Iraqi Prisoners in Norway: Educational Background, Participation, Preferences and Barriers to Education

The article aimed to develop knowledge of the educational background, participation and preferences of Iraqi prisoners in Norwegian prisons and obstacles to participating in education. The study is based on interviews with 17 prisoners in three prisons. An important finding is that war and political unrest appear to have been significant causes for respondents to leaving education at various stages. As a result only half of them have as much as one final exam and only three respondents have a certificate of education. Even if the respondents want an education while in prison, and although education is offered in all prisons there is a lack of information about educational opportunities in an understandable language and long waiting time for a place at school. An implication of the study is that the criminal administration system and the educational authorities must take into account the multicultural reality by facilitating education and training offers accordingly

Ethnic Discrimination in Germany's Labour Market: A Field Experiment

This paper studies ethnic discrimination in Germany's labour market with a correspondence test. To each of 528 advertisements for student internships we send two similar applications, one with a Turkish-sounding and one with a German-sounding name. A German name raises the average probability of a callback by about 14 percent. Differential treatment is particularly strong and significant at smaller firms at which the applicant with the German name receives 24 percent more callbacks. Discrimination disappears when we restrict our sample to applications including reference letters which contain favourable information about the candidate’s personality. We interpret this finding as evidence for statistical discrimination.correspondence test, hiring discrimination, ethnic discrimination

Devonian Sandstone Lithostratigraphy, Northern Arkansas

Two areas of Devonian sandstone development may be recognized in northern Arkansas. In northwestern Arkansas, the Clifty Formation comprises a massively bedded, super mature quartz arenite of Middle Devonian age overlain by thinner bedded, phosphatic quartz arenite and chert breccia of the Sylamore Sandstone Member, Chattanooga Shale (Upper Devonian). This sequence overlies Ordovician strata (Powell or Everton) and is succeeded by the Chattanooga Shale and strata of Lower Mississippian age. In north-central Arkansas, the Clifty Formation is absent and the Chattanooga Shale may develop sandstone at its base and top. Occasionally the Chattanooga Shale is absent and the entire interval may be Upper Devonian sandstone. These Upper Devonian sandstones are phosphatic, mature quartz arenites referred to the Sylamore Member except where they overlie the Chattanooga Shale. In these cases, the sandstone is recognized as an informal upper member of the Chattanooga. Reports of Lower Mississippian Sylamore Sandstone in north-central Arkansas are regarded as misidentification of the Bachelor Formation (Middle Kinderhookian

A Computer Program for Population Analysis

A computer program for population analysis has been developed that is simply written, but relatively sophisticated. It consists of three parts: computation and tabulation of data, statistical analysis and plotting. The program can be understood readily by computation center personnel and requires a minimum of modification for use in most facilities. Once the program is instituted, an instructor need only have knowledge of the format requirements to use it. Lack of a programming background need not prevent an instructor from using the computer for population analysis

Lower Mississippian Lithostratigraphy, Northern Arkansas

Lower Mississippian lithostratigraphic units in northern Arkansas are (ascending order) the Bachelor, St. Joe, and Boone Formations. These formations disconformably overlie Middle Ordovician to Upper Devonian strata and are overlain disconformably by Meramecan or Chesterian strata. The Bachelor Formation is generally a thin (less than 0.3 m), persistent, orthoquartzitic sandstone with common to abundant phosphatic pebbles overlain by a green silty shale. In northwestern Arkansas, the Bachelor Formation commonly lacks sandstone. The Bachelor Formation has been confused previously with the Sylamore (Upper Devonian) and older sandstone units. Although commonly regarded as a member of the Boone Formation, the St. Joe Limestone should be raised to formation rank in accordance with the earlier proposal of Cline (1934). The St. Joe Limestone in northwestern Arkansas can be subdivided into (ascending order) the Compton, Northview, and Pierson Members which are recognized as formations in Missouri. In the type region, northcentral Arkansas, subdivision of the St. Joe is precluded by lack of the shaly Northview Member. A marked color change from gray to red from northwestern to northcentral Arkansas is accompanied by a general increase in the allochemical constituents. The St. Joe Boone boundary is taken to be at the first persistent chert. This contact generally coincides with a thin calcareous shale unit and a marked decrease in carbonate grain size

The Relationship Between Prisoners’ Academic Self-efficacy and Participation in Education, Previous Convictions, Sentence Length, and Portion of Sentence Served

