The Development and Standardization of Psychometric Criteria of Attitude toward Adoption Questionnaire (ATAQ) and its Relation to Prosocial Behavior and Character Strengths

Introduction: The preset study aimed to develop and standardize the psychometric criteria of attitude toward adoption questionnaire and its relation to prosocial behavior and character strengths. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive survey. The research population included all citizens living in Behshahr (N = 156195). The sample size of the study was 500 subjects of whom 50 subjects were selected through pre-investigation study by available sampling method and 450 subjects were selected by multistage cluster sampling in the final study. The research tools included the attitude toward adoption questionnaire, Prosocial Tendencies Measure Revised (PTM-R) by Carlo et al (2003), and character strengths questionnaire by Seligman and Patterson (2004). The research analysis method was exploratory factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis by main components with varimax rotation indicated two components of attitude toward adoption being named respectively cognitive as the aspects of attitude toward adoption and behavioral-emotional aspects of attitude toward adoption. These two components explained 43.25% of the variance of the total sample. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.709 for the whole questionnaire, 0.71 for the first component, and 0.713 for the second one. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between desired social tendencies and the cognitive aspect of attitude toward adoption as well as the behavioral -emotional aspects of attitude toward adoption (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: As a conclusion, the attitude toward adoption questionnaire has a desirable and appropriate validity and can be used as a useful tool for measuring the attitude toward adoption. Declaration of Interest: Non

Evaluation of The Role and Position of Dispute Resolution Councils In Iran's Criminal Policy In Comparison with Similar Institutions In The French Judiciary

The Dispute Resolution Council was established as a public institution in the last few decades to reduce the number of cases sent to the judiciary in Iran and strengthen public participation and increase the role of the people in criminal justice policy. Although the activities of this institution in recent years have led to a decrease in the number of cases sent to judicial institutions, but its public aspect was not fulfilled as intended. In addition, the law of this council has many contradictions with the constitution with limitations and problems in the legal and structural field that have affected its functions. However, the role of the people is significant in similar institutions in the legal system of the Common Law and France, while strengthening the participatory aspect. This issue has been an effective measure in strengthening participatory criminal policy in these countries. The purpose of this research was to investigate the criminal policy of the Dispute Resolution Council and similar institutions in France.Keywords: Dispute Resolution Council, French Law, Iranian Criminal Justice Policy Evaluasi Peran dan Kedudukan Dewan Penyelesaian Sengketa Dalam Kebijakan Pidana Iran Dibandingkan dengan Institusi Serupa di Peradilan Prancis AbstrakDewan Penyelesaian Sengketa didirikan sebagai lembaga publik dalam beberapa dekade terakhir untuk mengurangi jumlah kasus yang dikirim ke peradilan di Iran dan memperkuat partisipasi publik dan meningkatkan peran masyarakat dalam kebijakan peradilan pidana. Meskipun kegiatan lembaga ini dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah menyebabkan penurunan jumlah kasus yang dikirim ke lembaga peradilan, tetapi aspek publiknya tidak terpenuhi sebagaimana dimaksud. Selain itu, undang-undang dewan ini memiliki banyak kontradiksi dengan konstitusi dengan keterbatasan dan masalah di bidang hukum dan struktural yang mempengaruhi fungsinya. Namun, peran masyarakat cukup signifikan dalam lembaga sejenis dalam sistem hukum Common Law dan Perancis, sekaligus memperkuat aspek partisipatif. Isu ini telah menjadi langkah yang efektif dalam memperkuat kebijakan kriminal partisipatif di negara-negara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan kriminal dari Dispute Resolution Council dan lembaga sejenis di Perancis.Kata Kunci: Dewan Penyelesaian Sengketa, Hukum Prancis, Kebijakan Peradilan Pidana Iran Оценка роли и позиции советов по решению спорных вопросов В уголовной политике ирана по сравнению с аналогичными учреждениями во французской судебной системе  АннотацияСовет по решению спорных вопросов был создан как государственное учреждение в последние десятилетия для сокращения количества дел, передаваемых в судебные органы в Иране, и расширения участия общественности и повышения роли общественности в политике уголовного правосудия. Хотя деятельность этого учреждения в последние годы привела к уменьшению количества дел, направляемых в судебные органы, общественный аспект не выполняется должным образом. Кроме того, закон этого совета имеет много противоречий с конституцией с ограничениями и проблемами в правовой и структурной областях, которые влияют на его функционирование. Тем не менее, роль сообщества весьма значительна в аналогичных учреждениях в системе общего права и правовой системы Франции, а также в усилении аспекта участия. Этот вопрос стал эффективным шагом в укреплении совместной уголовной политики в этих странах. Целью данного исследования является определение уголовной политики Совета по разрешению спорных вопросов и аналогичных учреждений во Франции.Ключевые Слова: Совет по решению спорных вопросов, Французское право, политика в области уголовного правосудия в Иране

