Query Expansion of Zero-Hit Subject Searches: Using a Thesaurus in Conjunction with NLP Techniques

The focus of our study is zero-hit queries in keyword subject searches and the effort of increasing recall in these cases by reformulating and, then, expanding the initial queries using an external source of knowledge, namely a thesaurus. To this end, the objectives of this study are twofold. First, we perform the mapping of query terms to the thesaurus terms. Second, we use the matched terms to expand the user’s initial query by taking advantage of the thesaurus relations and implementing natural language processing (NLP) techniques. We report on the overall procedure and elaborate on key points and considerations of each step of the process

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI POMPA HIDRAM UNTUK PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN SAYURAN DI DESA OELPUAH KAB. KUPANG

Permasalahan ketersediaan air bagi lahan pertanian dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan mesin pompa berbahan bakar minyak atau mesin pompa listrik. Tetapi dalam operasionalnya adalah pada masalah biaya dan ketersediaan bahan bakar serta perawatan mesin. Solusi permasalahan ini yaitu penerapan teknologi pompa hidram bagi petani sayuran di Desa Oelpuah melalui peragaan pembuatan dan instalasinya. Pompa ini bekerja dengan memanfaatkan elevasi aliran air yang masuk ke pompa menjadi hidraulik kinetik bertekanan yang disebut sebagai palu air (water hammer) untuk menekan air ke permukaan yang lebih tinggi. Potensial air ini, akibat akselerasi dari klep penghubung dan klep buang yang mempengaruhi volume air dalam tabung tekan. Pompa hidram bekerja tidak menggunakan bahan bakar dan memiliki umur kerja yang lama. Pompa hidram dapat dibuat dengan mudah dan bahan atau komponennya mudah diperoleh. Teknologi pompa hidram yang diterapkan di kelompok tani memiliki tinggi pipa output 3 meter dengan debit air 300 ml/menit, sehingga selama 12 jam operasional dapat menghasilkan air sebanyak 216 liter. Jumlah air ini sudah mencukupi untuk kebutuhan air pada tanaman sayur untuk 350 tanaman yang hanya membutuhkan air sebanyak 175 liter/hari

PENGGUNAAN POMPA HIDRAM 3 KATUP BUANG DENGAN TINGGI ALIRAN AIR (HEAD) 50 CM

Pemanfaatan teknologi tepat guna sebagai penggerak utama tanpa sumber listrik atau bahan bakar karbon untuk menunjang usaha tani berskala kecil sangat menguntungkan. Salah satunya teknologi ini; penggunaan pompa Hidarm. Pompa hidram bekerja selama adanya aliran air yang kontinyu dari head yang rendah dengan standar kisaran 1 m, aliran air dimanfaatkan sebagai momentum atau water hammer. Hal ini telah diterapkan pada mitra usaha tani di kelurahan Fontein, dengan aliran air dari head hanya berkisar ±50 cm. Agar air yang masuk pada saluran inlet semakin besar maka pipa masuk diperbesar dengan kisaran 8 dim sepanjang 1,5 meter dan dikoneksikan dengan pipa 3 dim sepanjang 6m. Debit air yang dihasilkan mencapai 31,6 L/mnt. Dan pada pompa Hidram, katup buang digunakan 3 buah dengan ukuran 1,5 dim, sedangkan diameter katup delivery tabung berukuran ½ dim. Hasil pengukuran volume air dengan gelas ukur, pompa Hidram mampu mengkat air dengan ketinggian ±3,5m sebanyak 410ml selama 1,8 menit.  Kondisi air ini sudah dapat mengairi kebun mitra pemilik dengan total luas kebun sayur 3 hektar

Algorithm To Architecture Mapping Model (ATAMM) multicomputer operating system functional specification

A functional description of the ATAMM Multicomputer Operating System is presented. ATAMM (Algorithm to Architecture Mapping Model) is a marked graph model which describes the implementation of large grained, decomposed algorithms on data flow architectures. AMOS, the ATAMM Multicomputer Operating System, is an operating system which implements the ATAMM rules. A first generation version of AMOS which was developed for the Advanced Development Module (ADM) is described. A second generation version of AMOS being developed for the Generic VHSIC Spaceborne Computer (GVSC) is also presented

