Estimation of TNF- α and LDH in Chronic Periodontitis Patients in Mosul

The objective of the study is to estimate salivary concentration of TNF-α and LDH level in chronic periodontitis and control group, and correlate them with periodontal parameters. The study group consisted of 44 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis, aging between ≤16-45 years old and 40 control samples collected from healthy individuals ranged between 16-40 years old .Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing  (BOP) and plaque index (PI). 5ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from patients and control groups to measure salivary biomarkers by ELISA technique. the mean concentrations of TNF-α in the study and control groups were (6.9pg/ml) and (5.6 pg/ml) respectively, data analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05), and the mean LDH level in chronic periodontitis was (7.7855) and in control group the mean was (0.5555)   and the difference was highly significant )p≤ 0.000). Salivary TNF-α and LDH showed positive correlation with clinical periodontal parameters

Desarrollo y caracterización de una nueva formulación nano-lipoosómica de alendronato sódico con un polímero biodegradable

This work was supported by the pharmacological departmental grant.Background: Alendronate Sodium (ALDS) is the drug of choice for treatment of osteoporosis. However, 50% of the osteoporotic patients ceased the treatment within the first year due to its potential side effect on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Objective: The current study aimed to utilize nanotechnology to develop a nano-oral liposomal preparation containing biodegradable polymer (Starch) that enhance the drug prosperities. Methods: Nanoliposomes of ALDS were prepared using different concentrations of solubilized starch (0.1 - 0.5 g ) by thin film hydration method. A new method of alendronate quantitative determination was used to overcome the obstacle of its determination by using a new highly sensitive derivatization method. The selected formula was visualized using TEM, in vitro release studies and Stability study was also carried out. Furthermore, ulcerogenicity studies were performed to compare between the optimum prepared formula and a standard nonliposomal ALDS. Results: Six nano-oral liposomal formulations were prepared with zeta potentials ranging from -12 mV to -39 mV and a particle size ranging from 94 nm to 298 nm. The encapsulation efficiency studies demonstrated that the amount of ALDS entrapped within liposomes increased with increasing starch concentration. The stability studies confirmed the role of starch in increasing the stability of the prepared liposomes. In vitro release studies have demonstrated a relative delay in ALDS releases from the liposome core. Ulcerogenicity studies proofed that the prepared formula has a significant gastric tolerance. Conclusion: a novel liposomal formula of ALDS was developed with better tolerability. However, further clinical investigations are necessary to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness.Antecedentes: El alendronato sódico (ALDS) es el fármaco de elección para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Sin embargo, el 50% de los pacientes osteoporóticos cesaron el tratamiento en el primer año debido a su posible efecto secundario en el tracto gastrointestinal (GIT). Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo utilizar la nanotecnología para desarrollar una preparación liposomal nano-oral que contiene polímero biodegradable (almidón) que mejoran la prosperidad de la droga. Métodos: Se prepararon nanoliposomas de ALDS utilizando diferentes concentraciones de almidón solubilizado (0,1 - 0,5 g) mediante un método de hidratación de película delgada. Se utilizó un nuevo método de determinación cuantitativa de alendronato para superar el obstáculo de su determinación utilizando un nuevo método de derivatización altamente sensible. La fórmula seleccionada se visualizó utilizando TEM, estudios de liberación in vitro y se realizó también un estudio de estabilidad. Además, los estudios de ulcerogenicidad se realizaron para comparar entre la fórmula óptima preparada y un estándar no liposomal ALDS. Resultados : Se prepararon seis formulaciones liposomales nano-orales con potenciales zeta que oscilaban entre -12 mV y -39 mV y un tamaño de partícula que variaba de 94 nm a 298 nm. Los estudios de eficacia de la encapsulación demostraron que la cantidad de ALDS atrapada dentro de los liposomas aumentaba con el aumento de la concentración de almidón. Los estudios de estabilidad confirmaron el papel del almidón en el aumento de la estabilidad de los liposomas preparados. Los estudios de liberación in vitro han demostrado un retraso relativo en las liberaciones de ALDS del núcleo de liposomas. Los estudios de ulcerogenicidad demostraron que la fórmula preparada tiene una tolerancia gástrica significativa. Conclusión: se desarrolló una nueva fórmula liposomal de ALDS con mejor tolerabilidad. Sin embargo, otras investigaciones clínicas son necesarias para evaluar su efectividad terapéutica

Modulatory role of chelating agents in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats

AbstractIntroductionHypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Chelating agents may play a modulatory role in atherosclerosis by removal of calcium from atherosclerotic plaques.AimThe present study aimed to explore the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats using simvastatin as a reference standard.MethodsHypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding rats with cholesterol-rich diet for six weeks. Rats were divided into five groups (n=8): normal control, hypercholesterolemic control, simvastatin (20mg/kg; p.o.), CaNa2EDTA (100mg/kg; i.p.) and DMSA (100mg/kg; i.p.). Treatments continued daily for the six weeks of diet feeding.ResultsDiet-induced hypercholesterolemia resulted in alterations in the lipid profile markers and a state of oxidative stress coupled by compensatory increase in serum nitric oxide (NO) level and decreased aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity parallel to increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, aortic calcium content and aortic wall thickness. Treatment with simvastatin, CaNa2EDTA and DMSA improved lipid profile and oxidative stress markers. In addition, they attenuated hypercholesterolemia-induced changes in serum NO level, aortic eNOS and iNOS activities, calcium content and aortic wall thickness.ConclusionPretreatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with simvastatin, CaNa2EDTA or DMSA attenuated most of the changes induced by feeding rats with cholesterol-rich diet owing to their observed anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties

Evaluation of genetic diversity within different rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) genotypes utilizing start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers

