Annona Muricata L. extract restores renal function, oxidative stress, immunohistochemical structure, and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-β1, and CYP2E1 in the kidney of DMBA-intoxicated rats

Introduction: 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) is a harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative known for its cytotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects in mammals and other species. Annona muricata, L. (Graviola; GRV) is a tropical fruit tree traditionally well-documented for its various medicinal benefits. This investigation is the first report on the potential antioxidant and antinfammatory reno-protective impact of GRV against DMBA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were allocated into four equal groups (n = 10). The 1st group served as the control, the 2nd group (GRV) was gastro-gavaged with GRV (200 mg/kg b.wt), the 3rd group (DMBA) was treated with a single dose of DMBA (15 mg/kg body weight), and the 4th group (DMBA + GRV) was gastro-gavaged with a single dose of DMBA, followed by GRV (200 mg/kg b.wt). The GRV administration was continued for 8 weeks.Results and Discussion: Results revealed a significant improvement in renal function, represented by a decrease in urea, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) in the DMBA + GRV group. The antioxidant potential of GRV was confirmed in the DMBA + GRV group by a significant decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared to DMBA-intoxicated rats; however, it was not identical to the control. Additionally, the antiinflammatory role of GRV was suggested by a significant decline in mRNA expression of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 (CYP2E1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in the DMBA + GRV group. Moreover, GRV improved the histopathologic and immunohistochemical expression of TNF-α, CYP450, and IL1β in DMBA-intoxicated kidney tissue. Conclusively, GRV is a natural medicinal product that can alleviate the renal injury resulting from environmental exposure to DMBA. The reno-protective effects of GRV may involve its anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant properties, which are based on the presence of phytochemical compounds such as acetogenins, alkaloids, and flavonoids

Synthesis of various fused pyrimidine rings with their pharmacological and antimicrobial evaluation

Various fused pyrimidine such as furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine were synthesized from the reactions of thioxopyrimidine-6(1H)-ones with ethyl chloroacetate (under different reaction conditions), thiourea, and sodium nitrite. Pyrimidine thiones reacted with POCl3/PCl5 to give the chloro derivatives which reacted with sodium azide, and thiourea to give the tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine, pyrimido pyrimidine. Thioxopyrimidine-6(1H)-ones reacted with benzyl amine to give pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinethione. Theoretical calculation using MIDO/3, Fukui indices and the heat of formation of some compounds were carried out. The pharmacological and antimicrobial activities of some of the synthesized products were also evaluated

Empowering the Internet of Things Using Light Communication and Distributed Edge Computing

With the rapid growth of connected devices, new issues emerge, which will be addressed by boosting capacity, improving energy efficiency, spectrum usage, and cost, besides offering improved scalability to handle the growing number of linked devices. This can be achieved by introducing new technologies to the traditional Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology that enables bidirectional transmission over the visible light spectrum achieving many benefits, including ultra-high data rate, ultra-low latency, high spectral efficiency, and ultra-high reliability. Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a form of VLC that represents an efficient solution for many IoT applications and use cases, including indoor and outdoor applications. Distributed edge computing is another technology that can assist communications in IoT networks and enable the dense deployment of IoT devices. To this end, this work considers designing a general framework for IoT networks using LiFi and a distributed edge computing scheme. It aims to enable dense deployment, increase reliability and availability, and reduce the communication latency of IoT networks. To meet the demands, the proposed architecture makes use of MEC and fog computing. For dense deployment situations, a proof-of-concept of the created model is presented. The LiFi-integrated fog-MEC model is tested in a variety of conditions, and the findings show that the model is efficient

Empowering the Internet of Things Using Light Communication and Distributed Edge Computing

With the rapid growth of connected devices, new issues emerge, which will be addressed by boosting capacity, improving energy efficiency, spectrum usage, and cost, besides offering improved scalability to handle the growing number of linked devices. This can be achieved by introducing new technologies to the traditional Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology that enables bidirectional transmission over the visible light spectrum achieving many benefits, including ultra-high data rate, ultra-low latency, high spectral efficiency, and ultra-high reliability. Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a form of VLC that represents an efficient solution for many IoT applications and use cases, including indoor and outdoor applications. Distributed edge computing is another technology that can assist communications in IoT networks and enable the dense deployment of IoT devices. To this end, this work considers designing a general framework for IoT networks using LiFi and a distributed edge computing scheme. It aims to enable dense deployment, increase reliability and availability, and reduce the communication latency of IoT networks. To meet the demands, the proposed architecture makes use of MEC and fog computing. For dense deployment situations, a proof-of-concept of the created model is presented. The LiFi-integrated fog-MEC model is tested in a variety of conditions, and the findings show that the model is efficient

Lnc RNA HULC as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related disease mainly in developing countries. Non-coding RNAs are very important factors in regulating the expression of certain genes and are involved in pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Recently, non coding RNA biomarkers are used as diagnostic tools for different disorders such as PE.Methods: lnc RNA HULC expression levels was measured in serum collected from 22 patients with PE and 23 healthy pregnancies, using real-time PCR.Results: HULC expression was elevated reaching significant levels (p < 0.001with 2.16 fold change) in patients compared with control group. HULC was markedly increased in both severe and mild preeclamptic subgroups when compared to healthy controls (p<0.001 with 1.97 fold change and p<0.001 with 2.16 fold change respectively). ROC curve was assessed, the AUC of lnc RNA HULC was 0.952 (95%, CI=0.904 -1.000, P< 0.001).Conclusion: lnc RNA HULC may be involved in PE pathogenesis and may be used as potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for this disease.Key words: Preeclampsia; lnc RNA HULC

