antioxidant and anticandidal activities of the tunisian haplophyllum tuberculatum forssk a juss essential oils

Abstract Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forssk. is a medicinal plant growing in Tunisia. It is widely used in traditional medicine against gastro-intestinal problems, fevers, ear infections and rheumatisms. The present investigation evaluated the effects of leaves, stems and leaves + stems essential oils of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forssk. and of their pure compounds on free radicals as well as their anticandidal activities. Screening for the antioxidant activity of the oils, R-(+)-limonene, S-(−)-limonene and 1-octanol was conducted by DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene/linoleic acid radical scavenging assays. The essentials oils and their compounds were screened for antifungal activity against four Candida species: Candida albicans ATCC 90028; Candida glabrata ATCC 90030; Candida parapsilosis ATCC 27853 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258. When compared with ascorbic acid as standard, it was found that the essential oils have a significant inhibition in scavenging free radicals, resulting in an important IC50. The pure compounds were inactive against the free radicals. The anticandidal test results showed that leaves, stems and leaves + stems oils strongly inhibited the growth of Candida krusei at 30 μg/mL leaves oils and 70 μg/mL for other oils and that moderately of the 3 other Candida species. The pure compound, 1-octanol, was active one against the candida species, with MIC-values between 0.07 and 1.25 mg/mL. In all in vitro assays, a significant correlation existed between the concentrations of the essential oils, the percentage inhibition of free radicals and of the growth inhibitory of tested candida species. The results indicate the essential oils may be applied for treating diseases related to free radicals, potentially to prevent cancer development and as an antifungal agent against Candida

VALORISATION D’UN REJET INDUSTRIEL RICHE EN CHLORURE FERRIQUE : APPLICATION AUX TRAITEMENTS DES EAUX RESIDUAIRES

Intense coloring due to the presence of the non biodegradable dyes, often toxic, in industrial wastewater, enormously poses problems of degradation of the receiving medium (i.e. surface waters). This study relates to the control of pollution of the industrial wastewater with physicochemical treatment by using an industrial waste rich in ferric chloride like original coagulant. This was tested for the control of pollution of the liquid effluents from the textile industry strongly polluted with organic matter. Several parameters were selected to control the purification of our effluents: turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and volume of sludge. The optimal concentration of the coagulant used in this treatment varies from one waste to another, according to the polluting load to treat. The output of this physicochemical treatment shows an important reduction of the polluting load of textile wastewaters: 91 – 87% of the organic matter and 84 – 85% of suspended solids, with less sludge production

Phytotoxic activities of essential oils and hydrosols of Haplophyllum tuberculatum

Phytotoxic properties of plants and their compounds against other plants or seeds are being increasingly reported. Moreover, essential oils may provide a new source of phytotoxic agents with possibly novel mechanisms of action. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the leaves, stems and leaves + stems essential oils by GC/MS and to assess their phytotoxic activities extracted from Haplophyllum tuberculatum A. Juss. (Forssk) as well as of the aromatic water obtained from these parts and of the roots. The phytotoxic activities of the essential oils and hydrosols were evaluated against Triticum aestivum L. and Raphanus sativus L. seeds. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of limonene, cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol, trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol, cis-piperitol, trans-piperitol, 1-octyl acetate, piperitone and isobornyl acetate as major compounds. Phytotoxic results showed that the assayed stems essential oils were active on the roots inhibition (IC50 = 1.09 mg/mL) for wheat. Leaves + stems essential oils had a significant activity against the tested seeds with IC50 ranged from 0.70 to 1.46 mg/mL for radical and epicotyls/coleoptiles percentage inhibition against T. aestivum L. and R. sativus L. While the hydrosols of leaves, stems and leaves + stems inhibited seeds germination at a higher concentration. The essential oils of this plants cannot be used as biologic herbicide with these cultivated plants

In vitro antibacterial activity of the Hertia cheirifolia L. essential oils

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oils from Hertia cheirifolia L. flowers, vegetative part (leaves + stems) and roots against a panel of bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oils from Hertia cheirifolia L. flowers, vegetative part (leaves + stems) and roots were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of essential oils was evaluated in vitro by the broth dilution method. Results: The results showed that the essential oil of flowers exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.078 mg/mL. Conclusions: The essential oils of Hertia cheirifolia can be a good source of antibacterial compounds. They can be used for pharmaceutical treatments

Antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition by essential oils from Hertia cheirifolia (L.).

