52 research outputs found
DiversitĂ© Biologique Et Structure De La Faune Ichtyologique De lâAire Marine ProtĂ©gĂ©e De Joal-Fadiouth Au SĂ©nĂ©gal
Cette Ă©tude vise Ă mieux faire connaĂźtre le fonctionnement Ă©cologique de lâaire marine protĂ©gĂ©e (AMP) de Joal-Fadiouth via lâinventaire de sa composition spĂ©cifique et la rĂ©partition spatiale de sa faune ichtyologique. A cet effet, un suivi bioĂ©cologique a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© durant les 4 saisons hydrologiques de 2015 Ă 2017, au niveau de 6 stations caractĂ©ristiques des habitats de lâAMP, avec les mĂȘmes engins et Ă©quipe de pĂȘcheurs. Les analyses statistiques ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es Ă lâaide du logiciel XLSTAT 2017. Au bilan, 120 espĂšces de poissons appartenant Ă 86 genres et 48 familles ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es. Les Carangidae sont les plus nombreux avec 13 espĂšces. Elles sont suivies par les Sparidae (08), les Haemulidae et Mugilidae (07 chacune), les Solidae (06), les Sciaenidae et les Tetraodontidae (05), les Polynemidae et Serranidae (4 chacune), et 6 et 11 autres familles avec respectivement, 3 et 2 espĂšces. Les 23 autres familles affichent chacune une seule espĂšce. Seules 2 espĂšces parmi les 70 jusque-lĂ identifiĂ©es par des Ă©tudes antĂ©rieures nâont pas Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©es par cette Ă©tude qui a permis de revoir cette liste avec 57 nouvelles espĂšces. Cette richesse spĂ©cifique est inĂ©galement rĂ©partie dans lâAMP. La station « Kher-ciment » prĂ©sente la richesse spĂ©cifique la plus importante avec 75 espĂšces, soit 59 % de lâichtyofaune de lâAMP de Joal-Fadiouth. Elle est suivie de celles du Quai de pĂȘche (70 espĂšces, 55 %), du Bolong Mbissel et Ngousse DiohĂ© (65 espĂšces pour chacune, soit 51,18 %), du Bolong Mama Nguedj (64 espĂšces, 50 %) et de la Zone « tortues » (48 espĂšces, 38 %). Chacune de ces zones prĂ©sente une richesse spĂ©cifique supĂ©rieure au maximum de 52 espĂšces jusque-lĂ rencontrĂ© dans une zone et largement au-delĂ des 18 espĂšces dâune station dominante dans lâAMP de Cayar. Avec ces rĂ©sultats, cette confirme lâimportance de ces zones pour le fonctionnement Ă©cologique de lâAMP.
This study aims to raise awareness of the ecological functioning of the Joal-Fadiouth marine protected area (MPA) through the inventory of its specific composition and the spatial distribution of its ichthyological fauna. To this end, bioecological monitoring was carried out during the 4 hydrological seasons from 2015 to 2017, at 6 stations characteristic of MPA habitats, with the same gear and team of fishermen. The statistical analyzes were performed using the XLSTAT 2017 software. In the balance, 120 species of fishes belonging to 86 genera and 48 families have been identified. The Carangidae are the most numerous with 13 species. They are followed by Sparidae (08), Haemulidae and Mugilidae (07 each), Solidae (06), Sciaenidae and Tetraodontidae (05), Polynemidae and Serranidae (4 each), and 6 and 11 other families with 3 and 2 species respectively. The other 23 families each display a single species. Only 2 of the 70 species so far identified by previous studies were not found by this study, which made it possible to review this list with 57 new species. This specific richness is unevenly distributed in the MPA. The "Kher-cement" station has the highest specific richness with 75 species, or 59% of the ichthyofauna of the Joal-Fadiouth MPA. It is followed by those of the fishing wharf (70 species, 55%), Bolong Mbissel and Ngousse Diohe (65 species for each, or 51.18%), Bolong Mama Nguedj (64 species, 50%) and âTurtlesâ area (48 species, 38%). Each of these zones has a specific richness greater than the maximum of 52 species hitherto encounted in a station of MPA, and far beyond the 18 species identified in a dominant station in the Cayar MPA. With these results, this study confirm the importance of these zones for the ecological functioning of the MPA
Biometric Relationships and Evaluation of the Density of Tagelus angulatus Gray, 1847 (Mollusca, Solecurtidae) on the West African Coasts in Three Villages of the Community Protected Area of Urok, Guinea-Bissau
Aims: This study aimed to examin the biometric relationships, size frequencies and density of Tagelus angulatus in the Community Marine Protected Area of the BijagĂłs Islands of Guinea Bissau.
