Isotopic and Microstructural Analyses of Opaque Mineral Assemblages and Their Alteration Products Hosted in a Refractory Inclusion

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) hosted in primitive meteorites are the oldest solids formed in the Solar System. Some CAIs contain metal nuggets that are complex assemblages of Fe-Ni alloys, along with rare ultra-refractory metals such as platinum group elements (PGEs), and their alteration products such as magnetite, sulfides, and phosphates. Three possible mechanisms proposed to explain the origin of these metal nuggets include condensation in circumstellar settings, condensation in the solar nebula within the CAI-forming region, or crystallization from immiscible metal-silicate melt. However, secondary alteration processes may have also affected some of these assemblages. Additionally, similar metal assemblages observed in chondrules and chondritic matrix indicate that all of these metal nuggets could share common high-temperature origins. These metal assemblages record early Solar System conditions that are reflected in their distinctive chemical composition, mineralogy and microstructures. Here we report a detailed mineralogical, microstructural and oxygen isotopic study of one such metal assemblage hosted in a CAI to understand the physical and chemical settings in which it formed

An Assessment of Accessibility and Connectivity of Some Important Places in Kolhapur City of Maharashtra: A Road Network Analysis

There are various methods to find out the accessibility and connectivity of road networks. The method that used to determine the accessibility and connectivity is quantitative or qualitative; sometime it includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects of transportation network. The degree to which any place is served by transportation network (on which it stands) defines the accessibility of that place. And the connectivity is the ratio between total number of arcs and total number of nodes in transportation network. The connectivity is directly proportional to the total number of arcs and inversely proportional to the total number of nodes. If the degree of connectivity within a transportation network is higher; then it means that transportation system will be more efficient. Therefore, the present paper attempts to access the accessibility and connectivity of road networks in Kolhapur city. The accessibility of study area is determined by the shortest path matrix. The connectivity is determined by the beta (?) index given by K.J. Kansky. After analyzing the accessibility and connectivity of study area, easily accessible and shortest paths are also suggested in order to reach the important centers very easily

Capturing an Evolving Nebular Environment: A Petrographic and Geochemical Study of a Type A, B & C CAI

Calcium, Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs) were the first formed solids in our Solar System, with mineral assemblages reflecting the first phases predicted to condense out of a hot nebular gas of Solar composition. Geochemical, textural and crystallographic information in CAIs can be used to constrain the temperature, pressure, and composition (e.g., oxygen fugacity) of the gaseous reservoir(s) from which they formed, as well as any secondary (nebular and parent body) processes they underwent. Coordinated geochemical and textural analyses provide information on nebular conditions (i.e., astrophysical environments and dynamics of nebular gas reservoirs) in which these CAIs formed. In order to better understand the evolution of nebular reservoirs at the time of CAI formation, we analyzed a Type A, B and C CAI using Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC)

COMPREHENSIVE CARDIAC ASSESSMENT IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS: INTEGRATING ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND 2-DIMENSIONAL TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR ENHANCED DIAGNOSIS AND RISK STRATIFICATION

Acute ischemic stroke continues to be one of the top causes of death worldwide, necessitating precise diagnostic techniques for effective treatment. Due to the lack of precise markers, clinical distinction of stroke subtypes is currently difficult. Integrating cutting-edge imaging methods like 2-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography (2D TTE) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) could yield insightful results. Materials and Methodology: In the prospective observational study, we looked at 2D TTE and ECG changes in 96 patients who had an acute ischemic stroke. Within 72 hours of admission, patients were evaluated, with an emphasis on 2D TTE findings (normal, left ventricular dysfunction, mitral valve abnormalities, and aortic valve abnormalities) and ECG abnormalities. Results: T wave inversion (30.2%), ST-segment depression (38.5%), and U waves (53.1%), among other ECG anomalies, were among the numerous. 44.8% of the cases with 2D TTE were normal, 34.3% had left ventricular dysfunction, and 14.5% had defective mitral valves. Across age categories, notable ECG and 2D TTE findings were seen, highlighting the value of thorough evaluations. Conclusion: Combining 2D TTE and the ECG to diagnose acute ischemic stroke can reveal subtle cardiac involvement. These techniques support risk classification and subtype identification, particularly with relation to ASCVD risk factors. For accurate risk assessment and customized treatment options, routine ECG and 2D TTE evaluation is essentia

