High resolution-mass spectrometry (HR-MS) analysis of Bryonia laciniosa L.

617-624Bryonia laciniosa L. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is commonly known as ‘Shivlingi’ and is a highly valued medicinal plant in Ayurveda and Homeopathy systems of medicine particularly as a remedy for infertility. In the present study, sophisticated, highly reliable, and sensitive high resolution-mass spectrometry (HR-MS) was carried out for the determination of chemical constituents present in B. laciniosa. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of saponins, sterols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and tannins. TLC of sterol-rich petroleum ether extract (SRPE) produced six major spots on precoated silica gel GF254, using toluene: methanol (96:04 v/v) as mobile phase. The spots showed green, purple, light purple to violet colour spots in the Rf range of 0.2-0.91, after derivatization with the anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent. Further, based on TLC, HR-MS analysis of SRPE was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents, at positive ESI (electron spray ionisation) mode. It indicated the presence of a total of 30 compounds including short fragments of peptides. The major compounds predicted in HR-MS: Q(quadrupole)-TOF(time-of-flight)-MS, as per METLIN database, were swietenine, ergosterol acetate, 4, 4, dimethyl-14α- formyl-5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol, L-olivosyl-oleandolide, mitoxantrone, isogedunin, 3S-aminodeconoic acid, and nisoldipine

Documentation and Analysis of Certain Macrofungal Traditional Practices from Western-India (Gujarat)

Traditional ethno-mycomedicinal practices involving macrofungi were documented using questionnaires from Jessore and Purna communities located in the Northern and Southern Gujarat. The quality of traditional knowledge within and in between the communities was compared by informant’s consensus index factor calculated for each ailment. The possibility of any relation between the traditional practices and informant’s consensus index factors was assessed as well. Alternately in order to classify the types of species usages, binary scores were allotted based on the presence or absence of species storage for later use, open sharing and specificity of the practices. Followed by this species scores were subjected to Euclidean distance dissimilarity matrix based hierarchical agglomerative clustering. In totality 23 species were documented addressing various ailments, of which 9 species were used to treat general aspects like convalescence, whereas others (14 species) were used for specific ailments. In the Jessore community 5 of the 7 ailments (41.2%) were related to skin problems, whereas in Purna community only 7 of 18 ailments (38.9%) had similar usage. The total ailments addressed and species documented from the Purna community had a greater diversity and bore higher informant’s consensus index value in comparison to the Jessore community. Cause and effect of some abnormal informant’s consensus values, rendering it dubious, are also discussed. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering revealed the influence of all the three aspects scored as above. The corner-stone species are more important than other species because they are necessary for the survival of the traditional know-how and well being of the communities engaging them and have applications. Moreover, depletion due to rampant use of such species calls upon there identification and conservation. This could be achieved to an extent by simple binary scores based clustering. Certain corner-stone species with closed (absence of) knowledge sharing were found to withhold specific practices. Those with general medicinal applications can be useful as nutraceuticals, whereas those with specific claims can be screened further in order to identify pharmaceutical potentials. In addition to this the present work mentions the documentation of traditional ethno-myco-medicinal practices of several species for the first time ever

Comparative study between the Hybrid Capture II test and PCR based assay for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oral malignancy is a major global health problem. Besides the main risk factors of tobacco, smoking and alcohol, infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic alterations are likely to play an important role in these lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of HC-II assay and PCR for the detection of specific HPV type (HPV 16 E6) in OSMF and OSCC cases as well as find out the prevalence of the high risk HPV (HR-HPV) in these lesions.</p> <p>Methods and materials</p> <p>Four hundred and thirty patients of the potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions were taken from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India from Sept 2007-March 2010. Of which 208 cases were oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and 222 cases were oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The HC-II assay and PCR were used for the detection of HR-HPV DNA.</p> <p>Result</p> <p>The overall prevalence of HR-HPV 16 E6 DNA positivity was nearly 26% by PCR and 27.4% by the HC-II assay in case of potentially malignant disorder of the oral lesions such as OSMF. However, in case of malignant oral lesions such as OSCC, 32.4% HPV 16 E6 positive by PCR and 31.4% by the HC-II assay. In case of OSMF, the two test gave concordant result for 42 positive samples and 154 negative samples, with an overall level of agreement of 85.4% (Cohen's kappa = 66.83%, 95% CI 0.553-0.783). The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 73.7% and 92.05% (p < 0.00). In case of OSCC, the two test gave concordant result for 61 positive samples and 152 negative samples, with an overall level of agreement of 88.3% (Cohen's kappa = 79.29, 95% CI 0.769-0.939) and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 87.14% and 92.76% (p < 0.00).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study concluded that slight difference was found between the positivity rate of HR-HPV infection detected by the HC-II and PCR assay in OSMF and OSCC cases and the HC II assay seemed to have better sensitivity in case of OSCC.</p

High resolution-mass spectrometry (HR-MS) analysis of Bryonia laciniosa L.

