, while addressing cost and durability, fuel cell performance and efficiency must also meet or exceed that of competing technologies (e.g. battery) to allow for market penetration and the benefits of this technology. In light of the current situation, it is of paramount importance to design and synthesize effective electro-catalysts with improved electrochemical activity, improved durability/stability, and significantly reduced precious metal loading to ultra-low levels exhibiting enhanced tolerance to air, fuel and system-derived impurities. To meet these tremendous constraints on performance and efficiency, durability and * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: [email protected] cost requirements of fuel cells, significant research has been conducted over the years focusing largely on identifying new materials, and developing novel design and fabrication methods for catalysts and supports. 3-13 Carbon monoxide generated during methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as it is the surface bound intermediate at low temperatures during DMFC operation further inevitably leads to poisoning of the platinum catalyst surface which reduces the catalytic activity of platinum thus causing it to become inactive if used by itself. In this context, a novel complexed sol-gel process (CSG) has been developed by our group to synthesize unsupported nanocrystalline PtRu based binary, ternary and quaternary solid solutions having high ESCA with excellent electrochemical activity and durable microstructure for the methanol oxidation reaction