Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

Citation: Udukala, D. N., Wang, H. W., Wendel, S. O., Malalasekera, A. P., Samarakoon, T. N., Yapa, A. S., . . . Bossmann, S. H. (2016). Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 7, 364-373. doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33Additional Authors: Ortega, R.;Toledo, Y.;Bossmann, L.;Robinson, C.;Janik, K. E.;Koper, O. B.;Motamedi, M.;Zhu, G. H.Proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue serine proteases, and cathepsins (CTS) exhibit numerous functions in tumor biology. Solid tumors are characterized by changes in protease expression levels by tumor and surrounding tissue. Therefore, monitoring protease levels in tissue samples and liquid biopsies is a vital strategy for early cancer detection. Water-dispersable Fe/Fe3O4-core/shell based nanoplatforms for protease detection are capable of detecting protease activity down to sub-femtomolar limits of detection. They feature one dye (tetrakis(carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP)) that is tethered to the central nanoparticle by means of a protease-cleavable consensus sequence and a second dye (Cy 5.5) that is directly linked. Based on the protease activities of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), MMPs 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 13, as well as CTS B and L, human breast cancer can be detected at stage I by means of a simple serum test. By monitoring CTS B and L stage 0 detection may be achieved. This initial study, comprised of 46 breast cancer patients and 20 apparently healthy human subjects, demonstrates the feasibility of protease-activity-based liquid biopsies for early cancer diagnosis

False friends in the Fanfanyu

In the present article, a remarkable phenomenon is brought to the attention of those interested in early Chinese translations of Buddhist texts: false friends in the Fanfanyu (T54n2130). Baochang's Sanskrit-Chinese lexicon that was compiled as early as 517 AD reveals some curious examples of faux amis. In the present contribution, this case will be illustrated with references from the Shanjian lü piposha (T24n1462), a fifth century Chinese translation of the Samantapāsādikā, Buddhaghosa's commentary on the Pāli Vinaya. The fact that Baochang did not realise that this text was not translated from Sanskrit, inadvertently gave rise to some interesting jeux de mots

Parametric Investigations of the Induced Shear Stress by a Laser-Generated Bubble

The present paper focuses on the simulation of the growth and collapse of a bubble in the vicinity of a wall. Both liquid and gas phases are assumed compressible, and their interaction is handled with the volume-of-fluid method. The main interest is to quantify the influence of the induced shear stress and pressure pulse in the vicinity of the wall for a variety of bubble sizes and bubble–wall distances. The results are validated against prior experimental results, such as the measurements of the bubble size, induced pressure field, and shear stress on the wall. The simulation predictions indicate that the wall in the vicinity of the bubble is subjected both to high shear stresses and large pressure pulses because of the growth and collapse of the bubble. In fact, pressure levels of 100 bar or more and shear stresses up to 25 kPa have been found at localized spots on the wall surface, at the region around the bubble. Moreover, the simulations are capable of providing additional insight to the experimental investigation, as the inherent limitations of the latter are avoided. The present work may be considered as a preliminary investigation in optimizing bubble energy and wall generation distance for ultrasound cleaning applications

Encyclopaedia of Buddhism /

Vol. 3, pt. 4; v. 4, pts. 1-2: editor-in-chief, Jotiya Dhirasekera.Vol. 4, pts. 3-4; v. 5, pts. 1-4; v. 6, pts. ; v. 7, pt. 1: editor-in-chief, W.G. Weeraratne.Vol. 3, pts. 3-4; v. 4, pts. 1-4; v. 5, pts. 1-4; v. 6, pts. published by the Govt. of Sri Lanka.Vol. 6, pts. ; v. 7, pts. 1-2 -: published by the Dept. of Buddhist Affairs, Ministry of Buddhasāsana."The compilation of an Encyclopaedia of Buddhism in the English language was one of the several undertakings of the Laṅkā Buaddha Maṇḍalaya (Buddhist Council of Ceylon) ... in 1955 ... [It was] transferred to [the Ministry of Cultural Affairs in 1956]."Issued in parts.Somes vols. have supplements.Herkomst: Collectie Couvreur (L18)V. 1, fasc. 1. A--AcalaV. 1, fasc. 2. Acala--Ākaṅkheyya SuttaV. 1, fasc. 3. Ākaṅkheyya Sutta--AnabhiratiV. 1, fasc. 4. Anabhisamaya Sutta--Aoki, BunkyōV. 2, fasc. 1. Āpa--Asita DevalaV. 2, fasc. 2. Asita Devala--Atthaka VaggaV. 2, fasc. 3. Atthahakula Sutta--Azuchi-MondōV. 2, fasc. 4. Ba--BhārhutV. 3, fasc. 1. Bhārini-deva--Bodaishinron-kenmonV. 3, fasc. 2. Bode--BudalaviṭṭhiV. 3, fasc. 3. Buddha--BurlingameV. 3, fasc. 4. Burma--Caura-vidhvaṃsanaV. 4, fasc. 1. Causality--CittavisuddhiV. 4, fasc. 2. Cittaviśuddhipprakaraṇa--DemocracyV. 4, fasc. 3. Demonology--DhammadhātuV. 4, fasc. 4. Dhammadhātu--DveṣaV. 5, fasc. 1. Earth--Extra-sensory perceptionV. 5, fasc. 2. Extra-sensory perception--GoliV. 5, fasc. 3. Good and evil--Hung-iV. 5, fasc. 4. Hung-i--JapanV. 6, fasc. 1. Jarā-KāśyapīyaV. 6, fasc. 2. Kāśyapīya--LobhaV. 6, fasc. 3. Lobha--MahāvaṃsaV. 6, fasc. 4. Mahāvaṃsa--Minayeff, J.P.V. 7, fasc. 1. Mind--NyāyapravesaV. 7, fasc. 2. Odantapuri--Petavatthu, VimānavatthuV. 7, fasc. 3. Petavatthů--SaddhammapajjotikāV. 7, fasc. 4. Saddhammappakāsinī--SāsanavaṃsaV. 8, fasc. 1. Sātavāhana--Syāmopāli NikāyaV. 8, fasc. 2. Taiwān--UttarīmanussadhammaV. 8, fasc. 3. Vācā--Zhong-a-ha

Healing through giving testimony: An empirical study with Sri Lankan torture survivors

Sri Lanka has recently emerged from a three decade long civil war between government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Behind the actual arena of conflict, forms of organised violence were often perpetrated on ordinary Sri Lankans who came into contact with law enforcement officials and other state authorities. The effects of these encounters on mental health, well-being, and community participation can be severe and long-lasting. Considering the generally poor availability of mental health services in many low-income countries, brief efficient interventions are required to enhance the lives of individuals and their families affected by torture, trauma, or displacement. In this context, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of testimonial therapy in ameliorating the distress of Sri Lankan survivors of torture and ill-treatment. The results indicated that over a 2- to 3-month period, psychosocial functioning was significantly enhanced in the therapy group compared to the waitlist control group. The general benefits of testimonial therapy, the ease with which it can be incorporated into ongoing human rights activities, and its application by trained nonprofessionals encourage greater use of the approach