Interwar Innovation in Three Navies: U.S. Navy, Royal Navy, Imperial Japanese Navy

In 1919, three major naval powers—Great Britain, Japan, and the United States—faced two major challenges: integrating new technology into their doctrines and organizations, and coping with reduced naval expenditures and arms treaties that came as a postwar reaction to armaments spending

The Development of the Angled-Deck Aircraft Carrier—Innovation and Adaptation

In the years immediately after World War II, three British innovations—the angled flight deck, steam catapult, and optical landing aid—enabled the modern aircraft carrier. How did the U.S. Navy take such quick advantage of them, and why were they not American innovations in the first place

Innovation in Carrier Aviation

This study is about innovations in carrier aviation and the spread of those innovations from one navy to the navy of a close ally. The innovations are the angled flight deck; the steam catapult; and the mirror and lighted landing aid that enabled pilots to land jet aircraft on a carrier’s short and narrow flight deck.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-newport-papers/1036/thumbnail.jp