Factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards adverse drug reaction reporting in a teaching hospital

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) are common in hospitalized patients. Nursing staff spends most time in patient care placing them at a key it position to recognize ADRs at the earliest. However, ADR reporting practices among nurses is very poor. We conducted this study to identify the factors affecting knowledge and attitude of nurses in a teaching hospital towards ADR reporting.Methods: A pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used. Correct responses in the knowledge section were awarded one mark and incorrect responses were given zero. Based on responses to attitude questions on a 5-point Likert scale, best attitude was scored five and least preferred attitude was given one point. Total knowledge and attitude scores were analyzed with regards to age, gender, educational qualification, average weekly working hours, total working experience in years and past experience with ADRs and ADR reporting. Knowledge scores were also correlated with attitude scores.Results: Knowledge level was poor with 48.29±23.85% average score while attitude of the respondents was reasonable with 65.69±10.05% average scores. The knowledge scores and attitude scores of BSc degree holders was higher than GNMs and ANMs (p<0.001). Those who had independently identified an ADR had higher knowledge scores (p<0.01) and more positive attitude (p<0.001). Attitude scores also had a significantly strong correlation with knowledge level of the respondents (r=0.72).Conclusions: Knowledge about ADR reporting is the most important factor determining the attitude towards ADR reporting. Increasing awareness would be pivotal in changing attitude and thus, improving reporting rates

A Study of Students&apos; Attitudes towards the Use of Different Types of Audio- Visual Techniques for Biochemistry

ABSTRACT Lecture has been the most common form of teaching and learning process. Lectures delivered by using mixture of audio visual techniques are appreciated by students. The purpose of this study was to assess the student&apos;s preference regarding the use of different type&apos;s audio visual techniques for Biochemistry. Total 200 undergraduate medical students were participated in our questionnaire based study. Out of 200 students 115 (57.5%) are male and 85(42.5%) are female. In our study we found, 60 % of students preferred power point in combination with black board teaching and only 20% students&apos; preferred power point presentation. The 15% of students favored the traditional black board teachings than projector or power point class. A very few (5 %) of students opted for the over head projector. In conclusion of our study we observed that the undergraduate medical students preferred a combination of power-point presentation along with blackboard teaching for biochemistry. It helps in both the visual and auditory senses to absorb information

Relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin Levels and the Iodine uptake in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Iodination is the process of substitution or addition of iodine atoms on organic compounds. The iodine is reactive with all the three major biochemical constituents namely proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Present study was done to know the relationship between iodine uptake and glycated hemoglobin (GlyHb) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.The study was carried out in 50 patients with diabetes mellitus with mean GlyHb of 10.4±2 gm% and 25 healthy controls with mean GlyHb level of 5.5±0.5 gm%.The modified version of the colorimetric method was employed for the assay of iodine uptake and Glyco Hb levels were measured by 501 auto analyzer. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 10. Serum total iodine uptake was decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001) in the patients with diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls. There was significant negative correlation (r= -0.942, p&lt;0.01) between glyHb and iodine uptake in diabetes mellitus patients. We found significant decrease in iodine uptake in diabetes patients compared as to controls. This may be due to increased glycation of proteins induced by hyperglycemia which may interfere in binding of iodine to proteins including hemoglobin. Significant negative correlation between glyHb and iodine uptake can be due to decrease in the availability of iodine binding sites due to alteration in the structure of proteins, which is possibly induced by glycation of proteins, associated with diabetes mellitus. According to our study iodine uptake is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus which may be due to increased glycation of proteins

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess mRNA-COVID-19 Vaccine Safety among Indian Children (5&ndash;17 Years) Living in Saudi Arabia

The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Indian children aged 5&ndash;17 years who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to investigate for predictors of AEFI. To examine AEFI following the first and second doses of Pfizer&rsquo;s vaccine, semi-structured questionnaires were distributed as Google forms at Indian schools in Saudi Arabia. The 385 responses included 48.1% male and 51.9% female children, with 136 responses of children aged 5&ndash;11 years (group A) and 249 responses from children aged 12&ndash;17 years (group B). Overall, 84.4% of children had two shots. The frequency of AEFI was reported to be higher after the first dose than after the second (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.57&ndash;2.86). The reported AEFIs included myalgia, rhinitis, local reaction with fever, a temperature of 102 &deg;F or higher, and mild to moderate injection site reactions. While group B frequently reported multiple AEFIs, group A typically reported just one. Local reaction with low grade fever was more frequently reported in group B after the first dose (24.1%) and second dose (15.4%), while local reaction without low grade fever was most frequently observed in group A after the first (36.8%) and second dose (30%). Only prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.44&ndash;6.2) was associated with AEFI after the second dose in the study sample, whereas male gender (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.13&ndash;2.6) and prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.38&ndash;6.3) were predictors of AEFI after the first dose. Non-serious myocarditis was reported by only one child. According to the analysis conducted, the Pfizer&rsquo;s mRNA COVID-19 vaccination was found to be safe in Indian children

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess mRNA-COVID-19 Vaccine Safety among Indian Children (5–17 Years) Living in Saudi Arabia

The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Indian children aged 5–17 years who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to investigate for predictors of AEFI. To examine AEFI following the first and second doses of Pfizer’s vaccine, semi-structured questionnaires were distributed as Google forms at Indian schools in Saudi Arabia. The 385 responses included 48.1% male and 51.9% female children, with 136 responses of children aged 5–11 years (group A) and 249 responses from children aged 12–17 years (group B). Overall, 84.4% of children had two shots. The frequency of AEFI was reported to be higher after the first dose than after the second (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.57–2.86). The reported AEFIs included myalgia, rhinitis, local reaction with fever, a temperature of 102 °F or higher, and mild to moderate injection site reactions. While group B frequently reported multiple AEFIs, group A typically reported just one. Local reaction with low grade fever was more frequently reported in group B after the first dose (24.1%) and second dose (15.4%), while local reaction without low grade fever was most frequently observed in group A after the first (36.8%) and second dose (30%). Only prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.44–6.2) was associated with AEFI after the second dose in the study sample, whereas male gender (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.13–2.6) and prior COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.38–6.3) were predictors of AEFI after the first dose. Non-serious myocarditis was reported by only one child. According to the analysis conducted, the Pfizer’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccination was found to be safe in Indian children

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo Grades III\u2013V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49\u20132.96, P &lt; 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.75, P &lt; 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease