Određivanje lerkanidipin hidroklorida u ljekovitim oblicima reakcijom nukleofilne supstitucije

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay of lercanidipine hydrochloride (LER) in bulk and in formulations. The method is based on the formation of coloured species between the drug and 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt (NQS) by means of nucleophilic substitution reaction. The absorbance was measured at max = 460. The method was analyzed statistically. The system obeyed the Beer’s law in the range 20100 g mL1. Molar absorptivity value was found to be 4.79 × 103 L mol1 cm1. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be as low as 0.04 and 0.13 g mL1. Precision (RSD, 0.4 %) and accuracy (recovery 99.2 ± 0.6 to 101.1 ± 0.8 %) of the developed method were evaluated.Razvijena je osjetljiva spektrofotometrijska metoda za određivanje lerkanidipin hidroklorida (LER) u čistoj tvari i ljekovitim oblicima. Metoda se temelji na stvaranju obojenih produkata između ljekovite tvari i natrijeve soli 1,2-naftakinon-4-sulfonske kiseline (NQS) reakcijom nukleofilne supstitucije. Apsorbancija je mjerena pri max = 460 nm. Metoda je obrađena statistički. Sistem je slijedio Beerov zakon u koncentracijskom području 20–100 g mL1. Molarni apsorpcijski koeficijent iznosio je 4,79 × 103 L mol1 cm1, granice detekcije i kvantifikacije 0,04, odnosno 0,13 g mL1. Nepreciznost i ispravnost metode iznosile su 0,4 % odnosno 99,2 ± 0,6 do 101,1 ± 0,8 %

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop a rapid, accurate, linear, sensitive and stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of nilotinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its four related substances.Methods: The RP-HPLC method was developed for the chromatographic separation of nilotinib and its impurities by using waters Xterra RP-18 (150*4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column with a mobile phase combination of 10 mM ammonium formate with pH-3.5 and acetonitrile in gradient mode. An injection volume of 20 µl. Flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried a wavelength of 250 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: The retention time for nilotinib and its four impurities were found to be 4.37, 7.40, 8.96, 10.21 and 10.87 min respectively. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed the good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.04-3.0 ppm for the nilotinib impurities. The % recovery of nilotinib impurities was found to be 96.8-99.4% in the linearity range. The detection limit (LOD) values were about 0.014, 0.016, 0.005 and 0.03 ppm respectively and the quantification limit (LOQ) values were 0.042, 0.048, 0.014 and 0.09 ppm respectively. The % degradation at various stress conditions like acid, alkaline, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress was found to be 8.92, 18.35,5.63, 0.88 and 3.89 respectively.Conclusion: The RP-HPLC method compatible with LC-MS was developed for the analysis of nilotinib and its four impurities. It was validated as per the ICH guidelines and found to be linear, robust, precise, accurate, sensitive, stability indicating and can be used for routine as well as stability analysis of capsule dosage forms as well as for drug substance

NATIVE NODE DETECTION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH MULTIPACKET PARTY

In wsn Neighbor discovery is one of the first steps in configuring and managing a wireless network. Most existing studies on neighbor discovery assume a single-packet reception model where only a single packet can be received successfully at a receiver. Neighbor discovery in MPR networks is studied that allow packets from multiple simultaneous transmitters to be received successfully at a receiver. Starting with a clique of n nodes, a simple Aloha-like algorithm is analyzed and show that it takes time to discover all neighbors with high probability when allowing up to k simultaneous transmissions. Two adaptive neighbor discovery algorithms is designed that dynamically adjust the transmission probability for each node. The adaptive algorithms yield improvement over the Aloha-like scheme for a clique with n nodes and are thus order-optimal

Prediction of Ligand Activity at Subcellular Location

Understanding subcellular distribution and the mechanism of xenobiotics can help in modulating subcellular dysfunction mediated diseases. Therefore, with improved knowledge of how xenobiotics are distributed across subcellular locations and the mechanism for a specific molecule can play a crucial role in assessing drug efficacy and toxicity. Such knowledge would widen therapeutic windows by allowing specific receptors to be targeted efficiently. Based on datasets that provide information on the subcellular locations of proteins and their ligands, we developed machine learning models for 42 subcellular locations. Such models were trained and validated based on the grid search method and best models based on Cohen’s Kappa scores were selected. With the help of the state-of-the-art supercomputing facilities provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center(TACC), we were able to develop a suite of more than 22300+ machine learning models. These machine learning models were built using 19 different fingerprints-based features for 42 different subcellular locations using 28 different ML classifiers. The web-application is available on an open portal and can be accessed at https://drugdiscovery.utep.edu/subcell/ by anyone in order to perform high-throughput cheminformatics simulations. All the data and models generated from the project are made available as open-source

Determination, Development and Validation of Method for Simultaneous AXITINIB Pharmaceutical Dosage form by a Reverse Phase HPLC

A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of AXITINIB dosage forms. Chromatographic separation is observed on a c18 packing column using mobile phase with a mixture of TEA -Acetonitrile (50:50) with detected at 254nm. Linearity was observed in the range 15-45 µg /ml for AXITINIB (r2 =0.997) for drug estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed method was validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. The current study indicated the absence of interference of commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was precise to be indicated by the repeatability analysis, by showing %RSD > 2. All statistical data proved the validity of the methods and used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form