Real-Time Vehicle Accident Recognition from Traffic Video Surveillance using YOLOV8 and OpenCV

The automatic detection of traffic accidents is a significant topic in traffic monitoring systems. It can reduce irresponsible driving behavior, improve emergency response, improve traffic management, and encourage safer driving practices. Computer vision can be a promising technique for automatic accident detection because it provides a reliable, automated, and speedy accident detection system that can improve emergency response times and ultimately save lives. This paper proposed an ensemble model that uses the YOLOv8 approach for efficient and precise event detection. The model framework's robustness is evaluated using YouTube video sequences with various lighting circumstances. The proposed model has been trained using the open-source dataset Crash Car Detection Dataset, and its produced precision, recall, and mAP are 93.8% and 98%, 96.1%, respectively, which is a significant improvement above the prior precision, recall, and mAP figures of 91.3%, 87.6%, and 93.8%. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in real-time traffic surveillance applications is proved by experimental results using actual traffic video data

Transcriptome sequencing of the Microarray Quality Control (MAQC) RNA reference samples using next generation sequencing

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transcriptome sequencing using next-generation sequencing platforms will soon be competing with DNA microarray technologies for global gene expression analysis. As a preliminary evaluation of these promising technologies, we performed deep sequencing of cDNA synthesized from the Microarray Quality Control (MAQC) reference RNA samples using Roche's 454 Genome Sequencer FLX.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We generated more that 3.6 million sequence reads of average length 250 bp for the MAQC A and B samples and introduced a data analysis pipeline for translating cDNA read counts into gene expression levels. Using BLAST, 90% of the reads mapped to the human genome and 64% of the reads mapped to the RefSeq database of well annotated genes with e-values ≤ 10^-20. We measured gene expression levels in the A and B samples by counting the numbers of reads that mapped to individual RefSeq genes in multiple sequencing runs to evaluate the MAQC quality metrics for reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and compared the results with DNA microarrays and Quantitative RT-PCR (QRTPCR) from the MAQC studies. In addition, 88% of the reads were successfully aligned directly to the human genome using the AceView alignment programs with an average 90% sequence similarity to identify 137,899 unique exon junctions, including 22,193 new exon junctions not yet contained in the RefSeq database.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Using the MAQC metrics for evaluating the performance of gene expression platforms, the ExpressSeq results for gene expression levels showed excellent reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity that improved systematically with increasing shotgun sequencing depth, and quantitative accuracy that was comparable to DNA microarrays and QRTPCR. In addition, a careful mapping of the reads to the genome using the AceView alignment programs shed new light on the complexity of the human transcriptome including the discovery of thousands of new splice variants.</p

Nuclear spins, magnetic moments and quadrupole moments of Cu isotopes from N = 28 to N = 46: probes for core polarization effects

Measurements of the ground-state nuclear spins, magnetic and quadrupole moments of the copper isotopes from 61Cu up to 75Cu are reported. The experiments were performed at the ISOLDE facility, using the technique of collinear laser spectroscopy. The trend in the magnetic moments between the N=28 and N=50 shell closures is reasonably reproduced by large-scale shell-model calculations starting from a 56Ni core. The quadrupole moments reveal a strong polarization of the underlying Ni core when the neutron shell is opened, which is however strongly reduced at N=40 due to the parity change between the $pf$ and $g$ orbits. No enhanced core polarization is seen beyond N=40. Deviations between measured and calculated moments are attributed to the softness of the 56Ni core and weakening of the Z=28 and N=28 shell gaps.Comment: 13 pagers, 19 figures, accepted by Physical Review

A Comprehensive Review of Sentiment Analysis on Indian Regional Languages: Techniques, Challenges, and Trends

Sentiment&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;(SA) is the process of understanding&nbsp;emotion&nbsp;within&nbsp;a text. It helps identify the opinion, attitude, and tone of a text categorizing it into positive, negative, or neutral. SA is frequently used today as more and more people get a chance to put out their thoughts due to the advent of social media. Sentiment analysis benefits industries around the globe, like finance, advertising, marketing, travel, hospitality, etc. Although the majority of work done in this field is on global languages like English, in recent years, the importance of SA in local languages has also been widely recognized. This has led to considerable research in the analysis of Indian regional languages. This paper comprehensively reviews SA in the following major Indian Regional languages: Marathi, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Gujarati, and Urdu. Furthermore, this paper presents techniques, challenges, findings, recent research trends, and future scope for enhancing results accuracy