Association between the empirical dietary inflammatory index and musculoskeletal pain in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Inflammation has been proposed to be one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain. Diet is a lifestyle factor that plays an important role in managing inflammation; thus, we assessed the inflammatory potential of diets using the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) to investigate the relationship between diet and musculoskeletal pain. Methods This cross-sectional study included 212 elderly individuals who were selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. To measure the intensity of pain, a visual analogue scale was used. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the association between the EDII and musculoskeletal pain. Results In total, 62.7% and 37.3% of participants had mild and severe pain, respectively. The EDII values were 0.97±0.72 and 1.10±0.66, respectively, in those with mild and severe pain. A higher EDII score was associated with more intense musculoskeletal pain after adjusting for age and sex (β=0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.26; p<0.001), but not after adjustment for other confounders (β=–0.13; 95% CI, –1.54 to 0.60; p=0.39). Conclusion Our findings indicated that higher dietary inflammation might not be associated with musculoskeletal pain in older adults. However, further investigations are required to confirm these findings

Pulmonary manifestations in a cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity : an 8-year follow-up study

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of congenital diseases caused by genetic defects in the development and function of the immune system. The involvement of the respiratory tract is one of the most common presentations in IEIs. Methods: Overall, 117 patients with diagnosed IEIs were followed-up within 8 years at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in a questionnaire. Pulmonary function test (PFT), chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained where applicable. Results: Our study population consisted of 48 (41%) patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs), 39 (32%) patients with congenital defects of phagocytes, 14 (11.9%) patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), and 16 (14%) patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD).. Recurrent pneumonia was the most common manifestation, while productive cough appeared to be the most common symptom in almost all diseases. PFT showed an obstructive pattern in patients with PAD, a restrictive pattern in patients with CID, and a mixed pattern in patients with CGD. HRCT findings were consistent with bronchiectasis in most PAD patients, whereas consolidation and mediastinal lesions were more common in the other groups. Conclusions: Pulmonary manifestations vary among different groups of IEIs. The screening for lung complications should be performed regularly to reveal respiratory pathologies in early stages and follow-up on already existing abnormalities. (C) 2022 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications.Peer reviewe

The Psychiatric Disorders and Psychosocial Problems in Referred Clients to Counseling Centers of Social Welfare Organization

Objective: Planning for providing mental health services to the population needs to recognize the characteristics of audience and their referral problems for drawing a clear picture of the present status. Such studies in the area are rare. The present is aimed to study the demographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems of clients referred to counseling centers of Social Welfare Organization (Behzisty). Materials & Methods: The present research was a cross sectional-analytic study. The research data was based on information and records gathered from counseling centers of the Welfare Organization during the year 2001 to 2009.The data was already collected through a semi-structural interview and demographic questionnaire and include 21766 samples gathered by a systematic sampling method. Data analysis was made using Chi-Square test and Kappa coefficient in SPSS 16. Results: The findings showed that audiences of counseling services were mainly women, married, aged 40-21 years and with at least a high school degree. Mood disorders and anxiety was more prevalent than the other psychiatric disorders. Among the psychosocial problems, interpersonal problem was the highest share of referrals to the counseling centers. The concordance rate of the first and second diagnosis was 74.4%, Kappa 27% (P<0.001). Conclusions: Considering that the most common causes of personal and telephone counseling referred to counseling centers were mood and anxiety disorders and interpersonal problems, it is necessary to dedicate the professional services to diagnosis and treatment of these disorders

Dietary approach to stop hypertension and healthy eating index 2015, modify the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the interaction of the healthy eating index (HEI) and the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet scores with FTO polymorphisms in relation to change in obesity traits. A total of 4480 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were selected from participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed-up 3 years. Selected polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs8050136) were genotyped and genetic risk score (GRS) was computed. HEI and DASH scores were computed based on dietary data. Changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were measured. Higher adherence to both DASH and HEI scores were increased with higher ages. Individuals with high GRS had a lower change in BMI when they had higher adherence to HEI, compared to subjects with lower HEI score (P trend = 0.01). Change in WC in participants in the fourth quartile of HEI score in minor allele carriers of FTO variants was lower compared to the first quartile; conversely, higher adherence to the DASH score by this genotypic group was related to increase in WC. No significant interaction was seen between FTO polymorphisms and both diet scores regarding changes in any of obesity traits. In conclusion, in individuals with high GRS higher adherence to HEI score was associated with lower change in BMI and WC, while higher adherence to DASH diet was associated with higher change in WC, compared to individuals with lower adherence to both scores