Examining the patient's satisfaction from Hospital Service Quality using the CRM (Cus-tomer Relationship Management) Model

This research aims to examine the patient's satisfaction from service quality in Bahrami Hospital considering the CRM model. Generally, six variables of "Physician-Patient Relation", "Nurse-Patient Relation", "Staff-Patient Relation", "Hospital Accountability", "Meeting Patient's Requirements", and "Specialized Performance of the Physicians" have been analyzed in order to measure the impacts of the variables on patient's satisfaction in Bahrami Hospital of Tehran. The statistical population of the research contained the patients (children) who were hospitalized in the Bahrami Children Hospital and/or the parents who were the children's companies. Also, sample size was calculated 196 people based on the Cochran's Formula. This study is an applicable research with a descriptive survey methodology so that the main tool for data gathering is questionnaire. In addition, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient for the questionnaire was calculated 0.812 based upon SPSS software. Analyzing the data by SPSS software revealed that all variables except "specialized performance of the physi-cians" had a significant relation with patient's satisfaction. Since the hospital was a training-based medical center, the Pearson correlation coefficient for the variable "specialized performance of the physicians" was calculated 0.137; meanwhile, the meaningfulness amount was obtained 0.056 which is more than the standard limit. Therefore, the aforesaid variable does not have a significant relation with patient's satisfaction. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hossieni, M. H., Meymand, M. M., Heidarvand, S. (2015). “Examining the patient's satisfaction from Hospital Service Quality using the CRM (Cus-tomer Relationship Management) Model: a case study in Bahrami Hospital of Tehran”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 16–40

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: An Effective Alternative Approach to Control Bacterial Infections

Introduction: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature for in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the field of bacteriology.Methods: A review of the relevant articles carried out in PubMed and Scopus to determine the efficiency of aPDT used in the reduction of microbial infection. Thirty-one relevant documents retrieved from PubMed, Scopus by inserting “antimicrobial photodynamic therapy” and “bacterial infection” and “photodynamic therapy” keywords.Results: According to different results, aPDT can be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of infectious diseases. The use of photosensitizer methylene blue, toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green with light diode laser centered at (630±10 nm) and (650±10 nm) wavelengths have been shown to have significant results for the treatment of infectious diseases and bactericidal propertiesConclusion: These findings suggest that, aPDT can be an efficient method in the treatment of localized and superficial infections

Evaluation of Frequency and Type of Severe Anemia in Patients Referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran in Six Months; A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and types of severe unknown anemia in patients referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran) for six months. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients with severe unknown anemia referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were selected over six months. Following consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 230 patients with severe anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) > 8gr/dl) were included. Complete medical history was obtained from the patients and additional biochemical blood analyses were applied to determine the frequency and type of anemia. SPSS (v.19) software was used to analyze the findings and the significance level was defined as a p-value <0.05. Results: In chronic disease anemia (47.5%), gastrointestinal bleeding-associated anemia (29%), bleeding malignancies anemia (21.5%), and aplastic anemia (2%). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the frequency of different types of normocytic anemia. The highest frequency was detected in folate deficiency anemia (46%), hypothyroidism anemia (34%), and B12 deficiency anemia (20%), respectively. The hemolytic anemia represented a significant difference (p<0.05) in comparison with sickle cell anemia (95%). Also, sickle cell anemia showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between thalacemia-associated anemia (95%) and malignancy-related anemia (95%) Conclusion: Respectively, the highest frequency of anemia in patients was found in chronic diseases and gastrointestinal bleeding. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the type of anemia of patients referred to the urgency of hospitals

Energy Consumption and Modeling of output energy with Multilayer Feed-Forward Neural Network for Corn Silage in Iran

