The Specificity of Countering Global Trends

В статье предлагается лингвосинергетический анализ медиадискурса с целью выявления динамики взаимодействия национальной идентичности и глобальной идентичности на примере реализации концепта "русский язык" в современных дискурсивных практиках российских СМИ.This article offers a cognitive linguosynergetic analysis of media discourse in order to identify the dynamics of interaction between national identity and global identity by the example of the implementation of the concept of “Russian language” in modern discursive practices of Russian mass media

Status-Role Relation of Communicants in Situations of Persuasion

The speech genre (SG) “persuasion” is investigated on the material of literary-fictitious dialogues in Russian literature. The relevance of the study is determined by the presence of many unresolved issues in the field of the theory of SG, the existence of transitional and hybrid forms of SG, the need to analyze socio-cultural factors of achieving communicative agreement. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that there is a difference between SG “persuasion” in the narrow sense of the word (as one of the components in the communicative whole of a higher level) and in the broad sense - as a complex dialogical speech macrogenre of everyday communication, including, along with the actual persuasion, imperative statement, primary refusal (one or more) in the response, and the final statement with the final meaning of refusal or consent. Persuasion modelling depends on the initial mandatory subgenre, explicitness / implicitness of optional elements, repeatable structural components, achieving / not achieving illocutionary aims. Special attention is paid to the analysis of sociocultural factors of success / failure of speech actions: status-role relations of communicants, explicit and / or hidden illocutionary goal, the use of emotional and logical verbal means, the inclusion of elements of the related genre of coercion, a set of communicative strategies and tactics

Состояние и перспективы терапии хронического гепатита С у детей в Российской Федерации

Aim. To determine the number of children with chronic hepatitis C in the Russian Federation, including, who have received antiviral treatment, taking into account their age, the genotype of the virus, as well as the therapy regimens used.Materials and methods. The analysis of specially developed statistical reporting forms was carried out, the filling of which was carried out in September 2020 by specialists from 268 medical organizations from 37 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are part of 8 federal districts.Results. In September 2020, 2,160 children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection aged 0 to 17 years were under observation in 268 medical organizations, including 50.7% females and 49.3% of males. The number of children in the age group from 12 to 17 years was 42.9%, from 6 to 11 years – 34.5%, from 3 to 5 years – 16.2% and from 0 to 2 years – 6.4%. The genotype of the virus was determined in 1388 (64.3%) children. The proportion of children with genotype 1 was 58.6%, with genotype 3 – 37.2%, with genotype 2 – 4%. Only 141 (8.8%) children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection have been received antiviral therapy. 1465 (91.2%) children were not treated, but 153 (9.5%) of them received therapy earlier, without achieving a sustained virological response. Direct-acting antiviral agents treatment was carried out to 120 children (85.1%), of whom glecaprevir + pibrentasvir was received by 85 children (70.8%) in 20 regions, sofosbuvir + ledipasvir – 14 children (11.7%) in 6 regions, sofosbuvir – 14 children (11.7%) in 6 regions, daklatasvir – 7 children (5.8%) in 4 regions. Children are removed from dispensary observation after achieving a stable virological response in accordance with the current regulatory documents in 26 regions of the Russian Federation (70.3%).Conclusion. In 2020, less than 10% of children under management received antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Russian Federation. It is necessary to approve the state program for the treatment of viral hepatitis, one of the directions of which should be the provision of all children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection with modern highly effective antiviral drugs. It is also necessary to conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents for children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in order to ensure the possibility of their earlier prescription.Цель. Установить количество детей, больных хроническим гепатитом С, в Российской Федерации, в том числе получивших противовирусное лечение, с учетом их возраста, генотипа вируса, а также используемых схем терапии.Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ специально разработанных статистических отчетных форм, заполнение которых осуществлялось в сентябре 2020 г. специалистами 268 медицинских организаций из 37 субъектов РФ, входящих в состав 8 федеральных округов.Результаты. В сентябре 2020 г. в 268 медицинских организациях под наблюдением находились 2160 детей с хроническим гепатитом С в возрасте от 0 до 17 лет, в том числе 50,7% женского и 49,3% мужского пола. Количество детей в возрастной группе от 12 до 17 лет включительно составило 42,9%, от 6 до 11 лет – 34,5%, от 3 до 5 лет – 16,2% и от 0 до 2 лет – 6,4%. Генотип вируса был определен у 1388 (64,3%) детей. Доля детей с генотипом 1 составила 58,6%, с генотипом 3 – 37,2%, с генотипом 2 – 4%. Противовирусную терапию получал 141 (8,8%) ребенок. Лечение 1465 (91,2%) детей не проводилось, однако было отмечено, что 153 (9,5%) из них получали терапию ранее, без достижения устойчивого вирусологического ответа. Лечение препаратами прямого противовирусного действия проводилось 120 детям (85,1%), из них глекапревир + пибрентасвир получали 85 детей (70,8%) в 20 регионах, софосбувир + ледипасвир – 14 детей (11,7%) в 6 регионах, софосбувир – 14 детей (11,7%) в 6 регионах, даклатасвир – 7 детей (5,8%) в 4 регионах. В 26 регионах РФ (70,3%) дети снимались с наблюдения после достижения устойчивого вирусологического ответа в соответствии с действующими нормативными документами.Заключение. Противовирусную терапию хронического гепатита С в РФ в 2020 г. получали менее 10% детей, находившихся под наблюдением. Необходимо утверждение долгосрочной государственной программы лечения вирусных гепатитов, одним из направлений которой должно стать обеспечение всех детей с хроническим гепатитом С современными высокоэффективными противовирусными препаратами. Также необходимо проведение клинических исследований в РФ для оценки безопасности и эффективности препаратов прямого противовирусного действия у детей с хроническим гепатитом С с целью обеспечения возможности их более раннего назначения

Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Russian Society for the Study of the Liver, the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the National Scientific Society of Infectious Disease Specialists for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C

Аim: diagnosis and treatment algorithms in the clinical recommendations intended for general practitioners, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, hepatologists on the of chronic hepatitis C are presented.Summary. Chronic viral hepatitis C is a socially significant infection, the incidence of which in the Russian Federation remains significantly high. Over the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the treatment of hepatitis C — direct acting antiviral drugs have appeared. The spectrum of their effectiveness allows to achieve a sustained virological response in more than 90 % of cases, even in groups that were not previously considered even as candidates for therapy or were difficult to treat — patients receiving renal replacement therapy, after liver transplantation (or other organs), at the stage of decompensated liver cirrhosis, HIV co-infected, etc. Interferons are excluded from the recommendations due to their low effectiveness and a wide range of adverse events. The indications for the treatment have been expanded, namely, the fact of confirmation of viral replication. The terms of dispensary observation of patients without cirrhosis of the liver have been reduced (up to 12 weeks after the end of therapy). Also, these recommendations present approaches to active screening of hepatitis in risk groups, preventive and rehabilitation measures after the end of treatment.Conclusion. Great success has been achieved in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In most cases, eradication of viral HCV infection is a real task even in patients at the stage of cirrhosis of the liver, with impaired renal function, HIV co-infection, after solid organs transplantation

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ФІНАНСОВО-КРЕДИТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В УКРАЇНІ: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ГУМАНІТАРНИЙ ДИСКУРС У КОНТЕКСТІ СУСПІЛЬНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

