うどん,そーめん,そばおよび中華そばのクッキング速度式に関する研究

各種のクッキング装置を,設計,制御化をしていくためにクッキング速度式の設定が必要である。前報において,米1～5),その他6～10)に対し,クッキング速度式に関する研究を行なってきた。 本報では,前報のスパゲティとひやむぎ10)に引続き,うどん,そーめん,そばおよび中華そばのクッキング速度式に関する研究を行なった。これらのめん類のクッキング速度を,クッキング温度70～99.5℃において,重量測定法により求めることができた。クッキング速度式は,2種の形で表わされた。一つの形は,n次の経験的速度式,もう一つの形は,殻状吸水モデルに基づいた半理論的速度式である。前者の速度式に対する活性化エネルギーの値は,うどん,そーめん,そばおよび中華そばに対し,それぞれ約13,8,11および10kcal/g-molとなった。これらの値は,前報において,スパゲティとひやむぎに対し得られた値9と11kcal/g-molによく似た値である。以上の結果より,めん類のクッキング速度は,おそらく水の拡散速度に律速され,デンプン成分と水の化学的反応速度が無視できるのではないかと推察される。In order to design and to control automatically various cooking apparatuses, it is necessary to determine the cooking-rate equations. In previous papers, we have studied the cooking rate equations of rice1-5) and so on6-10). In the present paper, we took up the cooking-rate equations of udon, somen, soba and Chuka soba following the one of spagetti and hiyamugi10). The cooking rates of noodles were obtained by the weighing method at the cooking temperature of 70~99.5°C. The cooking-rate equations were postulated in two types; one type is a n-th order empirical rate equation and the other is a semi-theoritical rate equation based on the water-soaking-shell model. The activation energy for the former rate equation was about 13, 8, 11 and 10 kcal/g-mol on the cooking of udon, somen, soba and Chuka soba, respectively. These values are very similar to the values of 9 and 11 kcal/g-mol obtained for spagetti and hiyamugi in the previous paper10). From the results, we may deduce that the cooking rate of noodles is perhaps limited by the diffusion rate of water, and the chemical reaction rate of starch components with water is perhaps negligible

TAT の反応領域からみた摂食障害者の心理的特徴

本研究はTAT の反応領域を手がかりに,摂食障害(Eating Disorder)の人の認知の在り方をイメージのレベルで検討し,心性の理解を試みた。TAT 図版1,2,12BG,19への反応領域を統制群と摂食障害群とで比較したところ,先行研究とは異なり,細部であるDd,d領域についての認知に有意差がなく,大部分の人が認知するD 領域についての言及が少なかった。また事例を検討したところ,D 領域についての言及の少なさには,内面の参照の難しさ,女性イメージの身体性に対する拒絶,情緒や葛藤を分化させることの難しさなどが推測された。摂食障害は認知の歪みによって起こるということが従来言われているが,本研究から認知の背景にあるコンプレックスの圧倒的な力が推測されたことから,治療においては認知を現実レベルで修正するのではなく,イメージレベルのものとして扱っていくことが重要ではないかと考えられた

Genetic association of glutathione peroxidase-1 with coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetes: a case control study with multi-slice computed tomography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although oxidative stress by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes has become evident, it remains unclear what genes, involved in redox balance, would determine susceptibility for development of atherosclerosis in diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of genetic polymorphism of enzymes producing or responsible for reducing ROS on coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An index for coronary-arteriosclerosis, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was evaluated in 91 T2D patients using a multi-slice computed tomography. Patients were genotyped for ROS-scavenging enzymes, <it>Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1)</it>, <it>Catalase, Mn-SOD</it>, <it>Cu/Zn-SOD</it>, as well as SNPs of <it>NADPH oxidase </it>as ROS-promoting elements, genes related to onset of T2D (<it>CAPN10, ADRB3, PPAR gamma, FATP4</it>). Age, blood pressure, BMI, HbA_1c, lipid and duration of diabetes were evaluated for a multivariate regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CACS with Pro/Leu genotype of the <it>GPx-1 </it>gene was significantly higher than in those with Pro/Pro (744 ± 1,291 vs. 245 ± 399, respectively, <it>p </it>= 0.006). In addition, genotype frequency of Pro/Leu in those with CACS ≥ 1000 was significantly higher than in those with CACS < 1000 (45.5% vs. 18.8%; <it>OR </it>= 3.61, <it>CI </it>= 0.97–13.42; <it>p </it>= 0.045) when tested for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that CACS significantly correlated with <it>GPx-1 </it>genotypes and age.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The presence of Pro197Leu substitution of the <it>GPx-1 </it>gene may play a crucial role in determining genetic susceptibility to coronary-arteriosclerosis in T2D. The mechanism may be associated with a decreased ability to scavenge ROS with the variant <it>GPx-1</it>.</p

Explicit and implicit effects of gaming content on social media on the behavior of young adults

Excessive gameplay can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, especially among young people. Nowadays, social media platforms are bombarding users with gaming-related content daily. Understanding the effect of this content on people’s behavior is essential to gain insight into problematic gaming habits. However, this issue is yet to be studied extensively. In this study, we examined how gaming-related content on social media affects young adults explicitly and implicitly. We studied 25 healthy young adults (average age 21.5 ± 2.2) who played online games casually and asked them to report their gaming desire. We also conducted an implicit association test (IAT) to measure their implicit attitudes toward gaming-related content. We also investigated the relationship between these measures and various psychological factors, such as personality traits, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cognitive flexibility. The results revealed that participants had a higher explicit gaming desire when exposed to gaming-related cues on social media than neutral cues. They also had a robust positive implicit attitude toward gaming-related content on social media. Explicit gaming desire was positively correlated with neuroticism levels. Furthermore, the IAT effect was negatively correlated with self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility levels. However, there were no significant correlations between explicit gaming desire/IAT effect and impulsiveness levels. These findings suggest that gaming-related content on social media can affect young adults’ behavior both explicitly and implicitly, highlighting the need for further research to prevent gaming addiction in vulnerable individuals

Influenza H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia often resembles rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease seen in collagen vascular diseases and COVID-19 pneumonia; CT-pathologic correlation in 24 patients

To describe computed tomography (CT) findings of influenza H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia (IH1N1VAP), and to correlate CT findings to pathological ones. The study included 24 patients with IH1N1VAP. Two observers independently evaluated the presence, distribution, and extent of CT findings. CT features were divided into either classical form (C-form) or non-classical form (NC-form). C-form included: A.) broncho-bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia type, whereas NC-forms included: B.) diffuse peribronchovascular type, simulating subacute rheumatoid arthritis-associated (RA) interstitial lung disease (ILD) and C.) lower peripheral and/or peribronchovascular type, resembling dermatomyositis-associated ILD and COVID-19 pneumonia. In 10 cases with IH1N1VAP where lung biopsy was performed, CT and pathology findings were correlated. The most common CT findings were ground-glass opacities (24/24, 100 %) and airspace consolidation (23/24, 96 %). C-form was found in 11 (46 %) patients while NC-form in 13 (54 %). Types A, B, and C were seen in 11(46 %), 4 (17 %), and 9 (38 %) patients, respectively. The lung biopsy revealed organizing pneumonia in all patients and 6 patients (60 %) showed incorporated type organizing pneumonia that was common histological findings of rapidly progressive ILD. In almost half of patients of IH1N1VAP, CT images show NC-form pneumonia pattern resembling either acute or subacute RA or dermatomyositis-associated ILD and COVID-19 pneumonia

心理学に対する専攻動機と期待に関する調査研究

本研究の目的は,「1:専攻志望動機と専攻への期待について量的な検証が可能な尺度を作成すること」,「2:非心理学専攻学生との比較検討を行い,心理学専攻学生の専攻志望動機と専攻への期待について明らかにすること」の2つであった.検討の結果,まず専攻志望動機と専攻への期待について,一定の信頼性と妥当性が確認された尺度が作成された. また専攻志望動機については,「自他経験・問題解決」得点と「専門性獲得」因子が心理学専攻学生に有意に高いという結果が得られた.さらに心理学への期待についても,「自他理解・問題解決」得点と「専門性獲得」得点が心理学専攻学生に有意に高いという結果であった.これらのことから,心理学専攻学生は自他の否定的経験が契機となり,心理学を学ぶことで自己の問題解決を試みようとすること,そして他者の問題解決のための専門的スキルを獲得しようとするという筆者らの仮説がより支持されたと考えられた

心理学に対する期待及び大学の専攻動機の変化過程に関する調査研究

関西圏私立四年制大学在籍の学生187名を対象とした『大学において「心理学」を学ぶことの期待』に関する質問紙調査,及び同20名を対象とした『大学の専攻動機と,その変化過程』に関する半構造化面接調査を実施した.心理学系学生は非心理学系学生に比べて,資格取得を心理学に期待する傾向や,他者の問題解決のための能力獲得を期待する傾向が示されたことから,心理学を学ぶことで臨床心理士をはじめとする対人援助職を志している可能性が推測された.一方面接調査において,「内的なもののため」という動機が心理学系学生にのみみられたことに加えて,「仕事のため」,「適性のため」という動機も,他者理解や他者援助が主軸として置かれていたわけではないことから,動機の側面からみた心理学への期待は他者理解・他者援助よりもむしろ,自己理解・自己援助のためといえた.考察では,これらの質問紙調査と面接調査の結果の矛盾について検討した

Successful management of refractory pleural effusion due to systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis by vincristine adriamycin dexamethasone chemotherapy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Refractory pleural effusion in systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis without cardiac decompensation is rarely reported and has a poor prognosis in general (a median survival of 1.6 months). Moreover, the optimum treatment for this condition is still undecided. This is the first report on the successful use of vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone chemotherapy for refractory pleural effusion due to systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis without cardiac decompensation.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 68-year old Japanese male with systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis presenting with bilateral pleural effusion (more severe on the right side) in the absence of cardiac decompensation that was refractory to diuretic therapy. The patient was admitted for fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and bilateral lower extremity edema. He had been receiving intermittent melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy for seven years. One month before admission, his dyspnea had got worse, and his chest radiograph showed bilateral pleural effusion; the pleural effusion was ascertained to be a transudate. The conventionally used therapeutic measures, including diuretics and thoracocentesis, failed to control pleural effusion. Administration of vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone chemotherapy led to successful resolution of the effusion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Treatment with vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone chemotherapy was effective for the refractory pleural effusion in systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis without cardiac decompensation and appears to be associated with improvement in our patient's prognosis.</p