In this study, various Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to estimate the output energy for corn silage production in Esfahan province, Iran. For this purpose, the data on 65 corn silage production farms in the Esfahan province, were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that total energy input for corn silage production was about 83126 MJ ha–1; machinery (with 38.8 %) and chemical fertilizer (with 24.5 %) were amongst the highest energy inputs for corn silage production. The developed ANN was a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with eight neurons in the input layer (human power, machinery, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizer, water for irrigation, seed, farm manure and pesticides ), one, two, three, four and five hidden layer(s) of various numbers of neurons and one neuron (output energy) in the output layer. The results of ANNs analyze showed that the (8-5-5-1)-MLP, namely, a network having five neurons in the first and second hidden layer was the best-suited model estimating the corn silage output energy. For this topology, MAB, MAE, RMSE and R2 were 0.109, 0.001, 0.0464 and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of input parameters on output showed that diesel fuel and seeds had the highest and lowest sensitivity on output energy with 0.0984 and 0.0386, respectively. The ANN approach appears to be a suitable method for modeling output energy, fuel consumption, CO2 emission, yield, and energy consumption based on social and technical parameters. This method would open new doors to advances in agriculture and modeling

Tetrathiafulvalene–Benzothiadiazole: A Metal-Free Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production

In this work, a series of hybrid tetrathiafulvalene–benzothiadiazole (TTF–BTD) are designed and applied as a metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen production, particularly under visible light irradiation. Density functional theory calculations are used to shed light on the photophysical properties observed in the various TTF–BTD derivatives and investigated by the obtained data. Because band gap engineering has normally been used as an effective approach, we studied the effect of the various functional groups on the band gap to set a favorable band alignment with photocatalysts. An increase in highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels is observed in the order CH3 < Br < CF3 < COOMe < CN. The results discover that COOMe-TTF-CN-BTD can have a clear photocatalytic potential in the hydrogen production for specific applications. Our experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the CN-withdrawing group increases the reduction potential of the conduction band; meanwhile, COOMe decreases the reduction potential of the valance band. Moreover, we demonstrate that H2O reduction and oxidation reaction energies are both located inside the COOMe-TTF-CN-BTD band gap that enables an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 122 μmol h–1 g–1 under visible light. The efficiency of the COOMe-TTF-CN-BTD photocatalyst is also described in terms of medium pH and the nature of the sacrificial agent, where the maximum hydrogen production efficiency is observed at high pH. The findings point to a means of efficient production of hydrogen that can be directly achieved under visible light irradiation without any modifications

Review of coreference resolution in English and Persian

Coreference resolution (CR) is one of the most challenging areas of natural language processing. This task seeks to identify all textual references to the same real-world entity. Research in this field is divided into coreference resolution and anaphora resolution. Due to its application in textual comprehension and its utility in other tasks such as information extraction systems, document summarization, and machine translation, this field has attracted considerable interest. Consequently, it has a significant effect on the quality of these systems. This article reviews the existing corpora and evaluation metrics in this field. Then, an overview of the coreference algorithms, from rule-based methods to the latest deep learning techniques, is provided. Finally, coreference resolution and pronoun resolution systems in Persian are investigated.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figures, 5 table

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MOTIONS OF TWO FLOATING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES IN WAVES

Drilling is carried out in deeper to deeper waters around the globe to meet growing demands for oil and natural gas, and a number of multi body structures are deployed in various oil fields in the world. Investigation of hydrodynamic interaction of offshore structures is therefore worthwhile. Hydrodynamic interaction between floating offshore structures affects motion and relative motion especially during loading and offloading operations. Hydrodynamic interactions may lead to large motions of floating bodies that would cause damage to moorings and offloading systems and may collide with each other. This research work discusses experimental results of hydrodynamic interaction in surge, heave and pitch motion, relative motion and relative distance between a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) and semi-submersible (Tender Assisted Drilling) in regular waves. The experiment is conducted without tendon because of the depth limitation of the Towing Tank. However, in order to consider the contribution of mooring in linear direction, appropriate stiffness of horizontal springs have been used. The experiment was conducted for a full scale wave height of 3.77 m to 12.49 m for a separation distance of 21.7 m. From the analyses of the experimental and numerical results, it can be concluded that nonlinearity of the wave has an important effect on increasing the motion especially in the natural frequency region. Finally, a number of recommendations have been made for further study

Analysing Price, Quality and Lead Time Decisions with the Hybrid Solution Method of Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, the problem of determining the quality level, lead time for order delivery and price of a product produced by a manufacturer is considered. In this problem the demand for the product is influenced by all three decision variables: price, lead time and quality level. To formulate the demand function, a fuzzy rule base that estimates the demand value based on the three decision variables is developed. To doso, the linguistic knowledge of experts in the form of if-then rules is used to establish the fuzzy system. Moreover, in order to solve the problem, a genetic algorithm integrating the fuzzy rule base is proposed. Finally, to support the validity of the proposed solution, a numerical study is provided