The topic of the present paper is a search for the functional methods of bank management in the period of political and social transformation of society. The objective of the research is substantiation of the necessity for the government to have its own banks in order to exercise its functions and provide guarantees of stability in the state under the unfavorable conditions of a conflict of interests when the state is both the ‘regulator of the financial services market’ and the ‘bank owner’. The analysis conducted in the paper on the benefits and losses due to the state ownership of banks has shown: vulnerability of the Ukrainian banks to political pressure; lobbying for the interests of systemic commercial banks and their obtaining of preferences or special terms; excessive budget expenditures for capitalization of failing systemic banks. The experience of developed economies has been researched with an analysis of shortcomings, mistakes and prospects of state-owned bank management in different countries; banking market regulation methods and tools have been systematized. The paper focuses on the measure of nationalization, which was applied by many advanced countries; the impact of nationalizing important systemic banks is grounded, with an emphasis on the decisive role of nationalization in the transition period. It has been determined that many of the factors leading to bank nationalization are closely related to the problems of government regulation of the banking sector. A conclusion has been made that in many countries the mechanisms for corporate regulation of state- or community-owned property do not even exist or are underdeveloped, and therefore, the governments of these countries, having sufficient information and appropriately trained specialists, should be responsible for all the socio-economic processes in the state. These considerations should be translated into elaboration of a mechanism for corporate governance of strategic public property objects. A corporate governance reform involves creation of competent and independent supervisory boards that would minimize a possible impact of politicians and public officials on the operating activities of banks.Проблематикою статті є пошук функціональних методів управління банками в період політичних і соціальних трансформацій суспільства. Мета дослідження — обґрунтування необхідності володінням державою власними банками для здійснення своїх функцій і гарантій стабільності в державі в таких несприятливих умовах, коли водночас виникає конфлікт інтересів держави як «регулятора ринку банківських послуг» і як «власника банку». Проведено аналіз переваг і втрат від діяльності щодо володіння державними банками, який показав: уразливість українських банків до політичного тиску; лобізм інтересів системних комерційних банків, отримання ними преференцій або спеціальних умов; надвеликі бюджетні витрати на капіталізацію проблемного системного банку.  Досліджено досвід розвинутих країн, проаналізовано недоліки, помилки і перспективи управління державними банками в різних країнах; систематизовано методи та інструменти регулювання банківського ринку. Приділено увагу такому заходу, як «націоналізація», який мав місце в передових економіках багатьох провідних держав; обґрунтовано ефективність від націоналізації системно важливих банків, підкреслено її вирішальну роль у перехідний період. Визначено, що багато причин, які призводять до націоналізації банку, — це проблеми, тісно пов’язані з політикою державного регулювання банківського сектору. Дійшли до висновку, що в багатьох державах узагалі відсутні або неопрацьовані механізми корпоративного регулювання об’єктами державної або спільної власності, а тому уряди цих країн, маючи достатній рівень інформованості та належний рівень підготовки спеціалістів у цій галузі, повинні нести відповідальність за всі соціально-економічні процеси в державі. Ці міркування мають втілитись в розробку механізму корпоративного управління стратегічними об’єктами суспільної власності. Зазначена реформа корпоративного управління передбачає створення незалежних і компетентних наглядових рад, що мінімізують потенційний вплив на операційну діяльність банків з боку політиків і чиновників

Monte Carlo simulation of aging phenomena in multilayer magnetic structures

A Monte Carlo simulation of the non-equilibrium behavior of multilayer magnetic structures consisting of alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic nanolayers is realized. The calculated two-time autocorrelation function for the structure during its evolution starting from high-temperature initial state is analyzed. The analysis reveals aging effects characterized by a slowing down of correlation characteristics in the system with increase of the waiting time. The dependence of aging characteristics on thickness of ferromagnetic films is investigated. It is shown that, in contrast to bulk magnetic systems, the aging effects in magnetic superstructures arise not only at the ferromagnetic ordering temperature Tc in the films but also within a wide temperature range at T ≤ Tc

Monte Carlo simulation of aging phenomena in multilayer magnetic structures

A Monte Carlo simulation of the non-equilibrium behavior of multilayer magnetic structures consisting of alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic nanolayers is realized. The calculated two-time autocorrelation function for the structure during its evolution starting from high-temperature initial state is analyzed. The analysis reveals aging effects characterized by a slowing down of correlation characteristics in the system with increase of the waiting time. The dependence of aging characteristics on thickness of ferromagnetic films is investigated. It is shown that, in contrast to bulk magnetic systems, the aging effects in magnetic superstructures arise not only at the ferromagnetic ordering temperature Tc in the films but also within a wide temperature range at T ≤ Tc

Features of Structure Formation During the Thermal Synthesis of Powders Carbide-Steels from Waste Sludge of Bearing Steels

The peculiarities of structure and phase composition of the briquettes material obtained by thermal fusion of the mixture consisting of a powder slurry obtained by grinding rollers and cone bearings, titanium hydride and graphite. It was shown that after synthesis at temperatures of 1150÷1200 0С phase composition of the obtained alloy includes mainly phases of titanium carbide, cementite and α-Fe. When boron carbide introduced into the mixture too, the last dissociates during thermal synthesis, resulting along with titanium carbide in the alloy significant content boride phases - TiB, TiB2, Ti2B5 and FeB was identified. Keywords: carbon, thermal fusion, composite powder, titanium carbide, boron carbide slurry, the diffraction pattern of the phase composition.</span