Essential oils from Hertia cheirifolia L. were evaluated for antioxidant activities by the 1,1-diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and carotene/linoleic acid and inhibitory properties against-glucosidase. The essential oils (EOs) have been analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gaschromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Chemical analyses showed that the EOs were rich interpenes. -Pinene was identified as major component in H. cheirifolia essential oils.Studies on kinetic behavior of the EOs showed that the oils of this species were non-competitiveinhibitors and the flowers oil exhibited a strong -glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50value of0.24 ± 0.01 mg/mL. These results show that H. cheirifolia could be a natural source of potent antioxidantsand -glucosidase inhibitors

Chemical composition and biological activities of Eruca vesicaria subsp. longirostris essential oils

Context To date, there are no reports to validate the Tunisian traditional and folklore claims of Eruca vesicaria (L) Cav. subsp. longirostris (Brassicaceae) for the treatment of disease. Objective Investigation of the chemical composition antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oils from Eruca longirostris leaves, stems, roots and fruits. Materials and methods The essential oils of E. longirostris from leaves, stems, roots and fruits were obtained after 4 h of hydrodistillation. Chemical compositions were determined using a combination of GC/FID and GC/MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents of E. longirostris was performed in sterile 96-well microplates against three Gram-positive, four Gram-negative bacteria and one strain as yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values were reported. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. Results The main compound for fruits, stems and roots was the erucin (96.6%, 85.3% and 83.7%, respectively), while β-elemene (35.7%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (23.9%), (E)-β-damascone (15.4%), erucin (10.6%) and α-longipinene (9.6%) constituted the major compounds in the essential oil of the leaves. The experimental results showed that in all tests, essential oil of fruits showed the better antioxidant activity than the others. On the other hand, the oils of stems, fruits and roots showed significant antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 0.31 mg/mL against Candida species, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Salmonella enterica. Conclusions The present results indicate that essential oils of E. longirostris can be used as a source of erucin

Recycling of tannery effluent from common effluent treatment plant using ceramic membrane based filtration process: A closed loop approach using pilot scale study

Ceramic membrane based treatment was proposed for recycling of tannery effluent being discharged from a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) which treats the effluent produced from about 400 tanneries in and around Kolkata, India. The efficiency of the process was investigated with the help of a pilot scale study. The membrane filtration unit was installed inside the premises of CETP. The effluent from secondary clarifier which is usually discharged into the environment was treated further by the membrane process. Ceramic microfiltration membrane developed indigenously by CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute was used in this study. The feasibility of the treatment process was initially evaluated in laboratory scale membrane filtration unit which indicated about 77-80% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 95-98% reduction of turbidity. The treated water (TW) from pilot scale study was reused in the wet processing of leather and compared to that of control (C). Dye uptake of the leather samples was observed more in case of TW and other physical properties were comparable with that of control. Tensile strength of leather from TW was about 258 kg/cm(2) while for C it was 260 kg/cm(2). Application of the low cost ceramic membranes having excellent chemical and mechanical durability proved potential to provide a sustainable option for recycling of hazardous industrial effluent. (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 60-69, 201

Tannery Effluent Treatment by Microfiltration through Ceramic Membrane for Water Reuse: Assessment of Environmental Impacts

The performance evaluation of an indigenously developed ceramic membrane from a clay–alumina mixture was evaluated toward microfiltration treatment of tannery effluent from a secondary clarifier. The study was aimed at observing the reuse efficiency of the membrane treated effluent using Pistia sp. as plant model and Poecilia sp. as fish model. About 70–86% chemical oxygen demand removal and 85% total organic carbon removal was achieved in the ceramic membrane based microfiltration process. The comet assay of Pistia sp. leaves showed formation of DNA tail in the untreated effluent suggesting DNA damage whereas no such observations were noted in treated water. Oxidative stress biomarkers like guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, etc., in both Pistia sp. and Poecilia sp. increased considerably in untreated effluent, whereas the treated water values were close to that of control. The overall process demonstrated that microfiltration by ceramic membranes might prove as effective means of wastewater reuse for aquaculture, agriculture, as well as in industrial sectors