Relocation Of Earthquake Hypocenter In The Flores Region Using Hypo71

Flores is one of the seismically high activity zones of Indonesia region as a consequence of Indo-Australian plate subduction under the Eurasian plate. Tectonic earthquakes required to be studied because in large magnitude it can bring disaster. Therefore the precise of hypocenter determination needs to be done. In this study, hypocenter relocation is done by Single Event Determination method using hypo71. The data used are earthquake event data in Flores area which has magnitude > 4 SR at period between January 2010 and March 2018 obtained from BMKG catalog. Hypo71 requires data of arrival time of P and S waves at the recorder station. The arrival time of P and S waves data at each station is obtained by picking P and S waves using SeisGram2k70. The results showed that the source of the earthquake experienced a change of position both horizontally and vertically. In the vertical direction of hypocenter earthquake changes in the distance between 0.02 - 89.61 km, while in the horizontal direction the hypocenter of the earthquake changes in the distance of 1.11 - 71.11 km. After relocation, the hypocenter of the earthquake distributed along the Back Arc Trust in the northern island of Flores. Hypocenter relocation using hypo71 yields a small residual between the observation time and calculation time denoted by RMS <1

Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a remote, conflict-affected area of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Democratic Republic of Congo is a high-burden country for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Médecins Sans Frontières has supported the Ministry of Health in the conflict-affected region of Shabunda since 1997. In 2006, three patients were diagnosed with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and had no options for further treatment. An innovative model was developed to treat these patients despite the remote setting. Key innovations were the devolving of responsibility for treatment to non-TB clinicians remotely supported by a TB specialist, use of simplified monitoring protocols, and a strong focus on addressing stigma to support adherence. Treatment was successfully completed after a median of 24 months. This pilot programme demonstrates that successful treatment for DR-TB is possible on a small scale in remote settings

Deteksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Pinang Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine Berdasarkan Warna Dan Tekstur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem deteksi tingkat kematangan buah pinang dengan memanfaatkan pengolahan citra digital yang melibatkan fitur-fitur tekstur dan warna. Tahapan awal dalam penelitian adalah melakukan Pre-processing data citra agar dapat disiapkan untuk proses selanjutnya, yaitu ekstraksi fitur. Proses ekstraksi fitur tekstur dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) untuk mengambil nilai Correlation, sementara ekstraksi fitur warna dilakukan dengan metode Color Moments dengan fokus pada nilai Mean. Klasifikasi dengan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dilakukan berdasarkan fitur yang telah diekstraksi sebelumnya, adapun parameter yang diujicobakan adalah jenis kernel yaitu Linear, Gaussian, Polynomial pada algoritma SVM. Dari hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan semua matrik performa dari kernel Polynomial mengungguli kernel yang lain dengan hasil Accuracy yang diperoleh sebesar 90,90%, Precision 90,90%, Recall 92,30% dan F1-Score mecapai 91,60% pada proses deteksi tingkat kematangan buah pinang

Predictors of Hepatitis C Testing Intention Among African American Baby Boomers

Baby Boomers (BBs) are responsible for three-quarters of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the United States; however, HCV testing is distinctly underused by them. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of HCV testing and to evaluate predictors of HCV testing intention among African– American BBs. The study was guided by the Health Belief Model and theory of reasoned action frameworks. Of the 137 participants included in the study, 44.8% had at least a college education; 13.9% received prior to 1992 blood transfusion. Findings related to HCV testing showed that 32.1% of the participants intended to test for HCV within 6 months and 43.8% had received a previous HCV test. Significant predictors of HCV testing intention within 6 months included having a blood transfusion prior to 1992 [odds ratio (OR) = 8.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–33.61], perceptions of benefits (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13–2.18), severity (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17–1.65), and subjective norms (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12–1.79). These predictors of HCV testing intention can be used to develop future HCV testing initiatives for African–American BBs

Causes Of Drought In Baraka’s City And Its Impact On The Health Of Thepopulation

Droughts claim more victims and cause more displacement of populations than cyclones, floods and earthquakes combined. These natural disasters, less spectacular, are however less publicized. The lack of water, especially potable water and the overflow of water due to flooding create diseases that attack the population. In its June 2008 report, the WHO estimated that dirty water is the cause of 9.1% of illnesses and 6% of deaths recorded each year worldwide. Children are the first victims, since water is the cause of 22% of diseases in the children under 14 years old. Since the 1970s, the areas affected by drought have doubled and it is often women, children and the elderly who pay the heaviest price. To date, 168 countries (out 197) claim to be affected by desertification due to the process of soil deterioration in arid regions which affects food production and is exacerbated by drought. The study of the drought of tropical Africa did not begin to be studied until 1972. But, for the Democratic Republic of Congo, this subject is almost forgotten due to its gleaming rainfall situation. Unfortunately, this is in the process of decreasing and is observed in certain regions; this is the case of the Mutambala sector, Fizi territory, South Kivu province

Tomato Leafminer (Tuta absoluta Meyrick 1917): A Threat to Tomato Production in Africa

This research article published by Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, Vol.: 10, Issue.: 1, 2016Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop for income, food and nutrition in Africa. Production of the crop is currently threatened by leaf miner [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)]. Heavy infestation by T. absoluta has been reported to cause yield losses ranging from 80-100%. Tuta absoluta has high rate of reproduction and short life cycle making it very dominant in the infested tomato fields. Insecticide application for control of the pest is uneconomical for subsistence farming and beyond the earnings of majority of resource-poor farmers in Africa. Use of host resistance and or integrated pest management (IPM) strategies is slightly or not in use thus making the pest reign in the majority of African countries. This review discusses how T. absoluta threatens production and recommends some focal areas towards addressing this pest problem in the tomato industry in Africa

