Effect of the state of stress on the strain-induced martensite formation in 03Kh14N11K5M2YuT steel

The structural changes that occur in a metastable austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni-based steel during cold plastic deformation by drawing and tension are analyzed. A relation between the structure of the steel and its mechanical and magnetic properties is established. It is concluded that the stress state scheme considerably affects the rate of martensite formation. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

HEALTH-SAVING PRACTICES OF YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER PANDEMIC CONDITIONS: A PILOT STUDY

Background. In the context of the pandemic, the issue of maintaining and developing health by the younger generation, who create new health-saving practices, has been actualized. The aim. An analysis of the health saving practices of young people in a large industrial city. Materials and methods. The method of collecting information was an online survey of young people in Yekaterinburg (n = 120). Also 37 semi-formalized interviews were conducted. Results. The young generation highly evaluates their health (69 %); 56 % are self-treated. At the same time, 93 % trust the system of medical care, doctors, and prescribed medications. 90 % ofrespondents during the pandemic paid more attention to personal hygiene. 2/3 try to control stress. 51 % take vitamins. The interviewees try to exclude crowded places. Pandemic transforms perceptions of the body, which prescribes functionality and performance. Conclusions. The“repertoire”ofhealth-saving practices in the conditions ofthe pandemic changes. “Methodofaddition”is representedby actualization of personalhygiene withthe use of personal protective equipment, online communications, taking vitamins.“Exclusion method”refers to avoidcrowdedplaces. Among the respondents there are roughly equalproportions of young people who supportanddo notsupport vaccination, as wellas those who are neutralaboutit. The body is seen as a functional resource that can “work” in the conditions of the “new normality”. © 2022 Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

The use of modern ICT as tools for development of learning communication in the contemporary university

The article presents a problem-projective study, which is aimed at pedagogical modeling of the introduction modern ICT in the university educational process. The authors explore the idea that the use of modern ICT at the university should ensure the development of a variety of learning communications. This type of complex communications are a cumulative set of methods, channels, techniques, modes and formats for transportation of knowledge that form the information environment of students trainin

Expression pattern of arenicins—the antimicrobial peptides of polychaete Arenicola marina

Immune responses of invertebrate animals are mediated through innate mechanisms, among which production of antimicrobial peptides play an important role. Although evolutionary Polychaetes represent an interesting group closely related to a putative common ancestor of other coelomates, their immune mechanisms still remain scarcely investigated. Previously our group has identified arenicins - new antimicrobial peptides of the lugworm Arenicola marina, since then these peptides were thoroughly characterized in terms of their structure and inhibitory potential. In the present study we addressed the question of the physiological functions of arenicins in the lugworm body. Using molecular and immunocytochemical methods we demonstrated that arencins are expressed in the wide range of the lugworm tissues - coelomocytes, body wall, extravasal tissue and the gut. The expression of arenicins is constitutive and does not depend on stimulation of various infectious stimuli. Most intensively arenicins are produced by mature coelomocytes where they function as killing agents inside the phagolysosome. In the gut and the body wall epithelia arenicins are released from producing cells via secretion as they are found both inside the epithelial cells and in the contents of the cuticle. Collectively our study showed that arenicins are found in different body compartments responsible for providing a first line of defence against infections, which implies their important role as key components of both epithelial and systemic branches of host defence

Features of shear transformation texture in seamless pipes

Microstructure and texture in seamless 0.08C-Cr-Mo-V, 0.25C-Cr-Mo-V-Nb, 0.08-13Cr-3Ni-Mo-V-Nb, and 18Cr-9Ni steel pipes are studied in the as-rolled and heat-treated states using orientation EBSD microscopy. It has been found that all types of microstructure (ferrite, martensite, and bainite) in products, both after hot rolling and after heat treatment, have well-defined axial crystallographic texture, where the direction is predominately perpendicular to the pipe surface. It is demonstrated that texture formation in heat-treated states is inherited due to the following factors important for the rules of orientation selection during the γ→α phase transformation: 1) occurrence of stable orientation of austenite grains resulted from straining; 2) special misorientation (boundaries) of austenite grains where transformation starts; 3) orientation relationships known for phase transformation; 4) thermal stresses in a product, formed during cooling. The latter can be considered as factor determining special texture in seamless steel pipes. © 2018 Author(s)

Multifaceted contributions : health workers and smallpox eradication in India

Smallpox eradication in South Asia was a result of the efforts of many grades of health-workers. Working from within the confines of international organisations and government structures, the role of the field officials, who were of various nationalities and also drawn from the cities and rural enclaves of the countries in these regions, was crucial to the development and deployment of policies. However, the role of these personnel is often downplayed in official histories and academic histories, which highlight instead the roles played by a handful of senior officials within the World Health Organization and the federal governments in the sub-continent. This article attempts to provide a more rounded assessment of the complex situation in the field. In this regard, an effort is made to underline the great usefulness of the operational flexibility displayed by field officers, wherein lessons learnt in the field were made an integral part of deploying local campaigns; careful engagement with the communities being targeted, as well as the employment of short term workers from amongst them, was an important feature of this work

