8,888 research outputs found
The association between parent's and healthcare professional's behavior and children's coping and distress during venepuncture
Objectives: Examine the association between children’s distress and coping during venepuncture with parent’s and healthcare professional’s behavior in a sample from the UK.
Methods: Fifty children aged 7–16 years accompanied by a carer were videotaped while having venepuncture. Verbalizations of children, parents, and healthcare professionals were coded using the Child–Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised.
Results: Children’s distress was associated with child’s age, anxiety, and distress promoting behavior of adults (R2 = .91). Children’s coping was associated with age, anxiety, and coping promoting behaviors of adults (R2 = .57). Associations were stronger between healthcare professional’s behavior and child coping; and between parent’s behaviors and child distress. Empathizing, apologizing, and criticism were not frequently used by adults in this sample (<12%).
Conclusion: This study supports and extends previous research showing adult’s behavior is important in children’s distress and coping during needle procedures. Clinical implications and methodological issues are discussed
Personnel techniques necessary to maximize bio-barrier integrity at a Martian receiving laboratory
The planning of biological isolation measures for the Mars Surface Sample Return Mission is discussed in terms of personnel and organizational management. Deficiencies in past operation of the Lunar Receiving Laborator are analyzed. It was found that the failure to clearly define relationship among the government agencies involved and to effectively integrate their objectives and responsibilities was a major cause of Laboratory deficiencies. Possible solutions to these problems are presented for application to future missions
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Understanding needle-related distress in children with cystic fibrosis
Objective. To explore the nature and management of needle-related distress in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Design. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.
Methods. Fourteen child–parent dyads took part. Children (5 male; 9 female) had a mean age of 12.4 years (range 7–17) and were mostly diagnosed with CF at birth (N= 11). Frequency of needle procedures ranged from once to six times a year. Parents (3 male; 11 female) had a mean age of 41.5 years and were from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results. Most participants identified previous needle experiences and pain as related to their needle anxiety. Over half of parents and children considered ‘taking control’ to be the optimum coping strategy. The majority of parents and children thought inhaled nitrous oxide gas during needle procedures was helpful in managing needle-related distress. Parent and staff influences on needle-related distress are also examined.
Conclusions. Needle-related distress in children with CF has a substantial impact on children and their parents, and may lead to management problems and treatment refusal. Psychological and pharmacological interventions could reduce distress and aid management
Optimizing Quantum Models of Classical Channels: The reverse Holevo problem
Given a classical channel---a stochastic map from inputs to outputs---the
input can often be transformed to an intermediate variable that is
informationally smaller than the input. The new channel accurately simulates
the original but at a smaller transmission rate. Here, we examine this
procedure when the intermediate variable is a quantum state. We determine when
and how well quantum simulations of classical channels may improve upon the
minimal rates of classical simulation. This inverts Holevo's original question
of quantifying the capacity of quantum channels with classical resources. We
also show that this problem is equivalent to another, involving the local
generation of a distribution from common entanglement.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures;
http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/qfact.htm; substantially updated
from v
Predicting Alcohol Impairment: Perceived Intoxication vs. BAC
The purpose of this study was to report the relationship among perceived intoxication, performance impairment, and actual blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels. Fifteen subjects, aged 21 to 40, completed both single- and double-dose sessions of alcohol consumption_ BACs, reaction and anticipation time, and perceived intoxication data were collected during both sessions. Analysis of data showed that perceived intoxication was significantly related to performance impairment, but the actual BAC was not
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