Characterization of hymenopteran parasitoids of aphis fabae in an African smallholder bean farming system through sequencing of COI 'mini-barcodes'

Parasitoids are among the most frequently reported natural enemies of insect pests, particularly aphids. The efficacy of parasitoids as biocontrol agents is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. For example, hyperparasitoids can reduce the abundance of the primary parasitoids as well as modify their behavior. A field study was conducted at three contrasting elevations on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, to identify the parasitoids of aphids in smallholder bean farming agroecosystems. Sentinel aphids (Aphis fabae) on potted bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed in 15 bean fields at three elevations for 2 days. The sentinel aphids were then kept in cages in a greenhouse until emergence of the parasitoids, which were collected and preserved in 98% ethanol for identification. Of the 214 parasitoids that emerged from sentinel aphids, the greatest abundance (44.86%) were from those placed at intermediate elevations (1000–1500 m a.s.l), compared to 42.52% from the lowest elevations and only 12.62% from the highest elevation farms. Morphological identification of the parasitoids that emerged from parasitized aphids showed that 90% were Aphidius species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Further characterization by sequencing DNA ‘mini-barcodes’ identified parasitoids with ≥99% sequence similarity to Aphidius colemani, 94–95% sequence similarity to Pachyneuron aphidis and 90% similarity to a Charipinae sp. in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. These results confidently identified A. colemani as the dominant primary aphid parasitoid of A. fabae in the study area. A Pachyneuron sp., which was most closely related to P. aphidis, and a Charipinae sp. occurred as hyperparasitoids. Thus, interventions to improve landscapes and farming practice should monitor specifically how to augment populations of A. colemani, to ensure any changes enhance the delivery of natural pest regulation. Further studies are needed for continuous monitoring of the hyperparasitism levels and the dynamics of aphids, primary parasitoids, and secondary parasitoids in different cropping seasons and their implications in aphid control

Investigasi Tomografi 3D Struktur Kecepatan Seismik di Bawah Permukaan Wilayah Flores Menggunakan Local Earthquake Tomography

Flores merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang menunjukkan aktivitas kegempaan tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas Back arc thrust di bagian utara dan zona subduksi di selatan Flores yang timbul akibat adanya tumbukan lempeng Australia dan lempeng Pasifik. Metode tomografi seismik telah diaplikasikan untuk mengkaji kejadian gempa di wilayah Flores agar diperoleh gambaran struktur bawah permukaan daerah Flores secara rinci melalui beberapa proses yakni: relokasi gempa menggunakan Hypo71 dan inversi tomografi dengan LOTOS-12. Data gempa yang digunakan adalah katalog data gempa di sekitar Flores yang tersedia secara gratis di www.webdc.eu, Pada tahap pengolahan data awal, picking data menghasilkan 170 fase -P dan 170 fase -S waktu tiba gelombang yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan model kecepatan 1D minimum yang dihitung oleh VELEST. Kombinasi model kecepatan Santosa & Haslinger dan AK135 digunakan sebagai model kecepatan referensi untuk wilayah Flores. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber gempa di Flores didominasi gempa menengah dan gempa dalam yang berkaitan dengan penunjaman dan patahan-patahan lokal. Selain itu, hasil inversi 3D kecepatan seismik menunjukkan wilayah Flores didominasi oleh daerah anomali kecepatan seismik negatif dan rasio Vp/Vs tinggi yang terkait dengan daerah sesar akibat Flores Thrust Zone di utara dan barat Flores serta sesar naik di timur Flores. Bagian selatan Flores didominasi anomali positif dan rasio Vp/Vs rendah yang berkaitan dengan lapisan batuan beku dan metamorf dengan tingkat saturasi fluida rendah. Ketidakcukupan data menyebabkan resolusi tomografi menjadi kurang bagus. ================================================================================================ Flores is one of the seismically high activity zones of Indonesia region as a consequence of Indo-Australian plate subduction under the Eurasian plate. Seismic tomography methods have been applied to assess earthquake events in the Flores region in order to obtain a detailed description of the subsurface structure of the Flores area through several processes namely: earthquake relocation using Hypo71 and tomographic inversion with LOTOS-12. The earthquake data used is a catalog of earthquake data in Flores that is available free of charge at www.webdc.eu. In the first data processing stage, picking data produces 170 phase -P and 170 phase -S wave time arrivals used to obtain the minimum 1D velocity model by VELEST. The combination of Santosa & Haslinger and AK135 velocity models is used as a reference 1D velocity model for the Flores region. The results showed that the earthquake source in Flores was dominated by medium earthquakes and deep earthquakes related to subduction and local faults. In addition, the results of the 3D seismic velocity inversion show that the Flores region is dominated by areas of negative seismic velocity anomalies and high Vp / Vs ratios associated with fault areas due to Flores Thrust Zone in the north and west of Flores and upward faults in eastern Flores. The southern part of Flores is dominated by positive anomalies and low Vp / Vs ratios associated with igneous rock and metamorphic layers with low levels of fluid saturation. Insufficient data causes tomographic resolution to be poor