Methodology: Sampling was carried out in three villages (Formosa, Nago and TChediĂŁ) of the Community Marine Protected Area. A total of 1596 individuals were collected. On each mudflat, four random transects 30 m apart and oriented from the shore to the sea were established. On each transect, individuals of Tagelus angulatus were collected on 6 plots of 1mÂČ that were separated by 10 m.
Results: The length of the individuals sampled ranged from 12 mm to 69 mm in all three of the villages studied with an average length of 48.65 ± 9.53 mm and a main mode equal to 53 mm. The results showed a positive allometry. The length and width of the species are also strongly correlated. The mean density for all three villages was 16.63 individuals.
Conclusion: Management of the shellfish industry generally requires the knowledge and use of biometric relationships to translate data collected in the field into indicators that can be used for the development of management plans. This study provided knowledges on biometric relationships and density of Tagelus angulatus
Determination of Marine Biotoxins Contamination Level of Mussel (Perna Perna) (Linne, 1758) from the Mamelles Bay, Dakar
This study evaluating marine biotoxins contamination level of mussel (Perna Perna) in the Mamelles Bay (Ouakam) of Dakar is the first report in Senegal. It took place over one year (from March 2018 to February 2019). Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) reference method (Regulation (EC) 15/2011 of 10 January 2011) was used to quantify marine biotoxins. Okadaic acid (OA) and its esters are the most problematic of all the researched biotoxins. They are present throughout most of the year, except September and November, with an average monthly concentration of 163 ”g/kg, slightly above the regulatory limit (160 ”g/kg). The sanitary status of the mussel shows two peaks of contamination, the first of which occurs in the rainy season (August) and the second in the cold season (December), with values equal to 654 and 802 ”g/kg respectively 4 to 5 times higher than the regulatory threshold set by Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of 29 April 2004 supplemented by Regulation (EU) No 786/2013 amending its Annex III and Senegalese Order No 07951 of 12 May 2017. These two peaks coincide with (i) the wintering period, marked by continental land-based inputs due to rainwater runoff, but also with the temperature rise, or (ii) the cold period with the appearance of upwelling (upwelling of cold water, rich in nutrient salts). In addition to the chemical analyses carried out on the mussel, the research work on phytoplankton and the surveys of physicochemical parameters carried out on the water at the collection site show (i) the existence of toxic algae of the Dinophysis genus and Gambierdiscus, in June, i.e., one to two months before the first peak of contamination of the Perna perna by AO; (ii) also a coincidence between the appearance of these phenomena and variations in surface water temperature and salinity, which are determining factors in the appearance and development of harmful algal blooms. Concerning the other biotoxins investigated, in particular AZA and yessotoxins, it was noted that AZA was absent throughout the year, unlike yessotoxins, which were found in the flesh of Perna perna at concentrations below the regulatory limit set at 3750 ”g/kg. The maximum being 51 ”g/kg obtained in June, i.e., 73 times lower than the regulatory threshold. In the light of the results obtained, it appears that the periods of high contamination are the winter period and the upwelling period, which could lead to closure measures to guarantee the safety of the mussels. It would be interesting to extend the study to all other bivalve mollusks and gastropods, to carry out an inventory and quantify the toxic microalgae present in the water. To this end, the effectiveness of purification techniques would be tested. Keywords: Mussel (Perna perna), Marine biotoxins, Toxic microalgae, Mamelles, Dakar. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/117-04 Publication date:July 31st 202
Tumeurs sub-mandibulaires: profils épidémiologiques et histologiques
Introduction: Il s'agit de dĂ©terminer les profils Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et histologiques des tumeurs submandibulaires.MĂ©thodes: Il s'agissait d'une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective et descriptive de 10 ans (1er janvier 2000 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2009), rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service universitaire d'ORL de l'hĂŽpital de Fann. Etaient inclus dans cette Ă©tude tous patients porteurs d'une tumeur submandibulaire (opĂ©rĂ© ou non), confirmĂ©e par un document histologique. RĂ©sultats: Vingt-une tumeurs submandibulaires ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©es. L'Ăąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 34,42 ans (± 14,10), avec des extrĂȘmes de 2 et 55 ans. Quinze patients (71,4%) Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin, soit un sex-ratio de 0,4. Les rĂ©sultats histologiques Ă©taient obtenus Ă partir de 4 biopsies et de 17 piĂšces opĂ©ratoires. Dans 13 cas (61,9%) la tumeur Ă©tait bĂ©nigne et dans 8 cas (38,1%) la tumeur Ă©tait maligne. L'adĂ©nome plĂ©omorphe dans 12 cas (57,1%), le carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde dans 4 cas (19%) et l'adĂ©nocarcinome dans 2 cas (9,5%) Ă©taient les types histologiques frĂ©quents. Treize (13) patients Ă©taient porteurs d'une tumeur bĂ©nigne, dont huit (8) patients Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin. Huit (8) patients Ă©taient porteurs d'une tumeur maligne. Sept patients Ă©taient de sexe fĂ©minin. Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude sur les tumeurs submandibulaires est marquĂ©e par une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine et une frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e des adĂ©nomes plĂ©omorphes et des carcinomes épidermoĂŻdes.Key words: Glande submandibulaire, tumeur, epidĂ©miologie, histologie
La Perte des Savoirs et Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour lâEnvironnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senelgal)
Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, lâenvironnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂč lâon peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent dâune protection fondĂ©e sur des rĂšgles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourdâhui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ces savoirs endogĂšnes pour la conservation, pose le problĂšme de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question sur la base dâune recherche bibliographique et dâenquĂȘtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă lâaide de questionnaires et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation. Les interviews sont rĂ©alisĂ©es auprĂšs de 111 mĂ©nages de la contrĂ©e Blouf.
