Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Plantago australis L. (Plantaginaceae)

The present study was designed to explore the total phenols and flavonoids content in leaf fractions of Plantago australis L., and their radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging abilities of fractions were determined as: ethyl acetate fraction > crude extract > butanolic fraction > chloroformic fraction. Besides having the highest radical scavenging activity, the ethyl acetate fraction also obtained the highest total phenols and flavonoids contents. Chemical profile of this fraction was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector. The comparison with the literature for the ultraviolet espectra for the chromatographic peaks allowed finding compounds similar to neolignins, cinnamic acids derivates, flavonoid (luteolin 7-glycoside) and anthocyanic pigments.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Plantago australis L. (Plantaginaceae)

The present study was designed to explore the total phenols and flavonoids content in leaf fractions of Plantago australis L., and their radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging abilities of fractions were determined as: ethyl acetate fraction > crude extract > butanolic fraction > chloroformic fraction. Besides having the highest radical scavenging activity, the ethyl acetate fraction also obtained the highest total phenols and flavonoids contents. Chemical profile of this fraction was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector. The comparison with the literature for the ultraviolet espectra for the chromatographic peaks allowed finding compounds similar to neolignins, cinnamic acids derivates, flavonoid (luteolin 7-glycoside) and anthocyanic pigments.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

UMA REVISÃO SOBRE AS PROPRIEDADES FARMACOLÓGICAS, MORFOANATOMIA E TOXICICIDADE DE XANTHIUM CAVANILLESII SCHOUW (ASTERACEAE)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223658344917O gênero Xanthium, originário da América do Sul é representado por um número relativamente limitado de espécies distribuídas em vários países. Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw (Asteraceae), conhecida popularmente como carrapicho, distribui-se pela Europa e outras regiões do mundo. A espécie possui propriedades anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana e anticarcinogênica e é usada popularmente para o tratamento da febre e gripe, além de outras doenças. É considerada uma planta infestante por se propagar e contaminar outras culturas, podendo causar intoxicações em animais quando ingerida na fase de plântula ou brotamento. Este estudo propõe-se a apresentar, comparar e discutir trabalhos que envolvam as propriedades farmacológicas, a morfoanatomia e a toxicidade de X. cavanillesii, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, afim de abranger todas as características relevantes da planta relacionando-as com suas ações terapêuticas e atividades biológicas

Stem morphoanatomy of Poiretia tetraphylla (Poiret) Burkart (Leguminosae)

Poiretia tetraphylla is an erect herb to subshrub, perennial, native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is popularly known as erva-de-touro-miúda and used in traditional medicine as tonic, in stomach disorders and verminosis. The stem is angular, striate, glabrous with copious amounts of oblong and translucent glands. The epidermis is uniestratified and persistent, stomata well pronounced, thick, smooth and plain cuticle and oval mucilaginous glandular formations. The cortex has parenchyma cells, and the innermost layer is distinguished from others by having large cells with little cytoplasmic content. In this region, protecting the phloem, has a group up to six layers of sclerenchyma fibers. The central cylinder presents vascular system of sifonestelic continuous ectofolic type. The pith is composed of parenchyma cells with intercellular space of meatus type. The whole of these diagnostic traits are useful on the botanical quality control of this species.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Plantago australis L. (Plantaginaceae)

The present study was designed to explore the total phenols and flavonoids content in leaf fractions of Plantago australis L., and their radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging abilities of fractions were determined as: ethyl acetate fraction > crude extract > butanolic fraction > chloroformic fraction. Besides having the highest radical scavenging activity, the ethyl acetate fraction also obtained the highest total phenols and flavonoids contents. Chemical profile of this fraction was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector. The comparison with the literature for the ultraviolet espectra for the chromatographic peaks allowed finding compounds similar to neolignins, cinnamic acids derivates, flavonoid (luteolin 7-glycoside) and anthocyanic pigments.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Morphology and Histochemistry of Cladodes of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae)

