FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN-SITU GEL CONTAINING CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS.

Objective: The present study describes the use of in-situ gel in periodontal drug delivery systems which contains gellan gum (0.4–0.6% w/v), pluronic F127 (14, 15 and 16% w/v), and drug Ciprofloxacin HCl (0.1% w/v). Number of peoples around the world suffered from dental problem and ultimate fear is tooth loss hence in-situ gelling system was designed for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of drug can be greatly improved by prolonging its contact time.Methods: Formulations were developed by simple solution method. Each formulation was characterized in terms of in gelling strength, viscosity, rheology, content uniformity, in vitro drug release, and syringeability.Results: In vitro gelation time and the nature of the gel formed in simulated saliva for prepared formulations showed polymeric concentration dependency. Drug release data from all formulations was fitted to different kinetic models and the Korsemeyer-Peppas model was the best fit model. Drug release was significantly decreased as the concentration of each polymer component was increased. Increasing the concentration of each polymeric component significantly increased viscosity, syringeability, and time for 50%, 70%, and 90% drug release. In conclusion, the formulations described offer a wide range of physical and drug release characteristics. The formulation containing 0.6% w/v of gellan gum and 14% w/v of pluronic F127 exhibited superior physical characteristics. The formulation stored at 4ËšC before application, which is syringeable through 21 gauge needle.Conclusion: This formulation was made to inject directly in to periodontal pocket where it immediately converts in to gel form at body temperature.Â

Coalgebraic Fuzzy geometric logic

The paper aims to develop a framework for coalgebraic fuzzy geometric logic by adding modalities to the language of fuzzy geometric logic. Using the methods of coalgebra, the modal operators are introduced in the language of fuzzy geometric logic. To define the modal operators, we introduce a notion of fuzzy-open predicate lifting. Based on coalgebras for an endofunctor $T$ on the category $\textbf{Fuzzy-Top}$ of fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy continuous maps, we build models for the coalgebraic fuzzy geometric logic. Bisimulations for the defined models are discussed in this work

Neurological deficit following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: an anesthetist’s nightmare

Neurological deterioration after regional anaesthesia, though extremely rare has been reported worldwide. A number of mechanisms like intraspinal hematoma, meningitis, cauda equina syndrome, etc. have been attributed to this dreadful complication. We present a case of a 26 year old female with no past medical history who was posted for emergency caesarean section. After an uneventful surgery under a subarachnoid block, the patient was discharged on the third day. However, on tenth postoperative day, the patient presented in casualty with bilateral lower limb weakness and backache. What was initially thought of being a rare post-operative complication of spinal anaesthesia was found to be an incidental intradural lesion on subsequent evaluation. Even a thorough pre-anaesthetic checkup may not prevent the occurrence of such incidents postoperatively

Enhancing Gasoline Range Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Using Zeolite Socony Mobil#5(ZSM-5)

In the present work, catalytic co-pyrolysis of rice husk with low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated to enhance the amount of gasoline range hydrocarbons in the bio-oil. Zeolite Socony Mobil#5(ZSM-5) was used as catalyst. The specific surface area, pore volume and the average pore size of ZSM-5 were evaluated to be 418.041 m2/g, 0.227 cc/g and 1.628 nm respectively. Optimum temperature for obtaining highest bio-oil yield for non-catalytic co-pyrolysis was 600 °C, resulting in yield of 51.26 %. For catalytic co-pyrolysis, the optimum temperature was 500 °C with a bio-oil yield of 38.87 %. H/C ratio of gasoline range hydrocarbon oil obtained by catalytic co-pyrolysis was 1.21, while the oxygen content was 2.51 %.The results of GC HRMS revealed that, the gasoline range hydrocarbon oil obtained by catalytic co-pyrolysis contained 17.65 % Cycloalkanes, 6.131 % alcohols, 31.75 % esters and 32.68 % alkenes

Effect of oral clonidine premedication on hemodynamic responses during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has rapidly revolutionized gall bladder surgeries and has now become the gold standard for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Even though it has several advantages, creation of pneumoperitoneum for the surgical procedure can have several adverse haemodynamic and respiratory consequences. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the type and extent of haemodynamic changes associated with laparoscopic surgery and also to find out the efficacy of oral clonidine premedication in attenuation of such haemodynamic changes.Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double blinded comparative study, 60 patients between 18-60 years age group, belonging to ASA 1 and ASA 2 categories scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were categorized into 2 groups as Group C and Group P with 30 patients in each group. Patients in Group C received premedication with oral clonidine 150μg and Group P received Tab. Vitamin C, 90 minutes prior to surgery. The two groups were compared with respect to haemodynamic parameters and sedation scores.Results: There was significant increase in all the haemodynamic variables in group P as compared to group C where the variables remained close to baseline values and patients in Group C had mild to moderate sedation without causing respiratory depression.Conclusions:Oral premedication with clonidine effectively attenuates the haemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum and also provides sedation without respiratory depression, thus reducing anaesthetic requirement.

