HOW TO HELP GROUPS DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES

Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Contributions from Non-Governmental Organizations: The Contributions of the Department of Peace Studies of the University of Bradford to Strengthening the BTWC Regime

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National Measures to Implement the Prohibitions in the BTWC

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String-Dominated Cosmology

If string theory controls physics at the string scale, the dynamics of the early universe before the GUT era will be governed by the low-energy string equations of motion. Studying these equations for FRW spacetimes, we find that depending on the initial conditions when the stringy era starts, and on the time when it ends, there are a wide variety of qualitatively distinct types of evolution. We classify these, and present the general solution to the equations of motion

Landau degeneracy and black hole entropy

We consider the supergravity solution describing a configuration of intersecting D-4-branes with non-vanishing worldvolume gauge fields. The entropy of such a black hole is calculated in terms of the D-branes quantised charges. The non-extreme solution is also considered and the corresponding thermodynamical quantities are calculated in terms of a D-brane/anti-D-brane system. To perform the quantum mechanical D-brane analysis we study open-strings with their ends on branes with a magnetic condensate. Applying the results to our D-brane system we managed to have a perfect agreement between the D-brane entropy counting and the corresponding semi-classical result. The Landau degeneracy of the open string states describing the excitations of the D-brane system enters in a crucial way. We also derive the near-extreme results which agree with the semi-classical calculations.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure, latex. Minor corrections, version to appear in Nuclear Physics

Experimental unsteady aerodynamics of conventional and supercritical airfoils

Experimental data on the unsteady aerodynamics of oscillating airfoils in transonic flow are presented. Two 0.5 m-chord airfoil models - an NACA 64A010 and an NLR 7301 - were tested in the NASA-Ames 11 by 11 foot Transonic Wind Tunnel at Mach numbers to 0.85, at chord Reynolds numbers to 12 million and at mean angles of attack to 4 deg. The airfoils were subjected to both pitching and plunging motions at reduced frequencies to 0.3 (physical frequencies to 53 Hz). The new hardware and the extensive use of computer-experiment integration developed for this test are described. The geometrical configuration of the model and the test arrangement are described in detail. Mean and first harmonic data are presented in both tabular and graphical form to aid in comparisons with other data and with numerical computations

The emerging protocol: An integrated reliable and effective regime

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Creative approaches to emotional expression animation

In facial expression research, it is well established that certain emotional expressions are universally recognized. Studies into observer perception of expressions have built upon this research by highlighting the importance of particular facial regions, actions, and movements to the recognition of emotions. In many studies, the stimuli for such studies have been generated through posing by non-experts or performances by trained actors. However, character animators are required to craft recognizable, believable emotional facial expressions as a part of their profession. In this poster, the authors discuss some of the creative processes employed in their research into emotional expressions, and how practice-led research into expression animation might offer a new perspective on the generation of believable emotional expressions

The Economic Impact of a Sporting Event: A Regional Approach

This paper aims to estimate the economic impact of a large one-day international sporting event on both a regional and a city economy. In addition, it seeks to investigate the regional origins of visitors to the event, and investigates the relationship between residence and expenditure. The importance of sporting events to regional economies is recognised, but can be difficult to quantify due to the scale and nature of the data required. This analysis draws on over 5,000 spectator interviews conducted at the five one-day rugby internationals (Scotland versus England, France, Romania, South Africa and Fiji) held in Edinburgh, Scotland, during 2002. As such it represents one of the largest databases of its kind in Europe. Spectators were asked about their expenditure, residence, accommodation and attitudes to future visits. Findings were triangulated using a parallel survey of business turnover. The survey data is used to estimate the economic impact on both the wide region (Scotland) and the city region (Edinburgh). Our findings indicate that each match may be worth around £20m to the Scottish economy and £12m to the city of Edinburgh economy. We argue that although this appears large, the methodology used may have resulted in an estimate that is slightly conservative if anything. This points to a greater need for local, regional and national government to exploit the potential that such events can have. We also found that the origin profile of spectators differs between matches, naturally reflecting the origins of the visiting crowd, but more importantly there are also notable regional differences in expenditure patterns among visitors from each nation. We examine the possible reasons for this and the implications for regional and city tourism marketing strategies.