Bryonia laciniosa L. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is commonly known as ‘Shivlingi’ and is a highly valued medicinal plant in Ayurveda and Homeopathy systems of medicine particularly as a remedy for infertility. In the present study, sophisticated, highly reliable, and sensitive high resolution-mass spectrometry (HR-MS) was carried out for the determination of chemical constituents present in B. laciniosa. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of saponins, sterols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and tannins. TLC of sterol-rich petroleum ether extract (SRPE) produced six major spots on precoated silica gel GF254, using toluene: methanol (96:04 v/v) as mobile phase. The spots showed green, purple, light purple to violet colour spots in the Rf range of 0.2-0.91, after derivatization with the anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent. Further, based on TLC, HR-MS analysis of SRPE was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents, at positive ESI (electron spray ionisation) mode. It indicated the presence of a total of 30 compounds including short fragments of peptides. The major compounds predicted in HR-MS: Q(quadrupole)-TOF(time-of-flight)-MS, as per METLIN database, were swietenine, ergosterol acetate, 4, 4, dimethyl-14α-formyl-5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol, L-olivosyl-oleandolide, mitoxantrone, isogedunin, 3S-aminodeconoic acid, and nisoldipine

Isolation of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria and screening of their poly enzyme potential

129-136A water sample was collected from a high tide influenced zone of water logged area near a coastal region of Bhavnagar. Total twenty eight different isolates were obtained. Except four isolates, all were able to grow on Zobell marine agar medium with 5% NaCl. Dominance of orange pigment was found at > 20% salt concentration and yellow pigment at 10% NaCl. Among the isolates, bacilli were found dominant. Isolates were checked for the production of amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase and chitinase in the presence of 5% salt concentration. Cellulase producing isolates were more compared to amylase and protease producers and only one isolate produced chitinase. Isolate 27 was the only isolate found to have polyenzyme production potential and was growing up to 15% NaCl concentration. This isolate showed 98% similarity with Bacillus licheniformis strain ESR26 and was identified as Bacillus licheniformis LRK1 (GenBank accession number KF534782) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for simultaneous determination of quercetin and gallic acid in Leea indica

ABSTRACT A sensitive and reliable high performance thin layer chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin and gallic acid in Leea indica, Vitaceae. Ethyl acetate extract prepared from hydrolysed aqueous alcoholic extract (70%) was applied on silica gel G 60 F254 plate. The plate was developed using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid, 5:4:1 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase and detection and quantification were performed by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. The system was found to give well resolved bands for quercetin (Rf 0.63) and gallic acid (Rf 0.45) from other constituents present in the extract of L. indica. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.991 and 0.999 with relative standard deviation, 0.97&#8211;1.23% and 0.1&#8211;1.13% for quercetin and gallic acid respectively in the developed method. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by conducting recovery studies at different levels using the standard addition method. The average recovery of quercetin and gallic acid was found close to 99% suggesting the accurateness of the method. The proposed validated high performance thin layer chromatographic method offers a new, sensitive, specific and precise gauge for quantification of quercetin and gallic acid in L. indica

Quality control methods for fruit extracts of <i>Kigelia africana</i> using high performance thin layer chromatography

Kigelia africana is a tree native to Africa but also found in eastern and southern parts of India with reported anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Verbascoside, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are important markers for the quality control of the plant. Two different HPTLC methods were developed and validated; method − 1 for estimation of verbascoside and caffeic acid while method − 2 for estimation of caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Developed methods were applied to the methanolic fruit extract to determine the quantities of markers. Both methods were found to be linear, specific, precise, accurate, sensitive and robust. Results indicated that both methods can be used for quantitative determination of verbascoside, caffeic acid and ferulic acid in fruit extract. The developed methods may be utilised as a part of the quality control and standardisation for the raw material and extracts of Kigelia africana and can also aid to chromatographic fingerprinting of the plant.</p