Arquivar atividades em termos de autenticidade de documentos eletrônicos e variação do número de cópias

The article is devoted to the problems of archive activity during the digital era, which are conditioned from the authors' point of view by the introduction of electronic documents that have changed the content of paperwork and archiving key categories - authenticity and copy number variation, as well as related originality and authenticity. The technologies of work in the archive, always considered as a unique system of originals are based on the traditional understanding of these categories. Using the method of expert assessments during the determination of key category content, the authors conclude that the current activity of the archives is aimed at copy production activity increase, their management and the provision of authenticity, reliability, integrity and suitability for use. Nowadays the issue of document archiving requires the consolidation of state and non-state structure efforts to develop a new attitude to the authenticity of electronic documents, to change the usual nature of archival institution interaction with users and interested citizens, state authorities and administration, law enforcement and judicial system.El artículo está dedicado a los problemas de la actividad de archivo durante la era digital, que están condicionados desde el punto de vista de los autores por la introducción de documentos electrónicos que han cambiado el contenido del papeleo y las categorías clave de archivo: autenticidad y variación del número de copias, como así como la originalidad y autenticidad relacionadas. Las tecnologías de trabajo en el archivo, siempre consideradas como un sistema único de originales, se basan en el entendimiento tradicional de estas categorías. Usando el método de evaluaciones de expertos durante la determinación del contenido de la categoría clave, los autores concluyen que la actividad actual de los archivos está dirigida a aumentar la actividad de producción de copias, su gestión y la provisión de autenticidad, confiabilidad, integridad y adecuación para su uso. Hoy en día, el tema del archivo de documentos requiere la consolidación de los esfuerzos de la estructura estatal y no estatal para desarrollar una nueva actitud hacia la autenticidad de los documentos electrónicos, para cambiar la naturaleza habitual de la interacción de la institución archivística con los usuarios y ciudadanos interesados, las autoridades estatales, la administración y la ley.O artigo é dedicado aos problemas da atividade de arquivo durante a era digital, eles são condicionados a partir do ponto de vista dos autores para a introdução de documentos eletrônicos que mudaram o conteúdo de documentos e categorias de arquivos-chave: autenticidade e variação do número de cópias, bem como a originalidade e autenticidade relacionadas. Tecnologias de trabalho no arquivo, sempre considerado como um único sistema original, com base no entendimento tradicional destas categorias. Usando o método de avaliações de peritos para a determinação da categoria-chave, os autores concluem que a atividade de arquivos atual visa aumentar cópias atividade de produção, gestão e prestação de autenticidade, confiabilidade, integridade e adequação para uso. Hoje, a questão do arquivamento de documentos requer a consolidação dos esforços de estruturas estatais e não-estatais para desenvolver uma nova atitude em relação à autenticidade dos documentos eletrônicos, para mudar a natureza habitual da interação da instituição de arquivo utilizadores e cidadãos interessados, autoridades estatais, administração e direito

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery