A participação da família no processo de cuidado da criança hospitalizada

O adoecimento e a hospitalização de uma criança trazem inúmeras mudanças e requer um grande suporte familiar, pois esta é considerada essencial e apresenta significativa influência durante esse período. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a participação da família no processo de cuidado da criança hospitalizada. Para realizá-lo foi utilizado uma abordagem qualitativa, com oito entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas na unidade de pediatria do Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes – HM, em Fortaleza – Ceará. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho a outubro de 2019. Após transcritos, os dados foram analisados e discutidos. Definiram-se três categorias de análise: Mulheres Cuidadoras; Rede de apoio familiar e A importância da família no processo de cuidado. A análise mostrou que as mulheres são as principais cuidadoras das crianças, corroborando para a discussão das relações de gênero e seus desdobramentos. Destarte, conclui-se a necessidade do fortalecimento do vínculo familiar, visto a importância da participação da família durante a hospitalização e a criação de políticas públicas voltadas para ampliação da autonomia das mulheres

O saber e o agir dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde na atenção psicossocial: Caminhos para um cuidado integral

Objective: To understand the knowledge and actions of Primary Health Care professionals in the context of the Psychosocial Care Network in the city of Fortaleza. Methodology: Case study with a critical-analytical perspective and qualitative approach, conducted in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Participated in the research, 31 professionals from the Family Health teams and Extended Family Health Center, in the period from April to September 2016. Data were collected through interviews and treated by thematic content analysis. Results: Two empirical categories emerged: “Conception of mental health” and “Do I care? How do I care?”, which address knowledge and practices of mental health, well-being, quality of life and confrontations in the search for psychosocial care in primary health care, as there is still evidence of a weakened and fragmented psychosocial care network. Conclusion: It is considered that innovations, technologies and organization of health care are inseparable from the integral care of people, in their life contexts and subjectivities.Objetivo: Comprender el saber y las acciones de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud en el contexto de la Red de Atención Psicosocial en la ciudad de Fortaleza. Metodología: Estudio de caso con perspectiva crítico-analítica y enfoque cualitativo, realizado en la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaron de la investigación 31 profesionales de los equipos de Salud de la Familia y Centro de Salud de la Familia Ampliada, en el período de abril a septiembre de 2016. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas y tratados por análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías empíricas: “Concepción de salud mental” y “¿Me importa? ¿Cómo me importa?”, que abordan saberes y prácticas de salud mental, bienestar, calidad de vida y confrontaciones en la búsqueda de atención psicosocial en la atención primaria de salud, ya que aún se evidencia una red de atención psicosocial debilitada y fragmentada. Conclusión: Se considera que las innovaciones, tecnologías y organización del cuidado de la salud son inseparables del cuidado integral de las personas, en sus contextos de vida y subjetividades.Objetivo: Compreender o saber e o agir dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde no contexto da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Município de Fortaleza. Metodologia: Estudo de caso com perspectiva crítico-analítica e abordagem qualitativa, realizado no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 31 profissionais das equipes Saúde da Família e Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família, no período de abril a setembro de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e tratados pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias empíricas: “Concepção de saúde mental” e “Eu cuido? Como eu cuido?”, que abordam sobre saberes e práticas da saúde mental, bem-estar, qualidade de vida e enfrentamentos em busca do cuidado psicossocial na atenção primária à saúde, pois ainda se evidencia uma rede de atenção psicossocial fragilizada e fragmentada. Conclusão: Considera-se que as inovações, tecnologias e organização da atenção à saúde são indissociáveis no cuidar integralmente das pessoas, em seus contextos de vida e subjetividades

Comparação entre medidas da pressão arterial média (PAM) obtida por tensiômetros manuais e automatizados nos três trimestres da gestação / Comparison between mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements obtained by manual and automated blood pressure monitors in the three trimesters of pregnancy

Introdução: A PAM é definida como "a soma da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) com o dobro da pressão diastólica (PAD), dividida por três". Cálculos envolvendo PAM e fatores maternos como etnia, IMC e história pessoal de PE, mostraram taxas de predição de até 76% para PE se realizados no primeiro trimestre quando a PAM com aparelhos automatizados validados pela Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), permitindo a administração de Aspirina (AAS) precocemente como prevenção da PE. No Brasil, esses aparelhos não estão disponíveis, sendo proposta da FEBRASGO que se realizem as medidas da PAM com tensiômetros manuais. Objetivo: analisar a concordância entre medidas obtidas com tensiomêtros manuais nacionais e os automatizados importados nos três trimestres da gestação. Metodologia: o trabalho foi realizado com 27 pacientes dos ambulatórios de pré-natal do NAMI-UNIFOR no período de dezembro de 2020 a junho de 2021. Cada mulher teve sua PAM medida no braço direito por tensiômetro manual e automático. A seguir foi medida a PAM da média dos dois braços direito e esquerdo conforme preconizado pela FMF com aparelhos automatizados validados. Resultados: A PAM medida no aparelho manual no braço direito (PAM-MBD) teve média de 87,31 +/-7,13. A PAM medida no braço direito com aparelho semi-automático (PAM-ABD), obteve média de 89,34 +/-11,0 e a PAM da média de ambos os braços (PAM-ABIL) foi de  88,55 +/- 10,10. Conclusão: Observa-se tendência a valores mais elevados da PAM calculados no primeiro trimestre quando calculados pelo tensiômetro manual que pelo automatizado. O estudo tem a limitação do pequeno número de casos porém se os resultados se mantiverem em larga escala, pode significar  um excesso de mulheres brasileiras estejam utilizando AAS como preventivo de PE devido à mensuração com tensiômetro manual

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data