In Senegal, the natural environment in general suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations. The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using questionnaires and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices remain and are beneficial for conservation. Interviews are conducted with 111 households in the Blouf region
La Perte de Savoirs et de Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour lâEnvitonnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senegal)
Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, lâenvironnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂč lâon peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent dâune protection fondĂ©e sur des rĂšgles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourdâhui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ces savoirs endogĂšnes pour la conservation, pose le problĂšme de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question Ă partir dâune recherche bibliographique et dâenquĂȘtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă lâaide dâun guide dâentretien et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation.
In Senegal, the natural environment, in general, suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats, and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations.
The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual, and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using interview guides and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices that remain and are beneficial for conservation
La Perte des Savoirs et Pratiques Endogenes: Risques pour lâEnvironnement Naturel du Territoire Blouf en Basse Casamance (Senelgal)
Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, lâenvironnement naturel en gĂ©nĂ©ral subit de nombreuses agressions (sĂ©cheresse, pollution, destruction des habitats et surexploitation) qui sont autant de causes de perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Pourtant, en dĂ©pit de ces multiples agressions, il existe encore des endroits en Basse Casamance oĂč lâon peut trouver une biodiversitĂ© remarquable. Entre autres milieux, figurent les sites naturels sacrĂ©s qui jouissent dâune protection fondĂ©e sur des rĂšgles traditionnelles, lesquelles reposent sur des savoirs locaux transmis Ă travers les gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les savoirs locaux identifiĂ©s ainsi que de nombreuses pratiques locales contribuent Ă la conservation des ressources naturelles, malgrĂ© les pressions multiples. Ces ressources ont des valeurs culturelles, spirituelles et matĂ©rielles remarquables. Aujourdâhui, la prise de conscience par la communautĂ© scientifique de lâintĂ©rĂȘt de ces savoirs endogĂšnes pour la conservation, pose le problĂšme de leur maintien. Le prĂ©sent article fait le point sur cette question sur la base dâune recherche bibliographique et dâenquĂȘtes essentiellement qualitatif menĂ©es Ă lâaide de questionnaires et des focus groupes qui ont permis de faire un Ă©tat des lieux sur les savoirs et pratiques qui subsistent et qui sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la conservation. Les interviews sont rĂ©alisĂ©es auprĂšs de 111 mĂ©nages de la contrĂ©e Blouf.
In Senegal, the natural environment in general suffers from numerous aggressions (drought, pollution, destruction of habitats and overexploitation) which are as many causes of loss of biodiversity. Yet, despite these multiple attacks on the environment, there are still places in Lower Casamance where we can find remarkable biodiversity. Among other environments are the sacred natural sites that enjoy protection based on traditional rules, which rely on local knowledge passed down through the generations. The knowledge identified in the biophysical and sociocultural environments as well as many local practices contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal natural resources, despite the multiple pressures. These resources have remarkable cultural, spiritual and material values. Today, with the scientific community's awareness of the interest of this endogenous knowledge for conservation, its maintenance is necessary for the well-being of local communities whose survival depends directly on resources. This article reviews this question on the basis of a bibliographic search and essentially qualitative surveys using questionnaires and focus groups that allowed us to take stock of the knowledge and practices remain and are beneficial for conservation. Interviews are conducted with 111 households in the Blouf region
The Joola civilization and the management of mangroves in Lower Casamance, Senegal
