Pompei da “scoperta” a luogo comune

The relationship between Pompeii and the Voyage Picturesque appears as something important and unique in many respects. As a matter of fact, the large space dedicated to Pompeii in the second volume of the book in terms of text and pictures, represents a very important stage in the dissemination of Pompeian archeology, and in the description of a site that had not yet acquired the same reputation as Herculaneum, filling a gap which had been noted by scholars. The book by Saint-Non, far in advance of the success of the site of Pompeii, suggests and certifies its relevance not only in documenting the excavations in their contemporary consistency, but ideally reconstructing the site in antiquity, greatly contributing to the construction of a powerful imagery.Il rapporto tra Pompei e il Voyage pittoresque si configura come qualcosa di importante e per molti aspetti singolare. Infatti, l’ampio spazio dedicato a Pompei nel secondo tomo del Voyage, tra testo e immagini, nel colmare una lacuna avvertita dagli eruditi, rappresenta un’importantissima tappa nella divulgazione dell’archeologia pompeiana, e nella notorietà di un sito che non ha ancora acquisito la medesima rinomanza di Ercolano. Il volume del Saint-Non, in largo anticipo sulla fortuna del sito di Pompei, ne suggerisce e ne attesta la rilevanza non limitandosi a documentare gli scavi nella loro consistenza contemporanea, ma ricostruendo idealmente il sito nell’antichità, contribuendo non poco alla costruzione di un potente immaginario

La Campania del Voyage pittoresque

Beyond its apparent compactness, the book authored by Saint-Non hides a complex plot: under the meticulous and tenacious direction of the French inventor and financier, it represents a collecting work, embodying multiple intellectual contributions, being generally non-homogeneous neither from a cultural nor from an artistic point of view. Also in relation to Campania, whose literature and iconography play a fundamental role in the book, it shows a decidedly ambiguous shape: while on the one hand it shows totally new “discoveries”, offering definitely and decidedly unpublished glimpses in literary and visual terms, at the same time it rehashes ideas, notes and even some ‘prejudices’ of others, retrieving second hand images and notations.  While the text intends to assume the literary form of a travel diary in all its immediacy, or of an account “in direct contact” with the places travelled and narrated, at times it takes on the shape of a compendium of learned knowledge.Al di là della sua apparente compattezza, il volume del Saint-Non cela una trama complessa: sotto la meticolosa e tenace regia dell’ideatore e finanziatore, rappresenta un’opera collettiva che accoglie plurimi contributi intellettuali e non particolarmente omogenei né dal punto di vista culturale né tanto meno da quello artistico. Anche in relazione alla Campania, rispetto alla cui letteratura e alla cui iconografia assume un ruolo fondamentale, si mostra decisamente ambiguo: mentre per un verso propone assolute “scoperte”, offrendo in termini letterari e visivi sguardi decisamente assolutamente inediti, al contempo rimacina idee, notizie e anche un po’ pregiudizi altrui, rimettendo in circolo immagini e notazioni di seconda mano; mentre intende assumere in tutta la sua immediatezza la formula letteraria del diario di viaggio, del racconto “in presa diretta” dei luoghi attraversati e narrati, per altro verso a tratti si trasforma in una summa di plurimi saperi eruditi