Influence of Polysaccharide Krestin from Coriolus versicolor Extract on Nitrite and Malondialdehyde Concencentrations of Mus musculus Serum Exposed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major infection agent of tuberculosis that is controlled by the response of cell-mediated immunity. It is macrophages and cytolytic T lymphocytes. Activated macrophages will produce free radicals. Excessive free radicals cause tissue damage. Polysaccharide krestin contains β-glucan. It is a scavenger of free radicals. This research aimed to identify the influence of polysaccharide krestin from C. versicolor on nitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations of mice serum exposed by M. tuberculosis. Nitrite concentration was determined by nitrite assay. Malondialdehyde concentration was determined by TBARS assay. The result showed that adding polysaccharide krestin before exposure (P1) and adding polysaccharide krestin before-after exposure (P3) had the best potential to decrease nitrite concentration. Nitrite concentrations of P1 and P3 were 1.364 ± 0.523 M and 1.456 ± 0.712 M respectively. Meanwhile, P1 group and adding polysaccharide krestin after exposure (P2) had the best potential to decrease malondialdehyde concentration. Malondialdehyde concentrations of P1 and P2 were 1125.86 ± 97.96 µM and 953.86 ± 328.16 µM respectively. Their nitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations decreased, compared to K and K- groups. The research conclusion was that adding polysaccharide krestin before exposure could decrease both nitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations.How to CiteWahyuningsih, S., Pramudya, M., &amp; Sugiharto, S. (2016). Influence of Polysaccharide Krestin from Coriolus versicolor Extract on Nitrite and Malondialdehyde Concencentrations of Mus musculus Serum Exposed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education, 8(1), 12-17.</p

Effects of in vitro exposure of mercury on sperm quality and fertility of tropicalfish Cyprinus carpio L.

Mercury is a widespread aquatic pollutant that adversely affects the reproductive system of male fish. Although the effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl) on the testicular structure, the sperm count and altered sperm morphology of fish have been investigated, the effects on sperm quality and fertilization are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HgCl 2 2 exposure in different concentrations (0; 0.5; 1; 2.5; 5 ppm) on sperm parameters and fertility of male Cyprinus carpio. Sperm quality parameters, including mass and individual time of sperm motility (s), and viability (%) were measured using digital inverted microscopy. The fertilization (%) was measured by counting the number of fertilized eggs. Integrity or DNA fragmentation (%) was measured by Acridine orange test (AOT) using fluorescence microscopy. The change of sperm membrane surface was examined using scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the in vitro exposure of mercury could signif-icantly decrease some parameters of fish sperm qualities, i.e. decreased the time for mass and individual motility, viability, DNA fragmentation, and fertilization ability (P < 0.05) and significantly increase the malondialdehyde levels of sperm (P < 0.05). In addition, Hg exposure altered the morphological structure of the sperm head and interfered with the development of embryos in fish eggs

EARTH QUAKE PROGNOSTICATION USING DATA MINING AND CURVE FITTING TECHNIQUES

The title “EARTHQUAKE PROGNOSTICATION” is a Global Earthquake prediction, that is used to predict that an earthquake of a specific magnitude will occur in a particular place at a particular time, we however cannot tell the exact time and date the earthquake is going to occur but we can well predict that an earthquake will affect a given location over a certain number of years. The “Gutenberg Richter power-law distribution of earthquake sizes” implies that the largest events are surrounded by a large number of small events, with this statement we collected the data sets of all the EARTHQUAKES of magnitude ranging from small to big since 1900 to 2010 all over the world. After collecting this data we performed clustering techniques to the datasets available with latitude, longitude and time as parameters, which helped to find similarities between them and discovered patterns using non-linear regression functions that helped to forecast earthquakes. This prediction is based on both the historical seismic catalogue and the structural zoning

Supplementary feed potential on histology and immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) exposed to microplastics

Polyester microplastics (PS) are toxic and hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem that can induce stress. Disposing PS articles into the environment can negatively impact health of aquatic biota, including fish. This study aimed to investigate the potential of probiotics or vitamin C supplementation in improving the histological structure of organs and cytokine secretion in tilapia fish exposed to PS. Thirty-six tilapia were divided into 12 groups consisting of treatment groups (four PS concentration variations: 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). Each treatment was given three types of feed: Commercial feed alone, commercial feed containing probiotics (200 mL/kg), and commercial feed containing vitamin C (100 mg/kg). The study had a sample size of n=3. After treatment was completed, all parameters were measured. The result showed that the addition of probiotics and vitamin C could decrease TNF-α levels and increase IFN-γ levels. Probiotics and vitamin C prevent healthy cells to be damaged by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The percentage of normal hepatocytes increased significantly in all treatment groups with the addition of probiotics or vitamin C. Furthermore, the percentage of hepatocytes with swelling and necrosis decreased significantly in treatment groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, villi height, lamina propria width, submucosa height, and the number of goblet cells all increased significantly in all treatment groups with the administration of probiotics or vitamin C (p < 0.05). Overall, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have the potential to maintain fish health. Vitamin C exhibits a greater potential than probiotics in regulating immune responses. Meanwhile, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have potential to inhibit damage to the hepatic and intestine structures of fish exposed to PS