Management of resistant prolactinoma in infertile lady with successful maternal and perinatal outcome

Mrs. X of 28 years presented to the gynaecology department with primary infertility for 4 years, secondary amenorrhea for 6 months and galactorrhea for 3 months. She was investigated and diagnosed to have macroprolactinoma. Medical treatment with cabergoline was started. Patient became symptomatically free in 6 months with gradual reduction in serum prolactin levels as well as tumour size. After 2 years of therapy, failure of normalisation of prolactin levels and failure of significant tumour reduction observed and diagnosed it as resistant prolactinoma. Considering her infertility and future complications associated with resistant macroadenoma, she was treated with stereotactic radiosurgery using cyber knife radiation. Tumour regression in MRI with significant decrease in serum prolactin levels were observed in the post radiation period and monthly follow up done. She conceived spontaneously after 2 months of radiotherapy. She has been followed up with visual field testing during antenatal period. Her antenatal, intranatal period was uneventful with successful maternal and perinatal outcome.

Vaccine Preperative Trial for Leptospirosis and their Pathological, Immunological Study by Serum Electrophoresis

Leptospirosis is a fatal infectious disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira spirochetes affecting humans and animals. In the present study, the trials of the whole-cell killed formalin treated monovalent vaccine using Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae and trivalent vaccine using Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Leptospira louisiana, and Leptospira hebdomadis were studied. The serum electrophoresis studies were done after administration of the vaccine into the experimental albino mice along with the booster dose of the vaccinated serum by densitometric readings. Similarly, the pathological observations were made by dissecting the virulent mice, vaccinated mice, and comparing them with the control mice. The MAT titre was also studied after the booster dose administration of the vaccinated serum. The monovalent and trivalent whole-cell killed formalin treated vaccines shows significant raise in the total proteins, albumin, globulin, α 1 globulin, α 2 globulin, β globulin and γ globulins of the serum as well as increase in significant levels in the antibody levels after the administration of the booster dose at an interval of 14 days. Keywords: Leptospira, Whole-cell killed formalin treated vaccine, Immunological study, Pathological study, Serum electrophoresis

Advancement, applications, and future directions of 3D models in breast cancer research: a comprehensive review

3D models have popped up as indispensable tools for breast cancer study, they provide a closersemblance of the multiplex cellular and cancer tissue microenvironment as compared toancient 2D cultures. Their utilization in BC research permits a better interpretation ofhemostasis, cell-to-cell, and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, differentiation of cells,and tissue organization. 3D models qualify the exploration of numerous aspects regardingcancer progression, it also includes invasion of the tumor, cancer metastasis, and drugresistance, in a way that more precisely contemplates in vivo conditions. Hence, they provideda precise environment for research as compared to a complex in vivo host cell environment.This review highlights the importance of different 3D models in BC research, focusing on theircapability to enumerate complex disease physio-pathological features. This review explainsthe variety of 3D models utilized in BC research, encompassing Multicellular TumorSpheroids (MCTS), Three-Dimensional (3D) bioprinting, Organoid Models, Microfluidictechnologies, Organ on chip models, 3D hydrogel models and in silico approaches for BC,challenges and future of 3D models

BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MARINE MACROSCOPIC RED SEAWEED HALYMENIA PORPHYROIDES BOERGESEN (CRYPTON) AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY AGAINST DERMATOPHYTIC AND NON-DERMATOPHYTIC FUNGI