La Mostra d’Oltremare nella Napoli occidentale

The present work was born with a twofold objective: to go deeper into the knowledge of an urban landmark and, at the same time, to outline a future scenario aligned to its value, starting from a proper recovery of the multiform and valuable architecture that compose it. The deepening arises from the need to study multiple actions and themes: to examine the background project of the Mostra d'Oltremare identified in the new studies, not only in the city debate on a suitable space for exhibitions to be preferably located to the west, but also in authorial preliminary solutions, until now unknown, which have conditioned the final conformation; to highlight the specificity of the single elements of the complex, the survived and the disappeared ones, without limiting the study to the best known and most celebrated cases, but also to the less investigated and difficult to interpret ones, without neglecting the open spaces and the green areas; to deepen also those architectures that cannot be interpreted in the line of modernity but equally emblematic of that phase, therefore worthy of preservation; not limiting attention to the heroic, albeit debatable, phase of the first foundation, but analyzing with the same acumen the subsequent ones, starting with the problematic reconstruction and redefinition of the post-war period; not stopping at the systematic reconnaissance of indirect sources that have not been investigated until now - from the many archives, not only on a city but also on a national scale, to the newspapers and the press of the time - but questioning the same material consistency of the buildings with a scientific method; finally, not focusing only on the past and on the history of the Exhibition and of the single architectures, but projecting it into the future by identifying the best strategies of recovery, restoration and preservation.illustratorIl presente lavoro nasce con un duplice obiettivo: andare più a fondo nella conoscenza di un caposaldo urbano e al tempo stesso contribuire a delineare per esso uno scenario futuro adeguato al suo valore, a partire da un corretto recupero delle multiformi e pregiate architetture che lo compongono. La necessità di approfondimento ha riguardato azioni e temi plurimi: esaminare il retroterra del progetto della Mostra d’Oltremare, individuato nei nuovi studi non soltanto nel dibattito cittadino su un adeguato spazio per le esposizioni da collocarsi preferibilmente ad occidente, ma anche in interessanti e autoriali soluzioni preliminari, finora sconosciute, che hanno condizionato la conformazione definitiva; mettere in luce la specificità dei singoli elementi del complesso, sopravvissuti o scomparsi, senza limitarsi ai casi più noti e celebrati, ma anche a quelli meno indagati e più difficili da interpretare, senza trascurare gli spazi aperti e il verde; approfondire anche quelle architetture non interpretabili nella linea della modernità, e tuttavia ugualmente emblematiche di quella fase, per cui meritevoli di conservazione; non limitare l’attenzione alla fase eroica, ancorché discutibile, della prima fondazione, ma analizzare con la medesima acribia anche quelle successive, a partire dalla problematica ricostruzione e risignificazione del Dopoguerra; non arrestarsi alla pur vasta ricognizione sistematica di fonti indirette finora non indagate – dai tanti archivi, a scala non solo cittadina ma nazionale, ai quotidiani e alla stampa coeva – ma interrogare con metodo scientifico le stesse consistenze materiali degli edifici; infine, non direzionare lo sguardo solo sul passato e sulla storia della Mostra e delle singole architetture, ma proiettarlo sul futuro individuando le migliori strategie di recupero, restauro e conservazione

Idee per la città nell'Italia che cambia

La rigenerazione urbana a Napoli può diventare una politica integrata di ricomposizione dei divari, di riequilibrio delle diseguaglianze, spazializzate nei grandi quartieri della residenza pubblica, nelle periferie che attraversano il corpo della città. L’università come volano di sviluppo urbano e come produttore di “terza missione” svolge il ruolo privilegiato di public engagement, di attivazione dei processi di interazione sociale, di ascolto delle comunità, di accompagnamento delle strategie solidali a sostegno dei soggetti socialmente più vulnerabili. Il caso dell’insegnamento universitario nel carcere è un paradigma in tale direzione

Characteristics of people living in Italy after a cancer diagnosis in 2010 and projections to 2020

BACKGROUND: Estimates of cancer prevalence are widely based on limited duration, often including patients living after a cancer diagnosis made in the previous 5 years and less frequently on complete prevalence (i.e., including all patients regardless of the time elapsed since diagnosis). This study aims to provide estimates of complete cancer prevalence in Italy by sex, age, and time since diagnosis for all cancers combined, and for selected cancer types. Projections were made up to 2020, overall and by time since diagnosis. METHODS: Data were from 27 Italian population-based cancer registries, covering 32% of the Italian population, able to provide at least 7 years of registration as of December 2009 and follow-up of vital status as of December 2013. The data were used to compute the limited-duration prevalence, in order to estimate the complete prevalence by means of the COMPREV software. RESULTS: In 2010, 2,637,975 persons were estimated to live in Italy after a cancer diagnosis, 1.2 million men and 1.4 million women, or 4.6% of the Italian population. A quarter of male prevalent cases had prostate cancer (n\u2009=\u2009305,044), while 42% of prevalent women had breast cancer (n\u2009=\u2009604,841). More than 1.5 million people (2.7% of Italians) were alive since 5 or more years after diagnosis and 20% since 6515 years. It is projected that, in 2020 in Italy, there will be 3.6 million prevalent cancer cases (+\u200937% vs 2010). The largest 10-year increases are foreseen for prostate (+\u200985%) and for thyroid cancers (+\u200979%), and for long-term survivors diagnosed since 20 or more years (+\u200945%). Among the population aged 6575 years, 22% will have had a previous cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The number of persons living after a cancer diagnosis is estimated to rise of approximately 3% per year in Italy. The availability of detailed estimates and projections of the complete prevalence are intended to help the implementation of guidelines aimed to enhance the long-term follow-up of cancer survivors and to contribute their rehabilitation need

