Calidad de vida del adulto mayor en el sector indígena. Estudio de caso

El envejecimiento de la población suscita interés y preocupación en los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad ecuatoriana, el adulto mayor constituye un sector prioritario de la acción del Estado y la política pública en el Ecuador. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la situación de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor de la comunidad Calpaquí, perteneciente al pueblo Kichwa Otavalo. La metodología se basa en una lógica cualitativa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación, la entrevista y el grupo focal. Los datos encontrados indican que los adultos mayores presentan un deterioro en su calidad de vida, por las transformaciones biológicas (enfermedades, incapacidad física y psíquica) y social (autoestima baja, depresión, dependencia). Al final se propone una estrategia participativa para el mejoramiento dela calidad de vida, desde la visión de los mismos adultos mayores y la participación de la comunidad

Improved Orbital Constraints and Hα\alpha Photometric Monitoring of the Directly Imaged Protoplanet Analog HD 142527 B

Companions embedded in the cavities of transitional circumstellar disks have been observed to exhibit excess luminosity at H$\alpha$, an indication that they are actively accreting. We report 5 years (2013-2018) of monitoring of the position and H$\alpha$ excess luminosity of the embedded, accreting low-mass stellar companion HD 142527 B from the MagAO/VisAO instrument. We use pyklip, a python implementation of the Karhounen-Loeve Image Processing algorithm, to detect the companion. Using pyklip forward modeling, we constrain the relative astrometry to $1-2 \mathrm{mas}$ precision and achieve sufficient photometric precision ($\pm0.2 \mathrm{mag}, 3\%$ error) to detect changes in the H$\alpha$ contrast of the companion over time. In order to accurately determine the relative astrometry of the companion, we conduct an astrometric calibration of the MagAO/VisAO camera against 20 years of Keck/NIRC2 images of the Trapezium cluster. We demonstrate agreement of our VisAO astrometry with other published positions for HD 142527 B, and use orbitize! to generate a posterior distribution of orbits fit to the relative astrometry of HD 142527 B. Our data suggest that the companion is close to periastron passage, on an orbit significantly misinclined with respect to both the wide circumbinary disk and the recently observed inner disk encircling HD 142527 A. We translate observed H-alpha contrasts for HD 142527 B into mass accretion rate estimates on the order of $4-9\times10^{-10} \mathrm{M_\odot}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Photometric variation in the H-alpha excess of the companion suggests that the accretion rate onto the companion is variable. This work represents a significant step towards observing accretion-driven variability onto protoplanets, such as PDS 70 b\&c.Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal. 32 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, 4 appendice

High contrast imaging at the LBT: the LEECH exoplanet imaging survey

In Spring 2013, the LEECH (LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt) survey began its $\sim$130-night campaign from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) atop Mt Graham, Arizona. This survey benefits from the many technological achievements of the LBT, including two 8.4-meter mirrors on a single fixed mount, dual adaptive secondary mirrors for high Strehl performance, and a cold beam combiner to dramatically reduce the telescope's overall background emissivity. LEECH neatly complements other high-contrast planet imaging efforts by observing stars at L' (3.8 $\mu$m), as opposed to the shorter wavelength near-infrared bands (1-2.4 $\mu$m) of other surveys. This portion of the spectrum offers deep mass sensitivity, especially around nearby adolescent ($\sim$0.1-1 Gyr) stars. LEECH's contrast is competitive with other extreme adaptive optics systems, while providing an alternative survey strategy. Additionally, LEECH is characterizing known exoplanetary systems with observations from 3-5$\mu$m in preparation for JWST.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of the SPIE, 9148-2

The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS) -- Results from a Six Year Campaign to Image Accreting Protoplanets

Accreting protoplanets represent a window into planet formation processes. We report H{\alpha} differential imaging results from the deepest and most comprehensive accreting protoplanet survey to date, acquired with the Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) system's VisAO camera. The fourteen transitional disks targeted are ideal candidates for protoplanet discovery due to their wide, heavily depleted central cavities, wealth of non-axisymmetric circumstellar disk features evocative of ongoing planet formation, and ongoing stellar accretion. To address the twin challenges of morphological complexity in the target systems and PSF instability, we develop novel approaches for frame selection and optimization of the Karhounen-Loeve Image Processing algorithm pyKLIP. We detect one new candidate protoplanet, CS Cha "c", at a separation of 75mas and a {\Delta}mag of 5.1 and robustly recover the HD142527 B and HD100453 B low mass stellar companions across multiple epochs. Though we cannot rule out a substantial scattered light contribution to its emission, we also recover LkCa 15 b. Its presence inside of the cleared disk cavity and consistency with a forward-modeled point source suggest that it remains a viable protoplanet candidate. The protoplanet PDS 70 c was marginally recovered under our conservative general methodology. However, through targeted optimization in H{\alpha} imagery, we tentatively recover PDS 70 c in three epochs and PDS 70 b in one epoch. Of the many other previously-reported companions and companion candidates around objects in the sample, we do not recover any additional robust candidates. However, lack of recovery at moderate H{\alpha} contrast does not rule out the presence of protoplanets at these locations, and we report limiting H{\alpha} contrasts in such cases.Comment: Accepted for publication in A

The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey. Further constraints on the planet architecture of the HR 8799 system (Corrigendum)

peer reviewedThe LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are: The University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota, and University of Virginia

An Optical/Near-infrared Investigation of HD 100546 b with the Gemini Planet Imager and MagAO

We present H band spectroscopic and Hα photometric observations of HD 100546 obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager and the Magellan Visible AO camera. We detect H band emission at the location of the protoplanet HD 100546 b, but show that the choice of data processing parameters strongly affects the morphology of this source. It appears point-like in some aggressive reductions, but rejoins an extended disk structure in the majority of the others. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this emission appears stationary on a timescale of 4.6 years, inconsistent at the 2σ level with a Keplerian clockwise orbit at 59 au in the disk plane. The H band spectrum of the emission is inconsistent with any type of low effective temperature object or accreting protoplanetary disk. It strongly suggests a scattered-light origin, as this is consistent with the spectrum of the star and the spectra extracted at other locations in the disk. A non-detection at the 5σ level of HD 100546 b in differential Hα imaging places an upper limit, assuming the protoplanet lies in a gap free of extinction, on the accretion luminosity of 1.7 × 10−4 L ⊙ and $M\dot{M}\lt 6.3\times {10}^{-7}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}^{2}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ for 1 R Jup. These limits are comparable to the accretion luminosity and accretion rate of T-Tauri stars or LkCa 15 b. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest that the H band source at the location of HD 100546 b is not emitted by a planetary photosphere or an accreting circumplanetary disk but is a disk feature enhanced by the point-spread function subtraction process. This non-detection is consistent with the non-detection in the K band reported in an earlier study but does not exclude the possibility that HD 100546 b is deeply embedded

Significance of hepatitis B surface antigen, IgM/IgG core antibody and hepatitis B virus DNA in blood donors

Introduction: Identification of hepatitis B virus carriers in blood donors is imperative in order to avoid transmission of the disease via blood transfusion. Objective: To determine if blood donors with positive results for serological markers HBsAg and anti-HBc were hepatitis B virus DNA carriers. Methods: 12,745 samples were collected from six Ecuadorian blood banks and analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs infectious markers by automated ELISA. All samples that tested positive for one, two or all three markers were analyzed with molecular techniques to determine the presence of viral DNA. Results: 27.5 % of the samples that were reactive for anti-HBc alone and 100 % of those with positive results for HbsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HBc were identified to contain hepatitis B virus DNA (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The selection of infection markers, as well as the detection methods define the results. Performing two serological and one molecular test is important in order to identify hepatitis B virus carriers and prevent its transmission

Improved Orbital Constraints and H α Photometric Monitoring of the Directly Imaged Protoplanet Analog HD 142527 B

Companions embedded in the cavities of transitional circumstellar disks have been observed to exhibit excess luminosity at Hα, an indication that they are actively accreting. We report 5 yr (2013-2018) of monitoring of the position and Hα excess luminosity of the embedded, accreting low-mass stellar companion HD 142527 B from the MagAO/VisAO instrument. We use pyklip, a Python implementation of the Karhunen-Loeve Image Processing algorithm, to detect the companion. Using pyklip forward modeling, we constrain the relative astrometry to 1-2 mas precision and achieve sufficient photometric precision (±0.2 mag, 3% error) to detect changes in the Hα contrast of the companion over time. In order to accurately determine the relative astrometry of the companion, we conduct an astrometric calibration of the MagAO/VisAO camera against 20 yr of Keck/NIRC2 images of the Trapezium cluster. We demonstrate agreement of our VisAO astrometry with other published positions for HD 142527 B, and use orbitize! to generate a posterior distribution of orbits fit to the relative astrometry of HD 142527 B. Our data suggest that the companion is close to periastron passage, on an orbit significantly misaligned with respect to both the wide circumbinary disk and the recently observed inner disk encircling HD 142527 A. We translate observed Hα contrasts for HD 142527 B into mass accretion rate estimates on the order of 4-9 × 10-10 M yr-1. Photometric variation in the Hα excess of the companion suggests that the accretion rate onto the companion is variable. This work represents a significant step toward observing accretion-driven variability onto protoplanets, such as PDS 70 b © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]