Understanding Iodine Chemistry Over the Northern and Equatorial Indian Ocean

Observations of halogen oxides, ozone, meteorological parameters, and physical and biogeochemical water column measurements were made in the Indian Ocean and its marine boundary layer as a part of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2). The expedition took place on board the oceanographic research vessel Sagar Nidhi during 4–22 December 2015 from Goa, India, to Port Louis, Mauritius. Observations of mixed layer depth, averaged temperature, salinity, and nitrate concentrations were used to calculate predicted iodide concentrations in the seawater. The inorganic iodine ocean-atmosphere flux (hypoiodous acid [HOI] and molecular iodine [I2]) was computed using the predicted iodide concentrations, measured atmospheric ozone, and wind speed. Iodine oxide (IO) mixing ratios peaked at 0.47 ± 0.29 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) in the remote open ocean environment. The estimated iodide concentrations and HOI and I2 fluxes peaked at 200/500 nM, 410/680 nmol·m−2·day−1, and 20/80 nmol·m−2·day−1, respectively, depending on the parameterization used. The calculated fluxes for HOI and I2 were higher closer to the Indian subcontinent; however, atmospheric IO was only observed above the detection limit in the remote open ocean environment. We use NO2 observations to show that titration of IO by NO2 is the main reason for this result. These observations show that inorganic iodine fluxes and atmospheric IO show similar trends in the Indian Ocean marine boundary layer, but the impact of inorganic iodine emissions on iodine chemistry is buffered in elevated NOx environments, even though the estimated oceanic iodine fluxes are higher

Understanding the Mechanism of Abrasive-Based Finishing Processes Using Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation

Recent advances in technology and refinement of available computational resources paved the way for the extensive use of computers to model and simulate complex real-world problems difficult to solve analytically. The appeal of simulations lies in the ability to predict the significance of a change to the system under study. The simulated results can be of great benefit in predicting various behaviors, such as the wind pattern in a particular region, the ability of a material to withstand a dynamic load, or even the behavior of a workpiece under a particular type of machining. This paper deals with the mathematical modeling and simulation techniques used in abrasive-based machining processes such as abrasive flow machining (AFM), magnetic-based finishing processes, i.e., magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process, magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process, and ball-end type magnetorheological finishing process (BEMRF). The paper also aims to highlight the advances and obstacles associated with these techniques and their applications in flow machining. This study contributes the better understanding by examining the available modeling and simulation techniques such as Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Finite Element Method (FEM), Discrete Element Method (DEM), Multivariable Regression Analysis (MVRA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Response Surface Analysis (RSA), Stochastic Modeling and Simulation by Data Dependent System (DDS). Among these methods, CFD and FEM can be performed with the available commercial software, while DEM and MDS performed using the computer programming-based platform, i.e., "LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator," or C, C++, or Python programming, and these methods seem more promising techniques for modeling and simulation of loose abrasive-based machining processes. The other four methods (MVRA, ANN, RSA, and DDS) are experimental and based on statistical approaches that can be used for mathematical modeling of loose abrasive-based machining processes. Additionally, it suggests areas for further investigation and offers a priceless bibliography of earlier studies on the modeling and simulation techniques for abrasive-based machining processes. Researchers studying mathematical modeling of various micro- and nanofinishing techniques for different applications may find this review article to be of great help

Multiple ocean parameter-based potential fishing zone (PFZ) location generation and validation in the Western Bay of Bengal

A new conceptual framework based on satellite data, including chlorophyll (CHL), sea surface temperature (SST) fronts, relative winds, current vectors, Ekman transport, and eddies, has been developed to identify potential fishing zones (PFZ) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The framework aims to provide persistent forecasts, even under cloudy conditions, based on feature propagation. The validation of the PFZ was carried out using fish catch data collected by the Fishery Survey of India (FSI) between 2016 and 2018. Hooking rates (HR) from longlines and catch per unit effort (CPUE) from trawl nets were used to analyse the data points in hook rate categories (1.0–3.0 and > 3.0) and CPUE categories (50–100 kg and > 100 kg) and interpret them with the PFZ maps. The analysis showed that the high fish catch locations were consistent with persisting features in the BoB, such as high chlorophyll patches, SST fronts, and cyclonic eddies. The high fish catch locations based on hook rate and high CPUE were found to be collocated with the high chlorophyll persisting features and thermal gradients in the BoB. The regression analysis shows that availability of the food (CHL) had the strongest correlation with fish catch, followed by the comfort condition (fronts and eddies)

Death in the Era of Perpetual Digital Afterlife: Digital Assets, Posthumous Legacy, Ownership and its Legal Implications

After people die, their online assets survive and, often, intestate. These digital assets by themselves may not have too much significance, but the data they hold is invaluable to the legal heirs, often mired in secrecy; man lives a secret life, and these online digital assets are privy to the same. The enormous digital assets a user creates during his or her lifetime result in a sizable amount of digital footprint posthumously. The consequence of all these cybernated dossiers is as unpredictable as the death itself, for there’s no uniform practice of preservation, removal, and inheritance of these digital assets by the data handlers like social media platforms and other content hosting websites. Adding to this is the lack of proper definition and legal consensus as to what constitutes digital assets and how the deceased user’s digital estate should be handled after his/her death. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the impact of death on digital assets and the association between unbequeathed online accounts and issues of identity theft and copyright violations of deceased user’s accounts. This paper has adopted a doctrinal research method. The paper also broached the concerns about how these data should be managed in the best interests of legal heirs of the departed. The study shows that there’s a lack of awareness among the netizens as to how to plan their digital estate while they are alive, and the personal laws of succession are also not drafted or revised foreseeing this new genre of assets

Microwave assisted<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> sp</i>³ C-H activation of 2-methyl-quinoline and addition to electron deficient ketones

1153-1158A catalyst-free aqueous mediated nucleophilic addition of 2-methyl-quinolines with various ketones has been performed under microwave irradiation. The substrates α,β-unsaturated ketones and diketones on reaction with methyl aza-arenes give selectively, 1,2-addition and mono addition products respectively with good yields. A significant improvement in this protocol is isatin which gives 3-substituted-3-hydroxy substituted product instead of bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl) indolin-2-one derivatives. The whole protocol fulfils the principle of green chemistry and sustainability, minimizing the use of organic solvents and generation of any type of wastes