Lead contamination and its potential risks due to seafood consumption from Sentani Lake, Papua, Indonesia 2013

This research aimed to investigate lead (Pb) contamination in aquatic habitat and assess the potential health risks of seafood consumption from Sentani Lake, Papua. Water column, sediment, bivalve, pelagic and benthic fishes samples were collected in one time collection. Furthermore, estimated weekly intake (EWI) and potential health risks were determined using target hazard quotient (THQ) equation. Results revealed the concentration of Pb in water column, sediment, bivalve, pelagic and benthic fishes were ranged from 0.13 to 1.87 mg L-1, 1.24 to 3.84 mg kg-1 dw, 0.43 to 2.76 mg kg-1ww, 0.27 to 2.78 mg kg-1ww and 1.39 to 3.55mg kg-1ww, respectively. The magnitude of EWI values of Pb in bivalve, pelagic and benthic fishes showed that consumption per week for body weight of 60 kg for the local people were found to be in the range of 0.49 to 3.16 mg/kg bw and 1.13 to 10.71 mg/kg bw and 5.84 to 11.93 mg/kg bw, respectively. In addition, the magnitude values of target THQ for water column, bivalve, pelagic and benthic fishes were in the range of 0.005 to 0.035, 0.006 to 0.038, 0.004 to 0.039 and 0.021 to 0.051, respectively. All those levels have not exceeded the limit standard or < 1 for potential health risks which mean safe for consumption

Microbial Risks Assessment of Bakso and Restaurant Food Consumption due to the Escherichia Coli Contaminated Water Sources in Abepura City, Papua Indonesia 2013

-Microorganisms in drinking water sources may colonize in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and this phenomenon may pose a potential health risk especially to immune compromised population. The survival characteristics of both generic E. Coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in varied drinking water sources were investigated to assess the potential for human exposure. This study aimed to assess microbial risks posed by human exposure due to the generic Escherichia coli (MPN/100 ml or cfu 100 g) (n=20) and Escherichia coli O157 (n=20) contaminated water drinking consumption from various sources in Abepura Regency, Papua Province. Samples from Bakso sellers and restaurants source were analyzed for those two kinds Escherichia coli contamination. Risk analysis is a necessary component to assist in selecting priority hazards and identifying hazardous scenarios. Research revealed levels of generic E. coli in water (from Bakso Seller ranged from 1.5 to 35 ?? 6 cfu/100 mL, whereas in the restaurant were ranged from 0 to 12 ?? 2 cfu/ml. The WHO permissible limit is 0 cfu/100 mL per water sample in ideal conditions. The highest generic E coli count recorded was 35 log cfu/ml and 12 cfu/ml in Bakso and restaurant, respectively. E coli O157:H7 were found in the same point stations (from Bakso seller mean: 1.0 cfu/g and restaurant 0.0 cfu/g). Samples that exceeded disease risks set by the WHO were collected before the implementation of strict regulation from local health centre that regularly test the restaurant food and street sellers then set fine and punishment to those sellers who break the regulation. Disease risk from consumption of Bakso and food from restaurant in Abepura was found to be within acceptable levels. No relationship was found between E. coli concentrations in Bakso??? water and water used in restaurants. Conclusion; Quantitative results revealed the presence of pathogenic organisms and water quality risk due to the unsanitary water sources and environmental sanitation. Continued water quality monitoring, the application of household based disinfectants, and healthy domestic hygiene practices are highly recommended

ANALISIS RISIKO LINGKUNGAN LOGAM BERAT CADMIUM (Cd) PADA SEDIMEN AIR LAUT DI WILAYAH PESISIR KOTA MAKASSAR

Logam berat merupakan unsur berbahaya di perairan sehingga pada kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar perlu dilakukan pemantauan sediman sebagai indikator pencemaran logam berat di perairan karena sifatnya yang mudah terakumulasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan rancangan Analisis Risiko Lingkungan (ARL) dengan tujuan mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat Cadmium (Cd) dan besar risiko cemaran logam tersebut pada sedimen wilayah pesisir Kota Makassar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sedimen yang di ambil pada di 5 kecamatan yang berbatasan langsung dengan pesisir Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Cadmium (Cd) pada sedimen air laut di wilayah pesisir Kota Makassar, pada titik I (0,559 mg/kg), titik II (0,373 mg/kg), titik III (0,187 mg/kg), titik IV (0,186 mg/kg), dan titik V???VIII tidak terdeteksi (Tt). Sehingga besar risiko lingkungan yang terjadi di wilayah pesisir Kota Makassar akibat paparan Cadmium, berkisar pada 0,1???1,0 dengan kategori risiko rendah

Analysis of Cancer Patients Characteristics and the Self-ruqyah Treatment to the Patients Spiritual Life Quality

