Umělá světlosběrná anténa založená na agregaci bakteriochlorofylu c s vybranými pigmenty

Title: Artificial light-harvesting antenna based on an aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll c with selected pigments Author: Tomáš Malina Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor of the master thesis: doc. RNDr. Jakub Pšenčík, Ph.D., KCHFO MFF UK Abstract: Solar energy is one of the most important energy sources for all living organisms. The light harvesting takes place in specialised photosynthetic complexes called antennas; they typically contain pigments held by a protein scaffold. Antennas of green bacteria, chlorosomes, are unique in this respect, for they do not need proteins to organise the pigments. The pigments contained in chlorosomes, bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d or e, aggregate spontaneously. This self-aggregation can be used to form an artificial light-harvesting antenna the absorption spectrum of which can be extended by addition of other pigments. Antennas based on aggregation of BChl c with β-carotene and BChl a were prepared by a fast and slow method. The excitation energy transfer efficiency between these pigments was studied. The efficiency of energy transfer from BChl c to BChl a reached up to 95 %, the efficiency of energy transfer from β-carotene to BChl c was lower. An important role of β- carotene in artificial aggregates as well as in chlorosomes is its...Název práce: Umělá světlosběrná anténa založená na agregaci bakteriochlorofylu c s vybranými pigmenty Autor: Tomáš Malina Katedra: Katedra chemické fyziky a optiky Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. RNDr. Jakub Pšenčík, Ph.D., KCHFO MFF UK Abstrakt: Sluneční energie je jedním z nejdůležitějších zdrojů energie pro všechny živé organismy v přírodě. Její záchyt probíhá ve specializovaných světlosběrných komplexech zvaných antény, které typicky obsahují proteinovou kostru s navázanými pigmenty. Výjimečnými jsou v tomto případě chlorosomy, světlosběrné antény zelených bakterií, ve kterých se pigmenty organizují spontánně, bez pomoci proteinů. Tuto vlastnost spontánní agregace mají pigmenty bakteriochlorofylu (BChl) c, d nebo e, které jsou v chlorosomech zastoupeny nejpočetněji. Díky této vlastnosti lze vytvořit umělé světlosběrné antény na stejném principu a rozšiřovat jejich absorpční spektrum pomocí dalších pigmentů. V této práci byly studovány antény vzniklé agregací BChl c s β-karotenem a BChl a dvěma metodami, rychlou a pomalou. Nejprve byla zkoumána účinnost přenosu energie mezi těmito pigmenty. Přenos energie mezi BChl c a BChl a dosahoval až 95 %, zatímco přenos z β- karotenu na BChl c má účinnost nižší. Důležitou vlastností β-karotenu v umělých agregátech podobně jako v přirozených chlorosomech však bylo...Department of Chemical Physics and OpticsKatedra chemické fyziky a optikyMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic

Toxicity of carbon nanomaterials - Towards reliable viability assessment via new approach in flow cytometry

The scope of application of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical, environmental and industrial fields is recently substantially increasing. Since in vitro toxicity testing is the first essential step for any commercial usage, it is crucial to have a reliable method to analyze the potentially harmful effects of carbon nanomaterials. Even though researchers already reported the interference of carbon nanomaterials with common toxicity assays, there is still, unfortunately, a large number of studies that neglect this fact. In this study, we investigated interference of four bio-promising carbon nanomaterials (graphene acid (GA), cyanographene (GCN), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and carbon dots (QCDs)) in commonly used LIVE/DEAD assay. When a standard procedure was applied, materials caused various types of interference. While positively charged g-C3N4 and QCDs induced false results through the creation of free agglomerates and intrinsic fluorescence properties, negatively charged GA and GCN led to false signals due to the complex quenching effect of the fluorescent dye of a LIVE/DEAD kit. Thus, we developed a new approach using a specific gating strategy based on additional controls that successfully overcame all types of interference and lead to reliable results in LIVE/DEAD assay. We suggest that the newly developed procedure should be a mandatory tool for all in vitro flow cytometry assays of any class of carbon nanomaterials.Web of Science2214art. no. 775

