Come interpretare il Principio del danno

In this article I will analyse seven types of harms, which can be relevant or irrelevant for the justification of the use of criminal coercion. This conceptual operation is important to solve a fundamental problem, relative to the validity of the Offence Principle according to the liberal ethic

Teorie della coercizione, antipaternalismo e autonomia contrattuale

In this article, I will examine the relations between antipaternalism and coercion theories. According to antipaternalism over himself, over his body and mind, the individual is sovereign, but if his actions are rational and free of coercion. Secondly, I will clarify if the so called unconscionability doctrine about contract law is antipaternalistic or not

Das MaGI-Projekt: Elektronische Katalogisierung der griechischen Handschriften Italiens

Größere und kleinere italienische Bibliotheken bewahren ca. 6500 griechische Handschriften. Dazu kommen ca. 4700 Bände der Vatikanischen Bibliothek. Diese Zahlen beruhen auf reinen Schätzungen, weil neuzeitliche Handschriften, in Archiven aufbewahrte Codices und insbesondere die Zahl der wirklich kodikologischen (also nicht nachträglich buchbinderischen) Einheiten unbekannt ist. Das griechische Handschriftenerbe Italiens muss in Umfang und Inhalt also noch genauer bestimmt werden, was jedoch durch das Fehlen angemessener Bestandsnachweise erschwert wird. Diesen Problemen will ein Langzeitprojekt abhelfen, das eine umfassende elektronische Katalogisierung und – zumindest teilweise – Digitalisierung aller griechischen Handschriften in italienischen Bibliotheken zum Ziel hat. Die Arbeit erfolgt dabei ›offen‹ und ›kollaborativ‹ mit Hilfe einer Software, auf der auch das Katalogisierungsprojekt der ›Nuova Biblioteca Manoscritta‹ beruht das seit 2003 die Katalogisierung der mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Handschriften der Region Venezien betreibt. Diese Software kann einfach für die Katalogisierung von Handschriften unterschiedlicher kultureller Herkunft angepasst werden und ist mit dem vom Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico gepflegten Standard ›Manus‹ kompatibel. Die Ergebnisse der Katalogisierung werden den Forschern frei zur Verfügung stehen und können für paläographische, kodikologische, kunsthistorische und philologische Forschungen an den beschriebenen Handschriften benutzt werden. Da vergleichbare nationale oder internationale Projekte zu byzantinischen Handschriften fehlen, wird ›MaGI‹ auch neue Referenzwerke zur Handschriftenbeschreibung erarbeiten und bereitstellen: Thesauri für Autorennamen und Buchtitel der griechischen Klassik und der byzantinischen Zeit. Diese werden sowohl für die Katalogisierung von Handschriften als auch von Drucken in diesem Feld dienen können

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Burnout Prevalence and Profile in the Sicilian Population of Ambulance Driver-Rescuers

Introduction: Burnout is present at a high rate in emergency medicine. The ambulance driver-rescuers, who furnish first aid to the victims, are the non-medical part of the Italian 118-service staff. There is a lack of research on burnout risk in Italian Emergency Medical Services and, particularly, for this category of workers. The two Italian studies, including a little group of ambulance driver-rescuers, reported inconsistent findings. Hypothesis: This survey investigated for the first time the prevalence and exact profile of burnout in a large sample of Italian driver-rescuers. As a secondary aim, the study described how the items of the Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) cluster in components in this sample. Methods: This cross-sectional census survey was conducted from June 2015 through May 2016 and involved all the driver-rescuers operating in Sicily, the biggest and most southern region of Italy. The subjects received a classification according to different profiles of burnout by using the Italian version of the MBI-HSS (burnout, engagement, disengagement, over-extension, and work-inefficacy). In order to explore the existence of independent factors, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the survey to obtain eigenvalues >one for each component in the data. Results: The final sample comprised 2,361 responders (96.6% of the initial sample). Of them, 29.8% were in burnout (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.8% to 31.8%) and 1.7% presented a severe form (95% CI, 1.1% to 2.3%); 30.0% were engaged in their work (95% CI, 21.0% to 34.8%), 24.7% of responders were disengaged (95% CI, 22.9% to 26.5%), 1.2% presented an over-extension profile (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.7%), and 12.6% felt work-inefficacy (95% CI, 11.3% to 14.1%). The factors loaded into a five-factor solution at PCA, explaining 48.1% of the variance and partially replicating the three-factor structure. The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) component was confirmed. New dimensions from Personal Accomplishment (PA) and Depersonalization (DP) sub-scales described empathy and disengagement with patients, respectively, and were responsible for the increased risk of burnout. Conclusions: These results endorse the importance of screening and psychological interventions for this population of emergency workers, where burnout could manifest itself more insidiously. It is also possible to speculate that sub-optimal empathy skills could be related to the disengagement and work-inefficacy feelings registered