Objective: The current study illustrates the biosynthesis of economically scalable and energy efficient colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from marine red seaweed Halymenia porphyroides Boergesen (Crypton) collected from Southeast coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and their antifungal efficacy against dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic fungi was evaluated. Methods: The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine macroscopic red seaweed H. porphyroides Boergesen were synthesized by green synthesis method and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The efficacy of silver nanoparticles against dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic fungi was performed by disk diffusion method. Results: The presence of silver nanoparticles with an average size between 34.3 and 80 nm and exhibiting face-centered cubic structure was confirmed. SEM revealed the morphology of the nanoparticles as spherical and TEM exhibited the nanoparticle distribution. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of potential biomolecules in the seaweed crude extract which is responsible for reducing and capping the bioreduced silver nanoparticles. The UV absorption spectra at 430.5 nm revealed the characteristic spectra of the silver nanoparticles. The purity and the thermal stability of silver nanoparticles were revealed by TGA. Silver nanoparticles showed significant efficacy against dermatophytes and Rhizopus microsporus among non-dermatophytes. Conclusion: Intermediate efficacy was observed against dermatophytes and among non-dermatophytic fungi R. microsporus exhibited better efficacy, whereas Aspergillus flavus were resistant to the biosynthesized silver nanoparticle

Scientific advice on the suitability of data for the assessment of DNA integration into the fish genome of a genetically modified DNA plasmid-based veterinary vaccine

Pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) leads to high mortality rates post infection and histopathological lesions in several organs. As protection against pancreas disease, Novartis developed a prophylactic DNA plasmid-based vaccine to be administered to salmon as naked plasmid in a single intramuscular injection. In order to assess the legal status of the fish vaccinated with this new vaccine with regard to the legislation on genetically modified organisms, the European Commission suggested that the company carry out a scientific study on the integration/non-integration of the plasmid DNA into the fish genome. Subsequently, the European Commission requested EFSA to give scientific advice on the study design and the conclusions drawn by the company. PCR based analysis of genomic DNA from muscle samples, taken from at or around the injection site 436 days post vaccination, led the company to conclude that integration of plasmid DNA into the fish genome is extremely unlikely. After an assessment of the study, EFSA considers that the study presented by Novartis Animal Health on the integration/non-integration of DNA plasmid-based vaccine into the salmon genomic DNA provides insufficient information on the potential integration of plasmid DNA fragments into the fish genome due to a limited coverage of the plasmid DNA by the detection method provided, the limited number of samples analysed and an insufficient limit of detection and method validation. Therefore, EFSA is of the opinion that the results from the integration/non-integration study submitted by Novartis Animal Health are not sufficient to support the conclusion of non-integration of plasmid DNA into the fish genome drawn by the company

[Student Acceptance of Course Curriculum Implementation of Islamic Basic Principles (Ctu 101) at Uitm] Penerimaan Pelajar Terhadap Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Kursus Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Islam (Ctu 101) di Uitm

This study aims to analyze the acceptance of students towards the implementation of the Basic Principles of Islam (CTU 101) course curriculum which is one of the Islamic Study Courses in UiTM (MARA Institute of Technology). The focus of this study is to investigate the level and relationship between students’ acceptance in terms of content, teaching and evaluation. This survey study involved 300 students who were randomly chosen and a set of questionnaires was utilized as the instrument of study. A pilot study was conducted among 30 students to determine the reliability of instrument used by using Alpha Cronbach with value 0.960, and value 0.964. A set of questionnaire consists of part A (demography background of participants) and part B, C, D and E (questions of variables) was used to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed by using Software SPSS version 17.0 (Statistic Packages For Sosial Science) and reported by using of descriptive statistics of min, percentage and median, and also by making inferences to analyzed the relationship among the variables. The findings of study show that participants positively accepted CTU 101 course with content min average of content 4.1733 (high), teaching 4.0693 (high) and evaluation 3.9996 (high). Besides that, correlation Pearson analysis was used to analyzed the relationship among the variables and for this study, it was found that significant relationship between the acceptance of participants with the content, teaching and evaluation aspect of CTU 101 course.  The high score of each aspect or variable and the significant relationships show that students positively accepted the course. However, a few aspects of the course should be given attention and a few improvements should be done in order to give students good perception towards Islamic Study Course.   Keyword: Acceptance, student, Basic Principle of Islam (CTU 101)