Silver covalently bound to cyanographene overcomes bacterial resistance to silver nanoparticles and antibiotics

The ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics is threatening one of the pillars of modern medicine. It was recently understood that bacteria can develop resistance even to silver nanoparticles by starting to produce flagellin, a protein which induces their aggregation and deactivation. This study shows that silver covalently bound to cyanographene (GCN/Ag) kills silver-nanoparticle-resistant bacteria at concentrations 30 times lower than silver nanoparticles, a challenge which has been so far unmet. Tested also against multidrug resistant strains, the antibacterial activity of GCN/Ag is systematically found as potent as that of free ionic silver or 10 nm colloidal silver nanoparticles. Owing to the strong and multiple dative bonds between the nitrile groups of cyanographene and silver, as theory and experiments confirm, there is marginal silver ion leaching, even after six months of storage, and thus very high cytocompatibility to human cells. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest strong interaction of GCN/Ag with the bacterial membrane, and as corroborated by experiments, the antibacterial activity does not rely on the release of silver nanoparticles or ions. Endowed with these properties, GCN/Ag shows that rigid supports selectively and densely functionalized with potent silver-binding ligands, such as cyanographene, may open new avenues against microbial resistance.Web of Scienceart. no. 200309

Artificial light-harvesting antenna based on an aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll c with selected pigments

Title: Artificial light-harvesting antenna based on an aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll c with selected pigments Author: Tomáš Malina Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor of the master thesis: doc. RNDr. Jakub Pšenčík, Ph.D., KCHFO MFF UK Abstract: Solar energy is one of the most important energy sources for all living organisms. The light harvesting takes place in specialised photosynthetic complexes called antennas; they typically contain pigments held by a protein scaffold. Antennas of green bacteria, chlorosomes, are unique in this respect, for they do not need proteins to organise the pigments. The pigments contained in chlorosomes, bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d or e, aggregate spontaneously. This self-aggregation can be used to form an artificial light-harvesting antenna the absorption spectrum of which can be extended by addition of other pigments. Antennas based on aggregation of BChl c with β-carotene and BChl a were prepared by a fast and slow method. The excitation energy transfer efficiency between these pigments was studied. The efficiency of energy transfer from BChl c to BChl a reached up to 95 %, the efficiency of energy transfer from β-carotene to BChl c was lower. An important role of β- carotene in artificial aggregates as well as in chlorosomes is its..

Apartment building

This bachelor thesis deals with the elaboration of project documentation of the construction of the Apartment building in the Kroměříž. The object has an atypical shape composed of two squares. Apartment building is designed for 32 people. The building is designed as a four-storey and house with a cellar. On the underground floor there are storage areas, technical backgrounds and free times activities. On the first floor is a main entrance and two flats, on the second to four flor are just flats. The building is bricked from brick block with filigree floor slab and with a flat roof

Metal detector

Bakalářská práce se zabývá druhy detektorů kovů, na jakém principu fungují, jejich rozdělení. Základní vlastnosti předmětu v magnetickém poli. Na konci je jeden z principů vybrán a zrealizován.The bachelor thesis deals with metal detector, types and principle division. Object basic characteristics in the magnetic field. Finally one of the principles was chosen and implemented.Fakulta elektrotechniky a informatik

Bytový dům s obchodem a kavárnou

This diploma thesis deals with alaboration of projekt documentation for Apartment building with a cafe and grocery shop. The building has a three-storey and partly basement. The apartment building is designed as a wooden building consisting of a wooden skeleton of glued laminated timber. The basement and the core of the building is designed as a reinforced concrete monolith construction. Roofing of the building is designed as flat roof. The land for projekct is situated in town Kroměříž on Lutopecenská street. Before of apartment building is designed areas of acces sidewalks, parking and conection to street road