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Background Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) remain a prominent cause of bacteremia in sub-Saharan Africa. Complement-fixing antibodies to STm develop by 2 years of age. We hypothesized that STm-specific CD4+ T cells develop alongside this process. Methods Eighty healthy Malawian children aged 0–60 months were recruited. STm-specific CD4+ T cells producing interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 2 were quantified using intracellular cytokine staining. Antibodies to STm were measured by serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay, and anti-STm immunoglobulin G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Between 2006 and 2011, STm bacteremias were detected in 449 children <5 years old. STm-specific CD4+ T cells were acquired in infancy, peaked at 14 months, and then declined. STm-specific SBA was detectable in newborns, declined in the first 8 months, and then increased to a peak at age 35 months. Acquisition of SBA correlated with acquisition of anti–STm–lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunoglobulin G (r = 0.329 [95% confidence interval, .552–.062]; P = .01) but not anti–STm–outer membrane protein or anti–STm-flagellar protein (FliC). Conclusions Acquisition of STm-specific CD4+ T cells in early childhood is consistent with early exposure to STm or cross-reactive protein antigens priming this T-cell development. STm-specific CD4+ T cells seem insufficient to protect against invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, but sequential acquisition of SBA to STm LPS is associated with a decline in its incidence

Decentralising diabetes care from hospitals to primary health care centres in Malawi

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and hypertension have become a prominent public health concern in Malawi, where health care services for NCDs are generally restricted to urban centres and district hospitals, while the vast majority of Malawians live in rural settings. Whether similar quality of diabetes care can be delivered at health centres compared to hospitals is not known. MethodsWe implemented a pilot project of decentralized diabetes care at eight health centres in four districts in Malawi. We described differences between district hospitals and rural health centres in terms of patient characteristics, diabetes complications, cardiovascular risk factors, and aspects of the quality of care and used multivariate logistic regression to explore factors associated with adequate diabetes and blood pressure control. ResultsBy March 2019, 1339 patients with diabetes were registered of whom 286 (21%) received care at peripheral health centres. The median duration of care of patients in the diabetes clinics during the study period was 8.8 months. Overall, HIV testing coverage was 93.6%, blood pressure was recorded in 92.4%; 68.5% underwent foot examination of whom 35.0% had diabetic complications; 30.1% underwent fundoscopy of whom 15.6% had signs of diabetic retinopathy. No significant differences in coverage of testing for diabetes complications were observed between health facility types. Neither did we find significant differences in retention in care (72.1 vs. 77.6%; p=0.06), adequate diabetes control (35.0% vs. 37.8%; p=0.41) and adequate blood pressure control (51.3% vs. 49.8%; p=0.66) between hospitals and health centres. In multivariate analysis, male sex was associated with adequate diabetes control, while lower age and normal body mass index were associated with adequate blood pressure control; health facility type was not associated with either. ConclusionQuality of care did not appear to differ between hospitals and health centres, but was insufficient at both levels

Regulation of cell survival by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P1 via reciprocal ERK-dependent suppression of bim and PI-3-kinase/protein kinase C-mediated upregulation of Mcl-1

Although the ability of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to positively regulate anti-apoptotic/pro-survival responses by binding to S1P1 is well known, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that expression of S1P1 renders CCL39 lung fibroblasts resistant to apoptosis following growth factor withdrawal. Resistance to apoptosis was associated with attenuated accumulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. However, although blockade of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation could reverse S1P1-mediated suppression of Bim accumulation, inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage was unaffected. Instead S1P1-mediated inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage was reversed by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC), which had no effect on S1P1 regulation of Bim. However, S1P1 suppression of caspase-3 was associated with increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, the expression of which was also reduced by inhibition of PI3K and PKC. A role for the induction of Mcl-1 in regulating endogenous S1P receptor-dependent pro-survival responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was confirmed using S1P receptor agonist FTY720-phosphate (FTY720P). FTY720P induced a transient accumulation of Mcl-1 that was associated with a delayed onset of caspase-3 cleavage following growth factor withdrawal, whereas Mcl-1 knockdown was sufficient to enhance caspase-3 cleavage even in the presence of FTY720P. Consistent with a pro-survival role of S1P1 in disease, analysis of tissue microarrays from ER+ breast cancer patients revealed a significant correlation between S1P1 expression and tumour cell survival. In these tumours, S1P1 expression and cancer cell survival were correlated with increased activation of ERK, but not the PI3K/PKB pathway. In summary, pro-survival/anti-apoptotic signalling from S1P1 is intimately linked to its ability to promote the accumulation of pro-survival protein Mcl-1 and downregulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim via distinct signalling pathways. However, the functional importance of each pathway is dependent on the specific cellular context