Hub-and-spoke Interoperability: an out of the skies approach for large-scale data interoperability

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresData Interoperability is a key challenge in large-scale heterogeneous environments. In here, interoperability via standards is not feasible or even possible; then, the classic approach, Point-to-Point (P2P) Interoperability, presents here two key problems: the trouble of non-modifiable systems that inhibit full possible interoperability and the excessive quantity of interoperability resources needed for establishing interoperability. A new approach is required for sustaining interoperability in those environments! Laterally thinking, commercial air transportation environments exhibit similar properties and problems to Data Interoperability environments and therefore face comparable difficulties. Outstanding approaches such as scissor-hub operations and the hub-andspoke paradigm have managed to address those challenges in commercial air transportation environments. Which, looking from data interoperability perspective, raises the idea of Mediated Interoperability and Interoperability Compositions. From there, a novel approach for data interoperability is proposed, the Hub-and-Spoke(H&S) Interoperability, as the hypothesis for addressing data interoperability in largescale environments. The H&S Interoperability approach fully solves the interoperability coverage problem and significantly reduces the number of resources needed for realising interoperability, thus outperforming P2P Interoperability. At the end, it is provided a technological realisation of the H&S approach, as the Plug’n’Interoperate solution, built upon plug-and-play principles applied to data interoperability

Improving Attack Trees Analysis using Petri Net modeling of Cyber-Attacks

Publisher Copyright: © 2019 IEEE.Cyber security is one general concern to all network-based organizations. In recent years, by significant increasing cyber-attacks in critical infrastructures (CIs) the need of smart prediction, awareness and protection systems is not deniable. The first step for security assessment is on recognizing and analyzing attacks. In this paper, one of the graphical security assessments named Attack Tree (AT) is used to illustrate one kind of cyber-attacks scenario in Industry 4.0 and the system's behavior is analyzed by Petri Nets.authorsversionpublishe

Annotation rules for XML schemas with grouped semantic annotations

45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society: Lisbon, Portugal: oct. 14-17, 2019To enable the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), it is required to ensure Machine-to-Machine communications. Systems/devices often use different communication protocols, standards, and data representation languages, which create interoperability challenges. This paper proposes a set of annotation rules for systems meta-data, to support the translation of data exchanged between heterogeneous systems. These rules must be followed to ensure the validity of systems meta-data (XML Schemas annotated with semantic annotations and group identifiers). The meta-data can then be used as input in tools to analyze data and semantic compatibility and generate translators

JSON Schemas with Semantic Annotations Supporting Data Translation

Funding Information: Funding: This research was partially funded by EU ECSEL Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement n° 826452 (project Arrowhead Tools).As service-oriented architectures are a solution for large distributed systems, interoperabil-ity between these systems, which are often heterogeneous, can be a challenge due to the different syntax and semantics of the exchanged messages or even different data interchange formats. This paper addresses the data interchange format and data interoperability issues between XML-based and JSON-based systems. It proposes novel annotation mechanisms to add semantic annotations and complement date values to JSON Schemas, enabling an interoperability approach for JSON-based systems that, until now, was only possible for XML-based systems. A set of algorithms supporting the translation from JSON Schema to XML Schema, JSON to XML, and XML to JSON is also pro-posed. These algorithms were implemented in an existing prototype tool, which now supports these systems’ interoperability through semantic compatibility verification and the automatic generation of translators.publishersversionpublishe

Energy Consumption Awareness for Resource-Constrained Devices: Extension to FPGA

The devices running embedded applications tend to be battery-powered, and the energy efficiency of their operations is an important enabler for the wide adoption of the Internet-of-Things. Optimization of energy usage depends on modelling power consumption. A model-based simulation must consider parameters that depend on the device used, the operating system, and the distributed application under study. A realistic simulation thus depends on knowledge regarding how and when devices consume energy. This paper presents an approach to direct measurement of energy consumed in the different execution states of the device. We present the architecture and the measurement process that were implemented. We provide a reference architecture, whose constituent parts can be implemented in different manners, e.g. the processing unit of the device can be the chip on a mote, or an Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation. Details are given regarding the setup of the experimental tests, and a discussion of the results hints at which architecture is the best for each application under study. The presented methodology can be extended easily to new architectures and applications, to streamline the process of building realistic models of power consumption.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Challenges and Founding Pillars for a Manufacturing Platform to Support Value Networks Operating in a Circular Economy Framework

