Research on Supersonic Inlet Bleed

Phase I data results of the Fundamental Inlet Bleed Experiments project at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are presented which include flow coefficient results for two single-hole boundary-layer bleed configurations. The bleed configurations tested are round holes at inclination angles of 90deg and 20deg both having length-to-diameter ratios of 2.0. Results were obtained at freestream Mach numbers of 1.33, 1.62, 1.98, 2.46, and 2.92 and unit Reynolds numbers of 0.984, 1.89, and 2.46 10(exp 7)/m. Approach boundary-layer data are presented for each flow condition and the flow coefficient results are compared to existing multi-hole data obtained under similar conditions. For the 90deg hole, the single and multi-hole distributions agree fairly well with the exception that under supercritical operation, the multi-hole data chokes at higher flow coefficient levels. This behavior is also observed for the 20deg hole but to a lesser extent. The 20deg hole also shows a markedly different characteristic at subcritical operation. Also presented are preliminary results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of both configurations at the Mach 1.33 and a unit Reynolds number of 2.46 10(exp 7)/m. Comparison of the results shows the agreement to be very good

Psychological impact of cancer on patients in a tertiary care centre: a prospective study

Background: Diagnosis of cancer, although physical in nature, has far reaching emotional impact on the person. The study aimed to analyse the psychological impact of cancer on patients with a focus on levels of distress and psychiatric comorbidity.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted on 169 consenting individuals in the department of radiation oncology, SKIMS, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in collaboration with the department of psychiatry, SKIMS medical college, Jammu and Kashmir, India, from November 2013 to January 2015. The NCCN distress thermometer was used to observe the temporal variations in the levels of distress over a period of time.Results: Anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder) were the most common psychiatric disorders diagnosed constituting 59%, followed by depression in 29%. About 12% patients were not diagnosed with any psychiatric ailment. One female patient with anxiety disorder developed acute psychosis. Counselling and psychotherapy provided improvement in 45% patients with cancer. In all, 86.4% required medication during the course of treatment and majority had improvement with it. A mean distress score of 7.73 was seen before, 8.29 during and 7.66 after treatment.Conclusions: Cancer bore a significant impact on the psychological bearing of patients, ranging from anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression to psychosis. Hence there is a need for monitoring psychological symptoms in cancer patients and development of appropriate psycho-oncology services

Effect of domestic cooking methods on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of different varieties of brown rice from Southern Thailand and Malaysia

Consumption of brown rice is increasing on account of higher nutritional components such as vitamins, minerals, fibres and antioxidants than white rice. However, the effect of domestic cooking methods on nutritional attributes of brown rice is not well-characterized. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cooking methods; pressure cooker (PC) and rice cooker (RC) on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of brown rice from five different varieties: Sungyod (SY), Chiang (CH), and Lepnok (LP) of Thai and long grain LS1 and LS2 of Malaysian origin. Peak viscosity (PV) and final viscosity (FV) among uncooked samples were significantly different except for LS1 and LS2. Between cooking methods, protein content (8.17 – 10.14%) was significantly different (p < 0.05) except in SY, LS1 and LS2 varieties whereas fat (1.74 – 2.71%) and ash content (1.15 – 1.46%) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) only in LP and SY varieties. Loss of iron was significantly higher in RC method than PC method but zinc and thiamine was insignificant. The LS1 and LS2 cooked in PC was significantly softer (p < 0.05) than cooked in RC. Hardness of PC cooked rice was correlated with PV (r = –0.965), breakdown viscosity (r = –0.973), setback viscosity (r = –0.944) at p < 0.01 and pasting temperature (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) of uncooked brown rice flours. Overall, PC was found better over RC in terms of cooking time, textural properties, nutrients and sensory attributes

Conductance asymmetry in point-contacts on epitaxial thin films of Ba(Fe0.92_{0.92}Co0.08_{0.08})2_2As2_2

Point-contact spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing superconductors. One of the most common observations in the point-contact spectra on the recently discovered ferropnictide superconductors is a large conductance asymmetry with respect to voltage across the point-contact. In this paper we show that the antisymmetric part of the point-contact spectrum between a silver tip and an epitaxial thin film of Ba(Fe$_{0.92}$Co$_{0.08}$)$_2$As$_2$ shows certain unique features. These features have an interesting evolution with increasing temperature up to a temperature that is 30% larger than the critical temperature $T_c$ of the superconductor. We argue that this evolution can be associated with the rich normal state properties of these materials.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Nutritional outcomes related to household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia

During the past two decades, the rates of food insecurity and obesity have risen. Although a relationship between these two seemingly-paradoxical states has not been repeatedly seen in men, research suggests that a correlation between them exists in women. This study examines nutritional outcomes of household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey of low-income households was conducted, and 223 households with mothers aged 18-55 years, who were non-lactating, non-pregnant, and had at least one child aged 2-12 years, were purposively selected. A questionnaire was administered that included the Radimer/Cornell Scale, items about sociodemographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements. Of the households, 16.1% were food-secure whereas 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity: 29.6% of households were food-insecure, 19.3% contained individuals who were foodinsecure, and 35.0% fell into the 'child hunger' category. The result reported that household-size, total monthly income, income per capita, and food expenditure were significant risk factors of household food insecurity. Although there was a high prevalence of overweight and obese mothers (52%) and 47.1% had at-risk waist-circumference (=80 cm), no significant association was found between food insecurity, body mass index, and waist-circumference. In conclusion, the rates of household food insecurity and overweight and obesity were high in the study population, although they are looking paradoxical. Longitudinal studies with larger sample-sizes are recommended to further examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity

Assessment on recent landslide susceptibility mapping methods: A review

Landslide is a destructive natural hazard that causes severe property loss and loss of lives. Numerous researchers have developed landslide susceptibility maps in order to forecast its occurrence, particularly in hill-site development. Various quantitative approaches are used in landslide susceptibility map production, which can be classified into three categories; statistical data mining, machine learning and deterministic approach. In this paper, we choose two regular models in each category, which are Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Frequency Ratio (FR), Artificial Neutral Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), Shallow Landsliding Stability Model (SHALSTAB) and YonSei-Slope (YS-Slope). Discussion and assessment on these models are based on relevant literature

Concomitant rotator cuff repair and instability surgery provide good patient-reported functional outcomes in patients aged 40 years or older with shoulder dislocation

Background: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in patients aged \u3e /= 40 years is not as rare as once thought. The mechanism of instability in this patient population is different-more likely to be attributed to rotator cuff pathology-compared with that in younger individuals. With an increasingly aging active population, surgical management has a rising role in preventing morbidity associated with recurrent instability. Our purpose was to evaluate outcomes of anterior shoulder instability repair (ie, Bankart or bony Bankart repair) with and without rotator cuff repair (RCR) in patients aged \u3e /= 40 years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients aged \u3e /= 40 years who underwent surgical repair for anterior shoulder instability from 2008-2016. Patients were categorized into 4 cohorts: Bankart repair only, bony Bankart repair only, Bankart repair with concomitant RCR, and bony Bankart repair with concomitant RCR. Demographic and history-of-instability data were collected. Clinical and functional outcomes assessed included the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Penn Shoulder Score, visual analog scale score for pain, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score, and patient satisfaction score. Results: A total of 146 patients were included in this study, with 103 patients (71%) having \u3e /=2-year outcome scores. Outcome scores were not significantly different among groups. For patients who underwent Bankart repair only, bony Bankart repair only, Bankart repair with RCR, and bony Bankart repair with RCR, the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores were 80.8 +/- 19.7, 90.0 +/- 10.7, 79.3 +/- 29.4, and 87.2 +/- 10.6, respectively (P = .284); American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, 83.8 +/- 19.7, 92.4 +/- 17.4, 82.5 +/- 25.6, and 85.6 +/- 12.7, respectively (P = .114); Penn Shoulder Scores for function, 84.5 +/- 17.9, 90.9 +/- 15.3, 83.6 +/- 25.1, and 95.7 +/- 13.0, respectively (P = .286); and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index scores, 481.0 +/- 519.5, 292.1 +/- 414.3, 548.9 +/- 690.5, and 320.6 +/- 258.7, respectively (P = .713). Age at the time of surgery significantly differed between cohorts (P \u3c .001). No patients had recurrence of instability during the study period. Conclusion: Similar functional outcomes can be achieved in the surgical management of anterior instability in patients aged \u3e /= 40 years. Rotator cuff tears should be suspected and repaired in patients with anterior instability, especially those aged \u3e /= 50 years

Cost optimisation of a flexible heat exchanger network with fluctuation probability using break-even analysis

Heat exchanger network (HEN) which is designed to achieve the maximum energy recovery (MER) involves the integration and interactions of multiple process streams. Small disturbances on one stream can affect other connecting streams. In order to manage these disturbances, the process to process and utility heat exchangers with bypass streams installation are typically overdesigned. However, overdesign also means higher capital investment. This study presents the cost optimisation of flexible MER HEN design which considers the fluctuation probability using break-even analysis. Data were extracted for the Pinch study and assessment for flexibility and MER was performed. The MER heat exchanger maximum size (MER-HEM) is able to handle the most critical supply temperature fluctuations while minimising the utility consumption. The overdesign factor can affect the total annualised cost at a certain probability of fluctuation occurrence. Thus, the break-even analysis of the MER-HEM is performed to determine the probability that resulted in high savings of total annualised cost. Two Scenarios (A and B) with different fluctuation probabilities were used to demonstrate the methodology. Application of the proposed methodology on an Illustrative Case Study shows that, for the fluctuation at hot stream H1, the MER-HEM gives the optimum annualised total cost for Scenario A with additional savings of 10 %. For Scenario B, the MER heat exchanger original size (MER-HEO) is the optimum, giving an additional savings of 4 %. For cold stream C1, the MER-HEO is the optimum for Scenario A, giving an extra savings of 4 % whereas the MER-HEM is the optimum for Scenario B, yielding an extra savings of 9 %

Step by step procedures : degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in potable water using photo-Fenton oxidation process

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds, composed of two or more fused benzene rings and abundantly found in mixed-use areas. Mixed-use areas consist of dense population, urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities. River pollution are common in mixed-use areas and 98% of Malaysia's fresh water supply originates from surface water. The biological degradation, adsorption and advanced oxidation process were documented as the available PAHs treatment for water. To date, the application of the photo-Fenton oxidation process has been reported for the treatment of PAHs from contaminated soil (review paper), landfill leachate, municipal solid waste leachate, sanitary landfill leachate, aniline wastewater, ammunition wastewater and saline aqueous solutions. As for potable water, the application of Fenton reagent was aided with photo treatment or electrolysis not focusing on PAHs removal. • The presented MethodsX was conducted for PAHs degradation analysis in potable water samples using photo-Fenton oxidation process. • The designed reactor for batch experiment is presented. • The batch experiment consists of parameters like concentration of 17 USEPA-PAHs in the prepared aqueous solution (fixed variable), reaction time, pH and molarity ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)