Investigation of dynamic stresses in detona- tion technical note no. 7

Axial and hoop stress calculation in blast loaded thin walled cylindrical pressure vessel

Contribution of congenital disorders to under-5 mortality

No Abstract

Contribution congenital disorders to neonatal mortality in South Africa

No Abstrac

Rejection-free Geometric Cluster Algorithm for Complex Fluids

We present a novel, generally applicable Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of fluid systems. Geometric transformations are used to identify clusters of particles in such a manner that every cluster move is accepted, irrespective of the nature of the pair interactions. The rejection-free and non-local nature of the algorithm make it particularly suitable for the efficient simulation of complex fluids with components of widely varying size, such as colloidal mixtures. Compared to conventional simulation algorithms, typical efficiency improvements amount to several orders of magnitude

Congenital disorders in South Africa: A review of Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme (Child PIP) mortality data, 2005 - 2017

Background. Congenital disorders (CDs) form a major challenge for those affected, and for the structuring of services around their health needs. In South Africa (SA) the size and nature of the problem are unknown because reporting of CDs has been unreliable.Objectives. To ascertain the occurrence and spectrum of congenital disorders in children dying in SA hospitals participating in the Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme (Child PIP).Methods. Child PIP has been used for auditing in-hospital childhood deaths in children’s wards in SA state hospitals since 2005. By 2017, over 60 000 audited deaths had been entered into the Child PIP database. We searched this database for CD occurrence and spectrum.Results. The number of deaths where a CD diagnosis was given as the Main Cause of Death was 243, 0.4% of all-cause mortality. In 1 678 deaths, CDs were assigned as an Underlying Condition, a 2.8% occurrence. A diagnosis of CD was assigned 1 968 times, indicating an overall CD burden in the children who died of 3.2%, many children having more than one CD diagnosis. The spectrum of CDs was wide, with CDs of the heart being most prominent.Conclusions. These new data paint a broad picture of the CD challenge that confronts the SA health system, a challenge that will increase in importance with the current decline in infectious diseases.

Transmission line filters with harmonic parallel foster sections

Conventional wideband bandstop filters use Cauer prototypes, but become nonrealizable with Kuroda–Levy transforms for bandwidths of 150% or more. Transmission line filters with harmonic stubs have been shown to be realizable at these bandwidths, but have limited performance ranges due to the fixed positions of the transmission zeros. In this article, two structures that use shunt Foster resonators that enable the shift of the transmission zeros are described. Simulated and measured properties show that greatly improved performance can be realized while not adding to the complexity of the structurehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2760hb201

Accuracy of diabetes screening methods used for people with tuberculosis, Indonesia, Peru, Romania, South Africa

Objective To evaluate the performance of diagnostic tools for diabetes mellitus, including laboratory methods and clinical risk scores, in newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients from four middle-income countries. Methods In a multicentre, prospective study, we recruited 2185 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from sites in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa from January 2014 to September 2016. Using laboratory-measured glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as the gold standard, we measured the diagnostic accuracy of random plasma glucose, point-of-care HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, urine dipstick, published and newly derived diabetes mellitus risk scores and anthropometric measurements. We also analysed combinations of tests, including a two-step test using point-of-care HbA1cwhen initial random plasma glucose was ≥ 6.1 mmol/L. Findings The overall crude prevalence of diabetes mellitus among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients was 283/2185 (13.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 11.6–14.4). The marker with the best diagnostic accuracy was point-of-care HbA1c (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75–0.86). A risk score derived using age, point-of-care HbA1c and random plasma glucose had the best overall diagnostic accuracy (area under curve: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81–0.90). There was substantial heterogeneity between sites for all markers, but the two-step combination test performed well in Indonesia and Peru. Conclusion Random plasma glucose followed by point-of-care HbA1c testing can accurately diagnose diabetes in tuberculosis patients, particularly those with substantial hyperglycaemia, while reducing the need for more expensive point-of-care HbA1c testing. Risk scores with or without biochemical data may be useful but require validation