A-Alkenoyl Ketene S,S- and N,S-Acetals As Starting For Unexpected and Novel Synthesis of N-Heterocycles

A series of N-heterocycles such as diazaspiro-[4.5]decane,  pyrazolo[4,3-d][1,2]-diazepine, imidazo[3,2,1ij][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives or  pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol were synthesized using a-alkenoyl-, a,a-dialkenoyl ketene-(S,S)-acetals 2a-d, 3a-c or a-dialkenoyl ketene-(N,S)-acetal 12 as starting materials. The biological activity of some new synthesized compounds have been investigated.&nbsp

One-pot synthesis, computational chemical study, molecular docking, biological study, and in silico prediction ADME/pharmacokinetics properties of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives

Abstract An efficient synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles was successfully achieved through one-pot multi-component condensation reactions of some aromatic aldehydes or indolin-2,3-dione with malononitrile and sodium azide using diverse reaction conditions to obtain considerable product yields. Furthermore, it has been achieved for the first time to construct desired products under neat condition. Molecular docking studies with CSNK2A1 receptor disclosed the lowest binding energy displayed by the dimethoxyphenyl derivative 4c with − 6.8687 kcal/mol. The synthesized tetrazoles were screened for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity against epidermoid cancer cell line (A431) and colon cancer line (HCT116) with respect to normal skin fibroblast cell line (BJ-1) using MTT assay, and antimicrobial activity against the bacteria: K. pneumonia, S. aureus, and the fungi: Candida albicans, as well as their antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. In addition, the toxicity of tetrazole derivative was assessed by determination of their approximate lethal dose fifty (LD50), calculated via an oral administration to rats, through measurement of ALT and bilirubin levels in serum. The antitumor results can suggest that the potent tetrazole derivative namely, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile (4c) could be a potential drug against epidermoid carcinoma. The antioxidant results indicated to tetrazoles exhibited great antioxidant properties even at very low doses. A molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the synthesized compounds (ligands) to investigate their tendency for binding with the active sites of protein

Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor evaluation of 4-aminoximidofurazan derivatives

<p>Reactions of 3-amino-4-aminoximidofurazan (AAOF) with Wittig–Horner reagents, trialkylphosphites, trisdialkylaminophosphines as well as the thiating Lawesson and Japanese reagents were studied. Elemental analysis and spectroscopic measurements were in good accord with the structures postulated for the new products. The antitumor activities of certain selected new compounds were screened, <i>in vitro</i>, against a panel of five (liver; HepG2; breast; MCF-7; lung; A549; colon; HCT116; and prostate PC3) human solid tumor cell lines.</p> <p></p

New Rare Ent-Clerodane Diterpene Peroxides from Egyptian Mountain Tea (Qourtom) and Its Chemosystem as Herbal Remedies and Phytonutrients Agents

Genus Stachys, the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae, and its species are frequently used as herbal teas due to their essential oils. Tubers of some Stachys species are also consumed as important nutrients for humans and animals due to their carbohydrate contents. Three new neo-clerodane diterpene peroxides, named stachaegyptin F-H (1, 2, and 4), together with two known compounds, stachysperoxide (3) and stachaegyptin A (5), were isolated from Stachys aegyptiaca aerial parts. Their structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including HR-FAB-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR (H-1, C-13 NMR, DEPT, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) analyses. Additionally, a biosynthetic pathway for the isolated compounds (1-5) was discussed. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated diterpenoids of S. aegyptiaca in comparison to the previous reported ones from other Stachys species was also studied

Interleukin-18 and interferon-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with tuberculosis.

BackgroundInterleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are cytokines of crucial role in inflammation and immune reactions. There is a growing evidence supporting important roles for IL-18 and IFN γ in tuberculosis (TB) infection and anti-tuberculosis immunity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of polymorphisms in IL-18-607 and -137 and INF-γ +874 in susceptibility to TB infection among Egyptian patients.MethodsA case control study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism at IL-18-607, -137 and INF-γ+874 by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP- PCR) in 105 patients with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis and 106 controls.ResultsA significant protective effect against TB was found in homozygous CC genotype at IL-18 -137G/C, in addition to a 7-fold risk with GG and GC genotypes in the recessive model. Apart from a decreased risk with the AC genotype, no association was detected between the susceptibility to TB and different genotypes or alleles at the IL-18 -607A/C site. The homozygous AA genotype in INF-γ+874 showed a significant higher risk to TB than the homozygous TT or heterozygous AT genotypes with nearly a 2-fold risk of TB infection with the A allele. Regarding haplotype association, the GC haplotype was strongly associated with TB infection compared to other haplotypes.ConclusionThese findings suggest; for the first time in Egypt; a significant risk to TB infection with SNP at the IL-18-137G/C with no LD with SNP at the IL-18-607 site. The homozygous AA genotype in INF-γ+874 showed a significant higher risk to TB than the homozygous TT or heterozygous AT genotypes