PRODUCTION OF HIGH-STRENGTH CORROSION RESISTANT AUSTENITIC STEEL

FIELD: metallurgy; production of high-strength corrosion-resistant austenitic steel.SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of metallurgy, in particular, to a production of high-strength corrosion-resistant austenitic steel used for production of elastic elements. The corrosion-resistant austenitic steel contains components in the following ratio (in mass %): carbon - up to 0.03; chromium - up to 8-25; nickel - up to 5-18; cobalt - up to 1.5 - 10; molybdenum - up to 0.8 - 6.0; titanium - up to 0.5 - 1.02; aluminum - up to 0.4 - 6.02; lanthanum or calcium - up to 0.005 - 0.15; iron - the rest. The technical effect of the invention is an increase of the tensile strength of the high-strength corrosion-resistant austenitic steel up to 2600 MPa.EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of the tensile strength of the high-strength corrosion-resistant austenitic steel up to 2600 Mpa.1 ex.Изобретение относится к металлургии, в частности к получению высокопрочной теплостойкой проволоки из коррозионно-стойкой аустенитной стали для изготовления упругих элементов. Коррозионно-стойкая аустенитная сталь содержит компоненты в следующем соотношении в мас.%: углерод до 0,03; хром 8-25; никель 5-18; кобальт 1,5-10; молибден 0,8-6,0; титан 0,5-1,02; алюминий 0,4-6,02; лантан или кальций 0,005-0,15; железо - остальное. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение прочности на разрыв до 2600 МПа

Оптимизация интенсивной терапии сепсиса на основе клинико-статистической модели PIRO

Objective: to develop a variant of the clinicostatistical model PIRO, by making retrospective and prospective analyses of cases of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock, to carry out its clinical trial, and to estimate its prognostic value and expert capacities. Subjects and methods. Critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunctions, who had signs of an active systemic inflammatory response by the ACCP/SCCM criteria (1992), the severity of the underlying condition of an APACHE II Score of 10 or more, and manifestations of multiple organ dysfunctions by the SOFA scale, were enrolled for the study. Among them, the men and women were 69 and 57%, respectively; their mean age was 42.0±1.6 years. While developing a variant of the PIRO model, the authors determined the domains of its parameters as values in the presence of these or those signs of premorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index, 1987), infection (the classification worked out by R. A. Weinstein in 2001 and modified by the author), a systemic response to infection (the classical signs of SIRD and the diagnostic markers of sepsis, proposed by M. M. Levy et al. (SSC), multiple organ dysfunctions/failures (SOFA scale) in a specific patient. Results. The data given in the present paper suggest that the use of the new diagnostic markers of sepsis in addition to the classical criteria of SIRS allowed its diagnosis to be made in the highly specific fashion; the PIRO model variant designed by the authors has heuristic, predictive, and expert capacities; it made it possible to reliably determine the outcome of the disease at an early stages of sepsis, by using the basic parameters affecting the progression and outcome of the disease and to establish that the patients who had experienced a septic episode had persistent organ dysfunction, more severe premorbid state, and poorer quality of life. Conclusion. The application of the PIRO model makes it possible not only to choose a timely and full intensive therapy strategy, but also to prevent the progression of persistent organ dysfunction/failure after a sustained septic episode. Key words: sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, PIRO system.Цель исследования — на основании ретроспективного и проспективного анализа случаев сепсиса, тяжелого сепсиса и септического шока разработать вариант клинико-статистической модели PIRO, провести клиническую апробацию, оценить прогностическое значение и экспертные возможности. Материал и методы. Для исследования отбирали пациентов в критическом состоянии и с наличием полиорганной недостаточности: мужчин — 69%, женщин — 57%; средний возраст больных 42,0±1,6 лет с признаками активного системного воспалительного ответа по критериям ACCP/SCCM (1992), тяжестью исходного состояния по шкале АРАСНЕ ІІ 10 и более баллов, проявлениями полиорганной недостаточности по шкале SOFA. При разработке варианта модели PIRO определены домены ее параметров как числовые значения при наличии тех или других признаков: преморбидного фона (Charlson Comorbidity Index, 1987), инфекции (классификация R. A. Weinstein, 2001 в модификации автора), системного ответа организма на инфекцию (классические признаки SIRS и диагностические маркеры сепсиса, предложенные M. M. Levy et al. (SSC)), полиорганной дисфункции — недостаточности (шкала SOFA) у конкретного пациента. Результаты. Данные, представленные в настоящей работе свидетельствуют о том, что использование новых диагностических маркеров сепсиса в дополнение к классическим критериям SIRS позволило высокоспецифично проводить его диагностику; созданный нами вариант модели PIRO имеет эвристические, прогностические и экспертные возможности; позволил на ранних этапах септического процесса достоверно определить исход заболевания, используя основные параметры, влияющие на тяжесть течения заболевания и исход; установить, что у больных, перенесших септический эпизод, присутствует персистирующая органная дисфункция, усиливается тяжесть преморбидного состояния, снижается качество жизни. Заключение. Использование модели PIRO позволяет не только вовремя и полно выбрать стратегию интенсивной терапии у пациентов с сепсисом, но и профилактировать возникновение, предотвращать прогресс персистирующей органной дисфункции — недостаточности после перенесенного септического эпизода. Ключевые слова: сепсис, полиорганная недостаточность, система PIRO

Struggling to a monumental triumph : Re-assessing the final stages of the smallpox eradication program in India, 1960-1980

The global smallpox program is generally presented as the brainchild of a handful of actors from the WHO headquarters in Geneva and at the agency's regional offices. This article attempts to present a more complex description of the drive to eradicate smallpox. Based on the example of India, a major focus of the campaign, it is argued that historians and public health officials should recognize the varying roles played by a much wider range of participants. Highlighting the significance of both Indian and international field officials, the author shows how bureaucrats and politicians at different levels of administration and society managed to strengthen—yet sometimes weaken—important program components. Centrally dictated strategies developed at WHO offices in Geneva and New Delhi, often in association with Indian federal authorities, were reinterpreted by many actors and sometimes changed beyond recognition