AIM: The research aimed is to analyze the characteristics of cancer patients and the self-ruqyah treatment to the spiritual life quality among patients. METHODS: The research used the analytical observation studies with 20 respondents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. In the research, the depression was measured with the beck depression inventory and the quality of life was measured with (FACT-G) and the spiritual life quality with FACIT Sp.12 (the functional assessment of the chronic illness therapy spiritual) on the case (experimental). Namely, 10 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy who participated in the self-ruqyah treatment program and the control group, namely 10 patients who did not participate in program. After 25 days, the cancer patients of both groups were examined their cortisol saliva and were measured their levels of depression, life quality, and spiritual life quality. RESULTS: This study illustrates that the number of cancer patients are more female (65%) than male (35%). Then, the risk of the age group, then the age range most often found in this study is the age range of 40–49 years which is as much as 55%, then the age of 50–59 (25%) and the rest in the young age group (20%). The number of respondents sampled in this study was mostly found in the middle/junior high school education gap of 40%, not at school or elementary school at 35% and respondents who had a Strata education of 25%. Most all patients who were sampled in this study had a permanent job of 30% as civil servants or 25% private, the rest stopped working because of suffering from this disease as much as 30%. CONCLUSION: There are differences in the average value of quality of life in cancer patients who do independent ruqyah therapy and who do not do ruqyah independently

Indoor Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Pollutant in Wamena Papua Province, Indonesia

The use of biomass in Honai indoor (traditional house ) in Wamena has been done for decades and became a habit honai dwellers. Because of the cold temperatures community burns Kasuari wood to warm their body. As a result , they continue to inhale sulfur dioxide (SO2) and contaminated air in the room which can lead to various diseases. This study aims to analyze the level of indoor air contamination honai based on the SO2 parameters, measuring the level of contamination and inhalation lung vital capacity of honai dwellers. Samples were collected from 30 Honai house before and after modification by measuring the concentration of SO2 levels. Similarly, 30 respondents occupants of Honai house measured for their lung vital capacity and the level of their air inhalation. SO2 samples were collected using midget impinger technique and concentration were measured using Pararosaniline - spectrophotometry. In addition, lung vital capacity was measured using spirometry while personal inhalation measured by the Personal inhalation tool. The results showed that, of the five villages average SO2 concentration was between 0.650 ?? 0.454 before modification and 0.057 ?? 0.048 after modification. Statistical test results of t - test showed that the decrease in SO2 concentrations indicated with p values of 0.000, or no effect modification in a decrease in the concentration of SO2 honai. Of the 13 respondents to rate on a standard inhalation, there was 92.3 % which decreased vital capacity of the lungs and of the 17 respondents to the category of sub-standard level of inhalation , all respondents have a capacity of lung function were normal . The results of statistical tests using yate 's correction showed that the value of p = 0.000 which means that there is a relationship between the degree of inhalation with decreased lung function capacity

ANALISIS SISTEM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH COVID-19 (ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI) DI RUMAH SAKIT: Analysis of the Covid-19 Waste Management System (Personal Protective Equipment) in Hospital

Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Universitas Hasanuddin merupakan salah satu rumah sakit rujukan Covid-19 yang ada di Makassar dengan total kasus Covid-19 sepanjang tahun 2020 mencapai 1.215 kasus dan meningkat menjadi 3.676 kasus. Penambahan jumlah kasus tersebut sejalan dengan penambahan jumlah limbah Covid-19 yang dihasilkan dari 15.322 ton pada tahun 2020 menjadi 18.925 ton pada tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sistem pengelolaan Limbah Covid-19 (APD) di RS PTN Unhas tahun 2022.  Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian (informan) terdiri dari petugas kesehatan lingkungan, kepala ruang isolasi, dokter, perawat, laboran, 3 petugas kebersihan, petugas pengangkut dan petugas incinerator. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan di RS PTN Unhas pada 16 Maret-06 April 2022. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni analisis interaktif. Input pengelolaan limbah Covid-19 di RS PTN Unhas terdiri dari disposable (masker N95, masker bedah, handscoon, head cap, shoe cover, hazmat) dan usable (goggle, boots dan helm). Proses Pengelolaan limbah Covid-19 (APD) terdiri dari pemilahan, pewadahan, pengumpulan, pengangkutan, penyimpanan dan pengolahan. Output semua proses pengelolaan limbah Covid-19 (APD) di RS PTN Unhas sudah sesuai dengan KMK No. 537/2020 kecuali untuk proses penyimpanan karena terkadang limbah yang dihasilkan tidak ditimbang sebelum disimpan sehingga pencatatan volume limbah Covid-19 hanya berdasarkan perkiraan.  Sistem pengelolaan limbah Covid- 19 (APD) di RS PTN Unhas telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan KMK No. 537/2020 kecuali pada proses penyimpanan. Sebaiknya limbah B3 yang dihasilkan setiap harinya ditimbang agar hasil yang dicatat merupakan hasil yang sebenarnya

Geographical Patterns of HIV AIDS Prevalence in the Paniai Mountain Area, Papua

The HIV AIDS Variation in the proportion of individuals living in the Paniai mountain is commonly studied. The potential drivers of such variability might due to the mix habits and traditional culture of those tribes are still not well-understood. This study aimed to examine the local variation in HIV prevalence among the communities who are living in the deep mountain of Paniai Area. The methods used in this study was observational analytic by analyzing Demographic and Health Survey data from health centre in the Paniai mountaian and. We also identified spatial clusters of HIV AIDS in each local tribe areas through a spatial scan statistics analysis. After a geographical cluster was identified, seeking methods of treatment was measures by nterview respondent and were calculated and analyzed. Results: it is identified that the HIV AIDS significantly high numbers were identified and characterized in Moutaian area of Paniai. The variation of the causal factors and traditional also effect from outside demonstrated similar patterns to those observed at the national level.