IMPATTO DELLA CHIMICA NELLA VITA QUOTIDIANA: UN PROGETTO DEL NETWORK EC2E2N 2

Il progetto si pone come obiettivo la realizzazione di “Studi di Caso”, esemplificativi in aree in cui la Chimica ha un ruolo determinante e che dimostrino l’impatto di questa scienza nella vita quotidiana. Gli esempi scelti, dovranno essere specifici, attraenti e interessanti anche per un pubblico privo di basi scientifiche. Inoltre, si realizzeranno un certo numero di quesiti online, attraverso i quali il pubblico potrà anche valutare la propria consapevolezza di tale impatto

Borderline personality in patients with poly-diagnoses treated for a Bipolar Disorder

Some patients with dysphoria, explosive behaviour, or suicidal ideation, may receive a diagnosis of, and treatment for Bipolar Disorder (BD) and, not infrequently. The coexistence of these two diagnoses has been explained in different ways. Some authors include the BPD in the bipolar spectrum; others are sceptical about the existence of real comorbidity, suggesting a misdiagnosis. This study aimed to assess the personality of this group of poly-diagnosed patients (PolyD) and hypothesised they had a pathological borderline organisation. Via the administration of the Schedler Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200), we compared PolyD patients with those suffering from BPD or BD only. We performed two different MANCOVAs to test PolyD, BPD and BD patients' differences in PD-factors, Q-traits and age. The sample comprised 45 patients (Mean age=43.3, SD=15.7; Females 57.7%, N=26). BD patients (N=15) did not present any personality disorder, they had a higher functioning and Obsessive Q-traits, and a lower Histrionic PD-factor than both PolyD (N=20) and BPD (N=10) patients. Compared to PolyD patients, BD had inferior PD-Borderline, PD-Antisocial factor and Dependent-Masochistic Q-traits, but there were no other differences with BPD patients. PolyD did not differ from BPD patients in any of the PD-factors and Q-traits. Our results suggest that PolyD patients are different from BD patients and propose to consider the pathological borderline personality as a central core of their disease

LA SCUOLA SPAIS: RICERCA SCIENTIFICA E DIDATTICA DELLE SCIENZE IN UN CONTESTO MULTIDISCIPLINARE

SPAIS si pone come obiettivo l’individuazione e il conseguente approfondimento delle conoscenze di base che sono necessarie nel campo della chimica, della fisica e delle scienze biologiche e naturali per comprendere e comunicare i contenuti fondamentali della moderna ricerca scientifica e tecnologica. L’edizione 2013 sul tema “ScientificaMente – le Neuroscienze” viene qui presentata evidenziandone particolarmente le implicazioni nella didattica della Chimic

Psychological assessment in pathological gamblers treated with escitalopram

Pathological Gambling (PG) is classified as a "Disorder of Impulse Control", but due to similarities with drug addiction is frequently described as a drug-free addiction (Potenza et al., 2012). PG is conceptualized as a behavioural addiction because of its neurobiologic, neurophysiologic and psychological features. Current therapeutical approaches seem unsatisfactory as they do not achieve definitive positive outcomes. Considering the well known psycopathological comorbidities, PG represents both a social (impact on relatives money/life) and a sanitary cost, in terms of pharmacological and psychological support. The compulsive behaviour detectable in PG, is a disease with neurophysiopathological basis now fairly well-defined which affects particularly vulnerable people. PG is linked to important changes in brain systems such as the prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens, the endogenous opioid system and the extended amygdale. Recent fMRI studies associate PG with blunted mesolimbic activation to non-specific rewards, whereas increased prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate and ventral striatum activation is observed during gambling-related cue-exposure paradigms. Several neuropsychological studies show higher impulsivity in PG (Odlaug BL. et al., 2013) that, together with specific psychopathological symptoms, such as anxiety and depressed mood, characterize different PG subtypes (Blaszczynski A, Nower L. 2002). Impulsivity transcends multiple psychiatric disorders and is thought to be central to impulse control disorders such as PG. Furthermore, many PGs suffers from depression and decreased mood

Long-term subjective outcomes of barbed reposition pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treatment

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term subjective outcomes of barbed reposition pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) treatment using a specific questionnaire, the Palate Postoperative Problem Score (PPOPS). Methods: 140 patients who underwent barbed reposition pharyngoplasty (BRP) surgery in the Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital of Forlì, Italy were enrolled in the study. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated in a short- and long-term follow-up using the PPOPS questionnaire. The average period of follow-up was 26 months. All patients received the PPOPS questionnaire by telephone in a period between April and August 2019. Results: 51% of patients complained of swallowing problems after surgery. In 91% of cases, the problem cleared up spontaneously. At the time of the interview, only 9% of patients had a residual swallowing difficult. At the time of PPOPS evaluation, rhinolalia was observed in 8% of patients, whereas nose regurgitation was present in 2% of patients. In 20% of patients, the foreign body sensation was present during follow-up. The value of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduced from the preoperative value of 31.5 to the postoperative value of 11.4. Conclusions: BRP surgery proved to be an effective technique, appreciated by the majority of patients. Use of the PPOPS questionnaire has demonstrated that the BRP technique seems to ensure efficacy and lower morbidity, with few complications after surgery