Frequency of Orthodontic Extractions and Malocclusion-Related Factors in a University Setting During a 25-Year Period: Frequency of Orthodontic Extraction and Influential Factors

Objectives The decision regarding orthodontic tooth extraction or dental arch expansion is an important yet challenging topic in orthodontic treatment planning. However, studies in this respect are limited In Iran. This study aimed to assess the frequency of orthodontic tooth extractions and the role of malocclusion-related factors that affect the frequency of orthodontic extractions in a university setting during 25 years. Methods This descriptive retrospective study evaluated 1,222 records of patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment in Shahid Beheshti Dental School from 1994 to 2018. The frequency of tooth extraction, type of malocclusion, and age and gender of patients were analyzed by the Chi-square test. The correlation of quantitative and qualitative variables related to occlusion (overjet, overbite, space discrepancy, cross-bite, A point–nasion–B point angle, mandibular plane angle, canine relationship, molar relationship, and the Curve of Spee) with orthodontic extraction was analyzed by the binary logistic regression. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 21. Results The frequency of orthodontic extraction decreased from 1994 (74.5%) to 2018 (41.6%). The highest frequency of orthodontic extraction (60%) occurred in class II division I malocclusion cases. Frequency of orthodontic extraction in the age group of 12-20 years was significantly higher than in other age groups (P=0.003). The odds of orthodontic extraction increased by an increase in overjet (P=0.036) and in class II malocclusion cases (P=0.05), and decreased by an increase in overbite (P=0.020). Conclusion Tendency to orthodontic extraction has decreased in contemporary orthodontics in Shahid Beheshti Dental School. In addition to the degree of dental crowding, the decision regarding orthodontic extraction also depended on overjet, overbite, and type of malocclusion

The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of clove oil in healthy dogs after surgery

The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of clove oil in dogs. So thirty adult male dogs were used. After a surgical incision on the abdominal area, animals were divided into four group. The first group received 25 mg/kg of clove oil while the second group was considered as a control. The third and fourth groups received betamethasone (20 mg/kg) and phenylbutazone (15 mg/kg) as anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic agents, respectively. All injections were performed for five consecutive days. All tests (measurement of edema, complete blood count, histopathology, and rectal temperature) were performed on all groups. Our results showed that in the clove oil-treated animals, the amount of edema was significantly decreased as compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). The number of white blood cells, neutrophils and band neutrophils was decreased in clove-oil treated dogs as compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of red blood cells and hematocrit between clove-oil treated and vehicle-treated groups (P &gt; 0.05). Rectal temperature significantly decreased in the clove oil-treated group as compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). Histopathology revealed that the clove oil-treatment significantly reduced the inflammation. We showed that clove oil administration has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties in dogs

The effect of the ovarian varicose vein on the DNA methylation in the rat’s oocyte

Objective(s): We intended to determine whether the ovarian varicose which is one of the common etiologies of the pelvic congestion syndrome, has the ability to interfere with the DNA methylation reprogramming in the oocyte and thereby affect the oocyte quality or not. Materials and Methods: Varicose model was induced according to the Turner’s method in the rats. Briefly, a 20-gauge needle was placed on the left renal vein and a thread was tied over both the needle and the renal vein medial to the insertion of the ovarian vein, and then the needle was removed. Evaluation of prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) was assessed using specific kits and the expression level of the DNA methyltransferase genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L was assessed by Real-time PCR. Immunofluorescent staining for 5-methylcytosine in the oocytes evaluated the global DNA methylation. Results: A significant PAB increase in the ovaries from varicose group was seen. Real-time PCR demonstrated a remarkable decrease in the expression of the Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L which are responsible for de novo DNA methylation in the oocytes. Immunofluorescent staining for 5-mC showed a reduction in the fluorescence intensity in the oocytes collected from the varicose group. Conclusion: Our findings from Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry suggest that the epigenetic parameters in the oocyte could be affected by varicose induction and these epigenetic alteration has the potential to affect the oocyte quality. We suggest that the epigenetic changes could happen in the oocytes after the induction of ovarian varicose and lead to the oocyte quality reduction or even infertility