breast screening axillary lymph node status of interval cancers by interval year

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether the excess risk of axillary lymph node metastases (N+) differs between interval breast cancers arising shortly after a negative mammography and those presenting later. In a registry-based series of pT1a–pT3 breast carcinoma patients aged 50–74years from the Italian screening programmes, the odds ratio (OR) for interval cancers ( n =791) versus the screen-detected (SD) cancers ( n =1211) having N+ was modelled using forward stepwise logistic regression analysis. The interscreening interval was divided into 1–12, 13–18, and 19–24months. The prevalence of N+ was 28% among SD cancers. With a prevalence of 38%, 42%, and 44%, the adjusted (demographics and N staging technique) OR of N+ for cancers diagnosed between 1–12, 13–18, and 19–24months of interval was 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.87), 1.74 (1.31–2.31), and 1.91 (1.43–2.54), respectively. Histologic type, tumour grade, and tumour size were entered in turn into the model. Histologic type had modest effects. With adjustment for tumour grade, the ORs decreased to 1.23 (0.92–1.65), 1.58 (1.18–2.12), and 1.73 (1.29–2.32). Adjusting for tumour size decreased the ORs to 0.95 (0.70–1.29), 1.34 (0.99–1.81), and 1.37 (1.01–1.85). The strength of confounding by tumour size suggested that the excess risk of N+ for first-year interval cancers reflected only their higher chronological age, whereas the increased aggressiveness of second-year interval cancers was partly accounted for by intrinsic biological attributes

Estimate of overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography after adjustment for lead time. A service screening study in Italy

INTRODUCTION: Excess of incidence rates is the expected consequence of service screening. The aim of this paper is to estimate the quota attributable to overdiagnosis in the breast cancer screening programmes in Northern and Central Italy. METHODS: All patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 50 and 74 years who were resident in screening areas in the six years before and five years after the start of the screening programme were included. We calculated a corrected-for-lead-time number of observed cases for each calendar year. The number of observed incident cases was reduced by the number of screen-detected cases in that year and incremented by the estimated number of screen-detected cases that would have arisen clinically in that year. RESULTS: In total we included 13,519 and 13,999 breast cancer cases diagnosed in the pre-screening and screening years, respectively. In total, the excess ratio of observed to predicted in situ and invasive cases was 36.2%. After correction for lead time the excess ratio was 4.6% (95% confidence interval 2 to 7%) and for invasive cases only it was 3.2% (95% confidence interval 1 to 6%). CONCLUSION: The remaining excess of cancers after individual correction for lead time was lower than 5%

Trends in Net Survival from Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Italy (1990–2015)

Objective: In many Western countries, survival from vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) has been stagnating for decades or has increased insufficiently from a clinical perspective. In Italy, previous studies on cancer survival have not taken vulvar cancer into consideration or have pooled patients with vulvar and vaginal cancer. To bridge this knowledge gap, we report the trend in survival from vulvar cancer between 1990 and 2015. (2) Methods: Thirty-eight local cancer registries covering 49% of the national female population contributed the records of 6274 patients. Study endpoints included 1- and 2-year net survival (NS) calculated using the Pohar-Perme estimator and 5-year NS conditional on having survived two years (5|2-year CNS). The significance of survival trends was assessed with the Wald test on the coefficient of the period of diagnosis, entered as a continuous regressor in a Poisson regression model. (3) Results: The median patient age was stable at 76 years. One-year NS decreased from 83.9% in 1990–2001 to 81.9% in 2009–2015 and 2-year NS from 72.2% to 70.5%. Five|2-year CNS increased from 85.7% to 86.7%. These trends were not significant. In the age stratum 70–79 years, a weakly significant decrease in 2-year NS from 71.4% to 65.7% occurred. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age group at diagnosis and geographic area showed an excess risk of death at 5|2-years, of borderline significance, in 2003–2015 versus 1990–2002. (4) Conclusions: One- and 2-year NS and 5|2-year CNS showed no improvements. Current strategies for VSCC control need to be revised both in Italy and at the global level