Biowaste home composting: Experimental process monitoring and quality control

none5noBecause home composting is a prevention option in managing biowaste at local levels, the objective of the present study was to contribute to the knowledge of the process evolution and compost quality that can be expected and obtained, respectively, in this decentralized option. In this study, organized as the research portion of a provincial project on home composting in the territory of Pesaro-Urbino (Central Italy), four experimental composters were first initiated and temporally monitored. Second, two small sub-sets of selected provincial composters (directly operated by households involved in the project) underwent quality control on their compost products at two different temporal steps. The monitored experimental composters showed overall decreasing profiles versus composting time for moisture, organic carbon, and C/N, as well as overall increasing profiles for electrical conductivity and total nitrogen, which represented qualitative indications of progress in the process. Comparative evaluations of the monitored experimental composters also suggested some interactions in home composting, i.e., high C/N ratios limiting organic matter decomposition rates and final humification levels; high moisture contents restricting the internal temperature regime; nearly horizontal phosphorus and potassium evolutions contributing to limit the rates of increase in electrical conductivity; and prolonged biowaste additions contributing to limit the rate of decrease in moisture. The measures of parametric data variability in the two sub-sets of controlled provincial composters showed decreased variability in moisture, organic carbon, and C/N from the seventh to fifteenth month of home composting, as well as increased variability in electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and humification rate, which could be considered compatible with the respective nature of decreasing and increasing parameters during composting. The modeled parametric kinetics in the monitored experimental composters, along with the evaluation of the parametric central tendencies in the sub-sets of controlled provincial composters, all indicate that 12–15 months is a suitable duration for the appropriate development of home composting in final and simultaneous compliance with typical reference limits.openFabio TATANO; Giacomo Pagliaro; Paolo Di Giovanni; Enrico Floriani; Filippo ManganiTatano, Fabio; Giacomo, Pagliaro; Paolo Di, Giovanni; Enrico, Floriani; Filippo, Mangan

Emission of non CO2 greenhouse gases from landfills of different age located in central Italy

none5openM. MAIONE; J. ARDUINI; M. RINALDI; F. MANGANI; B. CAPACCIONIMaione, Michela; Arduini, Jgor; M., Rinaldi; Mangani, Filippo; B., Capaccion

Adhesive restoration of endodontically treated premolars: influence of posts on cuspal deflection

To determine, by means of a non-destructive experimental procedure, the effectiveness of adhesive restorations in reducing the cuspal deflection of endodontically treated premolars, with or without root canal fiber posts.To determine, by means of a non-destructive experimental procedure, the effectiveness of adhesive restorations in reducing the cuspal deflection of endodontically treated premolars, with or without root canal fiber posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cuspal deflection of ten sound, intact maxillary premolars was evaluated. A loading device induced deformation by axial force (ranging from 98 to 294 N) applied on the occlusal surface of teeth while laser sensors registered the amount of deflection. Once tested, teeth were endodontically treated and the marginal ridges were removed. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups and restored with: group 1) dual curing adhesive, flowable composite, and microhybrid composite; group 2) the same materials associated with root canal glass fiber post and composite cement. The cuspal deflection test was repeated with the same protocol after restorative procedures, allowing a direct comparison of the same samples. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Different average cuspal deflection was detected in the two groups: composite resin with post insertion resulted in lower deformation compared with composite alone. Mean deflection ranged from 3.43 to 12.17 μm in intact teeth, from 14.42 to 26.93 μm in group 1, and from 15.35 to 20.39 μm in group 2. ANOVA found significant differences (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Bonded composite restorations with fiber posts may be more effective than composite alone in reducing the cuspal deflection in endodontically treated premolars in which the marginal ridges have been lost

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI TOKOPEDIA YANG DIPENGARUHI CELEBRITY ENDORSER, BRAND IMAGE, KELOMPOK REFERENSI DAN USIA

With higher dynamics of lifr makes people want everything quick and instant. It resulted with companies now starting to do e-commerce. The purpose of this research are to find out (1) celebrity endorser influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (2) brand image influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (3) reference group influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (4) age influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (5) celebrity endorser, brand image, reference group and age influences on purchasing decision in Tokopedia. Data were analyzed using Logistic Regression. The results of this research are (1) there is no significance influence between celebrity endorser and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.588 greater than 0.05 (2) ) there is significance influence between brand image and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.003 smaller than 0.05 (3) there is significance influence between reference group and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.000 smaller than 0.05 (4) there is no significance influence between age and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.186 greater than 0.05 (5) celebrity endorser, brand image, reference group and age together affect on purchasing decision in Tokopedia of 71.2

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI TOKOPEDIA YANG DIPENGARUHI CELEBRITY ENDORSER, BRAND IMAGE, KELOMPOK REFERENSI DAN USIA

With higher dynamics of lifr makes people want everything quick and instant. It resulted with companies now starting to do e-commerce. The purpose of this research are to find out (1) celebrity endorser influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (2) brand image influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (3) reference group influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (4) age influence on purchasing decision in Tokopedia (5) celebrity endorser, brand image, reference group and age influences on purchasing decision in Tokopedia. Data were analyzed using Logistic Regression. The results of this research are (1) there is no significance influence between celebrity endorser and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.588 greater than 0.05 (2) ) there is significance influence between brand image and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.003 smaller than 0.05 (3) there is significance influence between reference group and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.000 smaller than 0.05 (4) there is no significance influence between age and purchasing decision in Tokopedia. This is indicated by significant value 0.186 greater than 0.05 (5) celebrity endorser, brand image, reference group and age together affect on purchasing decision in Tokopedia of 71.2

Grammatical comprehension in italian children with autism spectrum disorder

Language deficits represent one of the most relevant factors that determine the clinical phenotype of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main aim of the research was to study the grammatical comprehension of children with ASD. A sample of 70 well-diagnosed children (60 boys and 10 girls; aged 4.9–8 years) were prospectively recruited. The results showed that language comprehension is the most impaired language domain in ASD. These findings have important clinical implications, since the persistence of grammatical receptive deficits may have a negative impact on social, adaptive and learning achievements. As for the grammatical profiles, persistent difficulties were found during the school-age years in morphological and syntactic decoding in children with relatively preserved cognitive and expressive language skills. These data and the lack of a statistically significant correlation between the severity of ASD symptoms and language skills are in line with the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) perspective that considers the socio-communication disorder as a nuclear feature of ASD and the language disorder as a specifier of the diagnosis and not as a secondary symptom anymore. The presence of receptive difficulties in school-age ASD children with relatively preserved non-verbal cognitive abilities provides important hints to establish rehabilitative treatments