The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most productive in Casamance and the most important biomes in Senegal. This threatened ecosystem is found on the banks of Casamance river and along its tributaries, known as the bolong or inlets. The importance of the mangrove ecosystem results from its biodiversity and its ecological, economic and socio-cultural in particular functions ritual places, totem cockpit, etc. The Lower Casamance mangroves are the site of diverse traditional representations and activities of the Joola society, including prohibitions on the cutting of mangroves and seasonal restrictions on the harvesting of oysters in restricted access. We conducted research designed to understand the practices associated with the use of mangroves by the Joola society. The methodology we used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Semi-structured informal and individual interviews, as well as field observations were carried out. The results of our research show that mangroves are considered sacred by the Joola and that the practices they conduct in these areas are governed by very strict and traditional rules. These practices are animated by various representations that crystallize their behaviors in totems, taboos, rituals and the sacredness of natural spaces. However, with the adoption of monotheistic religions notably Islam and Christianity, certain prohibitions and beliefs that have preserved these spaces are disappearing and that mangroves are deteriorating. Therefore, traditional methods of in situ conservation must be preserved in order to ensure the protection of mangrove ecosystems. This article highlights the importance of Joola customs and practices and reviews traditional methods that have favored the conservation of parts of the mangrove.La mangrove constitue un des Ă©cosystĂšmes les plus productifs de la Casamance et une biomasse des plus importantes au SĂ©nĂ©gal. Cet Ă©cosystĂšme fragile et menacĂ© se trouve sur les rives du fleuve Casamance (principal cours dâeau de la rĂ©gion) et de ses affluents les bolongs. Lâimportance de cette formation dĂ©coule de sa biodiversitĂ© et de ses fonctions Ă©cologiques, Ă©conomiques et socioculturelles notamment de lieux de rituel, habitacle de totem, etc. En Basse Casamance, la mangrove est le thĂ©Ăątre de diverses reprĂ©sentations et activitĂ©s traditionnelles de la sociĂ©tĂ© diola. Elle est associĂ©e Ă des croyances qui interdisent de couper le bois de mangrove et de collecter des huĂźtres durant lâhivernage. LâaccĂšs aux zones de mangrove rĂ©servĂ©es aux pratiques culturelles (initiation) ou cultuelles (rituelles) est limitĂ© voire interdit. La mĂ©thodologie que nous avons utilisĂ©e est une combinaison dâapproches qualitatives et quantitatives. Des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s informels et individuels, ainsi que des observations sur le terrain ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats de nos recherches montrent que les espaces de mangrove associĂ©e aux pratiques traditionnelles sont dĂ©clarĂ©s sacrĂ©s et rĂ©gis par des rĂšgles trĂšs strictes et traditionnelles. Ces pratiques sont animĂ©es par diverses reprĂ©sentations qui cristallisent leurs comportements dans des totems, des tabous, des rituels et le caractĂšre sacrĂ© des espaces naturels. Cependant, avec l'adoption des religions monothĂ©istes notamment l'islam et le christianisme, certaines interdictions et croyances qui ont prĂ©servĂ© ces espaces disparaissent et les mangroves se dĂ©gradent. Pourtant, ces espaces de mangrove sacrĂ©e font partis des sites les moins soumis aux phĂ©nomĂšnes de dĂ©gradation. Par consĂ©quent, les mĂ©thodes traditionnelles de conservation in situ doivent ĂȘtre prĂ©servĂ©es afin d'assurer la protection des Ă©cosystĂšmes de mangroves. Cet article met en Ă©vidence l'importance des coutumes et pratiques diola et passe en revue les mĂ©thodes traditionnelles qui ont favorisĂ© la conservation de certaines parties de la mangrove
For more than money : willingness of health professionals to stay in remote Senegal
The study was funded through a Research Grant for International Health, H25-11, from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labour, Japan (http://www.ncgm.go.jp/kaihatsu/), and undertaken as part of the project RĂ©seau Vision Tokyo 2010, funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to the fieldwork team and to the health professionals who responded to the survey questionnaire. Thanks also to four reviewers whose comments have improved the paper. The datasets used and/or analysed in the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Contribution to the Study of the Size Structure, the Length-Weight Relationship, the Condition Factor and the Sex-ration of Shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis (PĂ©rez Farfante, 1967) in the Estuary of Sine-Saloum (Senegal)
This study was carried out within the context of USAID/COMFISH project for establihing a biological data base for some fish species including shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis to support management plans for these species. This study on Farfantepenaeus notialis in the Sine-Saloum estuary revealed that the sampled individuals are relatively small sizes.The average cephalothoracic sizes are less than 20 mm at Bettenty (male = 18.0 ± 2.9; female=18.5 ± 3.9) and at Foundiougne (male = 17.6 ± 2.9; female = 18.5 ± 3.8). The allometric rate «b» is more important at Bettenty (b = 2.94) than at Foundiougne (b = 2.75) and condition factor K is higher during the hot season in both locations (Bettenty: K = 0.80 in hot season; K = 0.78 in cold season; Foundiougne: K = 0.82 in hot season, K = 0.75 in cold season). The sex ratio of Farfantepenaeus notialis is in favor of females at Bettenty (54.6%) and at Foundiougne (51.2%). The size classes show that below 15 mm and beyond 20 mm, the number of female is higher than that of male. Beween 15 to 20 mm, male are higher.
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