Prison education is an important aspect of adult education. The study investigated current participation in prison education, as well as previous convictions, sentence length, and the portion of sentence served as predictors of academic self-efficacy. Survey data derived from prisoners in all Norwegian prisons provided the empirical evidences for the analyses. A principal component analysis of a 40-item academic self-efficacy questionnaire revealed self-efficacy components in literacy, mathematics, ICT, and self-regulated learning. Educational participation had a positive influence on self-efficacy in both mathematics and self-regulated learning. Participants who reported no previous conviction scored higher than others did on self-efficacy in mathematics, self-regulated learning, and ICT. Furthermore, the results showed that perceived efficacy in ICT decreased with longer sentence length. Portion of sentence served was not significantly related to any of the four self-efficacy components. The findings are discussed with reference to a need for mastery experiences in prison and implications for policy and practic

Symptoms of ADHD are related to education and work experience among incarcerated adults

Several reports document increased prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and similar symptoms in incarcerated members of the community, but little is known about how the symptoms are related to education and work experience. An ongoing study among Norwegian inmates reveals that 60 % report signs of ADHD. In the present study a sample of 600 inmates incarcerated in Norway filled out a questionnaire including the WURS-k (Wender Utah Rating Scale, short form) and questions to survey completed education level and work experience. A clear relationship was found between the WURS-k score and earlier job-experience, with increased probability of ADHD with work experience from low socio-economic status jobs. The scale was also found to share variance with the inmates’ reported education history, as higher education reduces the probability of ADHD among the incarcerated adults. Thus, the WURS-k could be a useful screening instrument in education assessment among inmates. The link between the present findings and development of anti-social behaviour is discussed

Open Set Logo Detection and Retrieval

Current logo retrieval research focuses on closed set scenarios. We argue that the logo domain is too large for this strategy and requires an open set approach. To foster research in this direction, a large-scale logo dataset, called Logos in the Wild, is collected and released to the public. A typical open set logo retrieval application is, for example, assessing the effectiveness of advertisement in sports event broadcasts. Given a query sample in shape of a logo image, the task is to find all further occurrences of this logo in a set of images or videos. Currently, common logo retrieval approaches are unsuitable for this task because of their closed world assumption. Thus, an open set logo retrieval method is proposed in this work which allows searching for previously unseen logos by a single query sample. A two stage concept with separate logo detection and comparison is proposed where both modules are based on task specific CNNs. If trained with the Logos in the Wild data, significant performance improvements are observed, especially compared with state-of-the-art closed set approaches.Comment: accepted at VISAPP 201

Nosemosis disease of honey bees

Nozemoza je kozmopolitski rasprostranjena nametnička bolest koji uzrokuju vrste roda Nosema. Donedavno ih se svrstavalo u skupinu praživotinja, no novija taksonomska istraživanja su otkrila da su bliži carstvu gljiva. Nozemozu medonosne pčele (Apis mellifera) uzrokuju dvije vrste: Nosema apis i Nosema ceranae. One parazitiraju u epitelnim stanicama tankog crijeva, a rasprostranjuju se specifično građenim sporama. Vrsta Nosema apis otkrivena je 1907. no sama bolest na području Europe poznata je i od prije (Broz, 1904.). Kontinuirana istraživanja koja se provode na pčelama u novije vrijeme otkrila su da je vrsta Nosema ceranae sa svog domadara iz Azije, Azijske medonosne pčele, prešla na Europsku medonosnu pčelu i proširila se po cijelom svijetu. Zbog iznesenih činjenica može se reći da je vrsta N. ceranae zapravo invazivna vrsta. Ispitivanja ove bolesti i njenih uzročnika potrebno je još provoditi jer sa velikom vjerojatnošću možemo kazati da je ona jedan od glavnih razloga masovnog nestajanja pčelinjih zajednica.Nosemosis is a worldwide spread parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Nosema. Until recently, they where classified in a group of protozoa, but latest taxonomic studies have revealed that they are closer to the realm of fungi. Nosemosis is caused by two species: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. They are parasites on the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and are distribuited by specific spores. Nosema apis was first discovered in 1907. but the disease itself was observed even sooner (Broz, 1904.). Continuous research carried out on the bees in recent years revealed Nosema ceranae moved from its Asian carrier, Asian honeybee, to the European honeybee and spread throught the world. Due to the presented facts it can be said that Nosema ceranae is actually an invasive species. Future research of Nosemosis is important to implement because with high probability we can say that it is one of the main reasons of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)