Abelian 2-form gauge theory: superfield formalism

We derive the off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for {\it all} the fields of a free Abelian 2-form gauge theory by exploiting the geometrical superfield approach to BRST formalism. The above four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) theory is considered on a (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold parameterized by the four even spacetime variables x^\mu (with \mu = 0, 1, 2, 3) and a pair of odd Grassmannian variables \theta and \bar\theta (with \theta^2 = \bar\theta^2 = 0, \theta \bar\theta + \bar\theta \theta = 0). One of the salient features of our present investigation is that the above nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations turn out to be absolutely anticommuting due to the presence of a Curci-Ferrari (CF) type of restriction. The latter condition emerges due to the application of our present superfield formalism. The actual CF condition, as is well-known, is the hallmark of a 4D non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. We demonstrate that our present 4D Abelian 2-form gauge theory imbibes some of the key signatures of the 4D non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. We briefly comment on the generalization of our supperfield approach to the case of Abelian 3-form gauge theory in four (3 + 1)-dimensions of spacetime.Comment: LaTeX file, 23 pages, journal versio

Notoph Gauge Theory: Superfield Formalism

We derive absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the 4D free Abelian 2-form gauge theory by exploiting the superfield approach to BRST formalism. The antisymmetric tensor gauge field of the above theory was christened as the "notoph" (i.e. the opposite of "photon") gauge field by Ogievetsky and Palubarinov way back in 1966-67. We briefly outline the problems involved in obtaining the absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-) BRST transformations and their resolution within the framework of geometrical superfield approach to BRST formalism. One of the highlights of our results is the emergence of a Curci-Ferrari type of restriction in the context of 4D Abelian 2-form (notoph) gauge theory which renders the nilpotent (anti-) BRST symmetries of the theory to be absolutely anticommutative in nature.Comment: LaTeX file, 12 pages, Talk delivered at SQS'09 (BLTP, JINR, Dubna

Pemanfaatan Limbah Oil Sludge untuk Campuran Beraspal Jenis Lataston (Lapis Tipis Aspal Beton) dengan Pengujian Marshall

Riau Province is well-known for its petroleum industry. The exploration and production activities of the industry produce waste products which potentially contaminate the environment. One of the petroleum waste is oil sludge. Based on the PP 101 2014, oil sludge is categorized as hazardous and toxic waste (B3) that must be processed before disposal. This study aims to investigate the potential of oil sludge as a partial replacement of asphalt in Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC). In this study the variation of oil sludge addition was 0%, 4%, 6% and 8% of the weight of asphalt. The addition of oil sludge decreased the optimum asphalt content (OAC) and increased the unit weight of the asphalt concrete mixture. This is caused by the fine grains contained in the oil sludge. Based on the Marshall characteristics test results, the maximum allowable content of oil sludge that could be used was 4% with 6.43% of OAC and 1,231 kg of average stability value which satisfied the specifications of Bina Marga 2010 Revision 3

Age- and activity-related differences in the abundance of Myosin essential and regulatory light chains in human muscle

Traditional methods for phenotyping skeletal muscle (e.g., immunohistochemistry) are labor-intensive and ill-suited to multixplex analysis, i.e., assays must be performed in a series. Addressing these concerns represents a largely unmet research need but more comprehensive parallel analysis of myofibrillar proteins could advance knowledge regarding age- and activity-dependent changes in human muscle. We report a label-free, semi-automated and time efficient LC-MS proteomic workflow for phenotyping the myofibrillar proteome. Application of this workflow in old and young as well as trained and untrained human skeletal muscle yielded several novel observations that were subsequently verified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).We report novel data demonstrating that human ageing is associated with lesser myosin light chain 1 content and greater myosin light chain 3 content, consistent with an age-related reduction in type II muscle fibers. We also disambiguate conflicting data regarding myosin regulatory light chain, revealing that age-related changes in this protein more closely reflect physical activity status than ageing per se. This finding reinforces the need to control for physical activity levels when investigating the natural process of ageing. Taken together, our data confirm and extend knowledge regarding age- and activity-related phenotypes. In addition, the MRM transitions described here provide a methodological platform that can be fine-tuned to suite multiple research needs and thus advance myofibrillar phenotyping

Free Abelian 2-Form Gauge Theory: BRST Approach

We discuss various symmetry properties of the Lagrangian density of a four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theory within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism. The present free Abelian gauge theory is endowed with a Curci-Ferrari type condition which happens to be a key signature of the 4D non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory. In fact, it is due to the above condition that the nilpotent BRST and anti-BRST symmetries of the theory are found to be absolutely anticommuting in nature. For our present 2-form gauge theory, we discuss the BRST, anti-BRST, ghost and discrete symmetry properties of the Lagrangian densities and derive the corresponding conserved charges. The algebraic structure, obeyed by the above conserved charges, is deduced and the constraint analysis is performed with the help of the physicality criteria where the conserved and nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges play completely independent roles. These physicality conditions lead to the derivation of the above Curci-Ferrari type restriction, within the framework of BRST formalism, from the constraint analysis.Comment: LaTeX file, 21 pages, journal referenc

The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light for Ultra-High Capacity Data Centers

The potential of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light in data center scenarios is presented. OAMs can be exploited for short reach ultra-high bit rate fiber links and as additional multiplexing domain in transparent ultra-high capacity optical switches. Recent advances on OAM integrated photonic technology are also reported. Finally demonstration of OAM-based fiber links (aggregate throughput 17.9 Tb/s) and two layers OAM-WDM-based optical switches are presented exploiting OAM integrated components and demonstrating the achievable benefits in terms of size, weight and power consumption (SWaP) compared to different technologies

Overview of the INEX 2009 Interactive Track

In the paper we present the organization of the INEX 2009 interactive track. For the 2009 experiments the iTrack has gathered data on user search behavior in a collection consisting of book metadata taken from the online bookstore Amazon and the social cataloguing application LibraryThing. Thus the data are more structured than in previous years’ experiments, consisting of traditional bibliographic metadata, user-generated tags and reviews and promotional texts and reviews from publishers and professional reviewers. Through monitoring searches based on three different task types the experiment aims at studying how users interact with highly structured data. We describe the methods used for data collection and the tasks performed by the participants. Some preliminary results of the interaction analysis are reported

Wireless Power Transfer for Gas Pipe Inspection Robots

Wireless power transfer in metal pipes is a promising alternative to tethered exploration robots, with strong potential to enable longer operating times. Here we present experimental results, including rectification efficiency, for a prototype gas pipe inspection robot with wireless power receiver functionality