This research received no external funding. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Circularity is clearly a competitive advantage and a market opportunity for European industries. From this perspective, while digitalization is largely recognized as an accelerator and an enabler of Circular Economy, the fact that European industry is strong but fragmented (highly special-ized medium-and small-sized companies have different needs and different tools) naturally results in the proliferation of commercial platforms for digitalized manufacturing. If such fragmentation is not properly addressed, it will eventually become a threat to European competitiveness. Despite some examples, value networks still do not operate in a seamless, transparent, and effective way. This paper addresses the challenges and the resulting technical funding pillars for an IDS (International Data Space) manufacturing platform meant to empower a fully digital circular thread of products and services.publishersversionpublishe

Street food in Maputo, Mozambique: The coexistence of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in a country under nutrition transition

The aim was to characterise the extent of processing and nutritional composition of the street foods offered in Maputo, Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October November 2014 in the urban district of KaMpfumu. Twenty public transport stops were randomly selected, around which 500 meters buffers were drawn. All streets within these buffers were can-vassed to identify all street food vending sites. Street food offer was assessed through interviews. Nutritional composition was estimated using standardised recipes (for homemade foods), food labels (for industrial products) and food composition tables (for in natura foods). The processing extent was classified using the NOVA food classification. A total of 810 vending sites were assessed. Unprocessed/minimally processed foods were available at 70.5% of vending sites (mainly fruit, water, and tea) and ultra-processed foods at 59.0% (mostly cakes, cookies, confectionery, and soft drinks). Energy content per 100 g of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was significantly lower than in all other food groups. In all food groups, contribution to total energy value was highest for carbohydrates (range: 33.151.2%), followed by fats (range: 29.336.0%) and protein (range: 6.818.6%). Public health policies targeting the improvement of this urban food environment should consider not only the nutritional composition but also the processing extent of the foods and beverages available. (c) 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

The Way Cyber Physical Systems Will Revolutionise Maintenance

30th Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management (COMADEM 2017). 10 to 13, Jul, 2017. Preston, United Kingdom.The way maintenance is carried out is altering rapidly. The introduction of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and cloud technologies are providing new technological possibilities that change dramatically the way it is possible to follow production machinery and the necessity to carry out maintenance. In the near future, the number of machines that can be followed from remoteness will explode. At the same time, it will be conceivable to carry out local diagnosis and prognosis that support the adaptation of Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) i.e. financial optimisation can drive the decision whether a machine needs maintenance or not. Further to this, the cloud technology allows to accumulate relevant data from numerous sources that can be used for further improvement of the maintenance practices. The paper goes through the new technologies that have been mentioned above and how they can be benefitted from in practise.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Pilot for Proactive Maintenance in Industry 4.0

13th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2017). 31, May to 2, Jun, 2017. Trondheim, Norway.The reliability and safety of industrial machines depends on their timely maintenance. The integration of Cyber Physical Systems within the maintenance process enables both continuous machine monitoring and the application of advanced techniques for predictive and proactive machine maintenance. The building blocks for this revolution – embedded sensors, efficient preprocessing capabilities, ubiquitous connection to the internet, cloud-based analysis of the data, prediction algorithms, and advanced visualization methods – are already in place, but several hurdles have to be overcome to enable their application in real scenarios, namely: the integration with existing machines and existing maintenance processes. Current research and development efforts are building pilots and prototypes to demonstrate the feasibility and the merits of advanced maintenance techniques, and this paper describes a system for the industrial maintenance of sheet metal working machineryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

OSSMETER: Automated measurement and analysis of open source software

International audienceDeciding whether an open source software (OSS) meets the requiredstandards for adoption in terms of quality, maturity, activity of development anduser support is not a straightforward process. It involves analysing various sourcesof information, including the project’s source code repositories, communicationchannels, and bug tracking systems. OSSMETER extends state-of-the-art techniquesin the field of automated analysis and measurement of open-source software(OSS), and develops a platform that supports decision makers in the processof discovering, comparing, assessing and monitoring the health, quality, impactand activity of opensource software. To achieve this, OSSMETER computestrustworthy quality indicators by performing advanced analysis and integrationof information from diverse sources including the project metadata, source coderepositories, communication channels and bug tracking systems of OSS projects