Morphoanathomical parameters, for macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the cladodes of Nopalea cochenillifera, plant recognized traditionally like medicinal, allow his authenticity. The phylloclades have wavyness and areoles with three straight and hyaline thorns. The uniseriate epidermis has parallelocytic stomata and mucilaginous cells, followed by an annular collenchyma and a palisade parenchyma on average with eight cell layers. The vascular region is constituted by isolated vascular bundles of the open collateral type. The central cylinder is composed by a parenchymatic medulla. The mucilage structures and the druses of calcium oxalate are present in cortical region in and central cylinder. They are in bigger number near to the vascular bundles. The druses also take place in the first layer of the collenchyma. These morphoanathomical characteristics, when taken together, are consistent in the botanical control of quality of this vegetable sort.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND DOSAGE OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS OF Morus alba LEAVES (MORACEAE)

To establish parameters for quality control ofMorus alba leaves were done tests of purity by determining the loss on drying, foreign matter, total ash, acid insoluble ash, swelling index, bitterness index, yield of crude extract, pH and organoleptic properties. The tests were done with samples collected on March, June, September and December, which were according to Brazilian Pharmacopeia and World Health Organization.Through 70 % ethanol extracts of M. alba leaves it was done the dosage of total polyphenols and flavonoids, which were used, respectively, the acidgallic and rutin standards

Leaf morphoanatomy of Poiretia tetraphylla (Poiret) Burkart (Leguminosae)

Poiretia tetraphylla (Poiret) Burkart (Leguminosae) is a perennial plant that occurs in countryside formations of Brazil, Argentine, Paraguay and Uruguay. This plant is used in traditional medicine as stimulating and stomach disorders. The aim of this work was the determination of morphoanatomy parameters, seeking the botanical control of quality of P. tetraphylla leaves. The morphological analysis was made by means of a stereomicroscope. The anatomical analysis in paradermic and transversal sections was made with hydroxide ethyl methacrylate inclusion. The leaves are characteristically 4-leaflets, with membranaceous consistency, in general oblong to rhomboidal and entire margin. The epidermis one layered has stomata concentrated in the abaxial face. The mesophyll is dorsiventral. The palisade parenchyma presents itself with 2 to 3 cell layers and spongy parenchyma constitutes itself of 4 to 6 layers of irregular cells. In distal portions occurs a pair of secretory cells structure. The vascular bundles are collateral closed and are found protected by a parenchymatous sheath. The whole of these diagnostic traits are useful on the botanical control of quality of this species.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Antiinflammatory activity and biochemical parameters of the ethanol extract of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae)

We evaluated the antiinflammatory activity of ethanol 70 % extract of Nopalea cochenillifera in a model of induction of granulomatous tissue and the kidney and liver toxicity through serum dosage in rats. During 7 days were administered orally 1.5 ml, 3 times a day, of the ethanol extract of cladodes of N. cochenillifera. We used nimesulide 5 mg/kg/day as positive control and 20 % propylene glycol as a negative control. After the treatment period, we assessed the formation of granulomas and the serum levels of AST, ALT, albumin, creatinine and urea in all groups, noting that the animals treated with the extract showed 53.5 % inhibition formation of granulomatous tissue while the positive control group showed 58.5 %, confirming a significant antiinflammatory activity. There was not a significant elevation of biochemical markers in relation to negative control.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, biological activity and toxicology of Tropaeolum majus L. - A review

Tropaeolum majus presents medicinal, nutritional and ornamental value. Plant extracts and fractions have been found to exhibit diuretic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Moreover, protective effects on blood and liver, scurvy’s treatment, antithrombin activity and prevention against macular degeneration have also been observed. T. majus contains biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, glucosilonates, fatty acids, essential oil, chlorogenic acid, aminoacids, cucurbitacins, proteins and carotenoids. Acute and subchronic studies demonstrated a lack of toxic effects, but the extracts of this plant can have deleterious consequences during the pregnancy. The revised databases were SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Portal da Capes, considering studies between 1963 and 2014 and by searching for terms like Tropaeolum majus, Tropaeolaceae, Tropaeolum majus constituents, Tropaeolum majus use and Tropaeolum majus toxicity