This work aimed at studying the genetic diversity among different rabbit genotypes reared in Egypt by two different molecular markers (start codon targeted, SCoT, and inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR) to improve breeding strategies. Five different groups of rabbits were used Gabali (Gab), New Zealand white (NZW), Californian (Cal), Rex, and Papillon (Pap). DNA was extracted and analyzed using SCoT and ISSR-PCR, and the obtained fragments were analyzed. Six SCoT primers scored 60 bands with 78.33 % polymorphism; primer SCoT 6 was the most polymorphic marker with 92.31 % polymorphism, while SCoT 5 was the lowest with 60 %. A dendrogram based on SCoT-PCR revealed that the Rex breed was the most genetically different. Seven ISSR primers gained 56 bands in total with 49.762 % polymorphism. ISSR 4 was the most polymorphic primer that detected 75 % of polymorphism, while ISSR 6 was not able to detect any polymorphism. It was suggested that the SCoT markers may be more effective than ISSR for differentiating and identifying the genetic variations within investigated breeds. Also, the usage of molecular markers of SCoT and ISSR may be more proper for calculating genetic diversity and common ancestry among tested rabbit breeds. Furthermore, evaluating genetic variability is important for enhancing existing breeds' adaptation to ecological alterations and crucial for preservation or breeding purposes

Construction of a New Method for Easy Fitting Block Pattern uitable for Egyptian Women and Comparing it to the Borgo Method

Constructing a basic block pattern is an essential step that covers all body types, and therefore can be applied to any design and any type of clothing. This means, constructing a suitable basic block pattern increases the quality of the pieces of clothes. So, it calls for the technical side in the analysis of the design accurately and understand the type and construction of fabric used, and between the practical side in taking the body measurements accurately and add the appropriate ease amount of comfort for a good fitting for all sizes, and gives the appropriate effect in terms of fit, comfort, and drape. Therefore, the aim of the research focused on constructing an easy-fitting block pattern of the blouse to suit the body of the Egyptian woman. The results showed that the new suggested method is better than the method of Fernando Borgo (B) as such, the study recommended the importance of studying the easy fitting block and studying the pattern making as one of the main factors for the quality of the final product

Asymmetric Dimethylation of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 Regulates Its Cellular Localisation and Pro-Survival Function

Ribosomal S6 kinases (S6Ks) are critical regulators of cell growth, homeostasis, and survival, with dysregulation of these kinases found to be associated with various malignancies. While S6K1 has been extensively studied, S6K2 has been neglected despite its clear involvement in cancer progression. Protein arginine methylation is a widespread post-translational modification regulating many biological processes in mammalian cells. Here, we report that p54-S6K2 is asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-475 and Arg-477, two residues conserved amongst mammalian S6K2s and several AT-hook-containing proteins. We demonstrate that this methylation event results from the association of S6K2 with the methyltransferases PRMT1, PRMT3, and PRMT6 in vitro and in vivo and leads to nuclear the localisation of S6K2 that is essential to the pro-survival effects of this kinase to starvation-induced cell death. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel post-translational modification regulating the function of p54-S6K2 that may be particularly relevant to cancer progression where general Arg-methylation is often elevated

The Role of Business Intelligence adoption as a Mediator of Big Data Analytics in the Management of Outsourced Reverse Supply Chain Operations

The fluctuating and disorganized state of todays global markets is the result of several factors. COVID-19 is an illustration. Supply chain managers should re-evaluate their competitive strategy and leverage big data analytics in light of the rising volatility in demand and supply, rivalry among supply chain partners, and the requirement to deliver tailored goods and services (BDA). Supply chain firms require sophisticated BDA processes and procedures to provide useful insights from big data to better decision-making and supply chain operations, as many leaders in the sector have acknowledged the necessity for improving with data (SCO). This research gives theoretical justification for the influence that BDA has on SCO

Assessing the Moderating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship between Information Technology and Supply Chain Management: An Empirical Examination

This study examines how innovation (INN) influences the relationship between supply chain management and information technology in Jordan. 211 employees of Jordanian industrial enterprises who work in the Operations Department provided information for the study, which examines this subject. The findings indicate a close connection between information technology and supply chain management. Innovation also dramatically modifies the interaction between supply chain management and information technology. Management help may be the subject of future research

SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF NOVEL 1, 3-DIHETEROCYCLES INDOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: The present work aimed to synthesize some new 1, 3-diheterocyles indolyl derivatives and study their cytotoxic activity. In addition, explore the probability of the most promising antiproliferative compounds to inhibit TopoI enzyme theoretically via molecular docking study.Methods: Reaction of ethyl 2-(3-formyl-1H-indol-1-yl)acetate (1) with 2-cyanoacetic acid hydrazide, 3-amino-5-pyrazolone and 2'-acetyl-2-cyanoacetohydrazide in an equal molar ratio led to the formation of compounds 2, 6, 8 and 10, respectively, which in turn reacted with another molecule of 2-cyanoacetic acid hydrazide and/or 3-amino-5-pyrazolone (1:1 molar ratio) to give novel series of 1,3-dipyrazole indole derivatives 3, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. On the other hand, Knoevenagel condensation of 1 with malononitrile gave ethyl 2-(3-(2, 2-dicyanovinyl)-1H-indol-1-yl) acetate (11). Reaction of 11 with 2-cyanoacetic acid hydrazide, 3-amino-5-pyrazolone, hydrazine hydrate, urea, thiourea and/or guanidine yielded 1, 6-diaminopyridine 12, pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole 14, pyrazole 16 and pyrimidine derivatives 18a-c, respectively. Reaction of the latter compounds with 3-amino-5-pyrazolone furnished a novel series of 1, 3-diheterocycle indole derivatives 13, 15, 17 and 19a-c, respectively. Ten new target compounds 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17 and 19a-c were tested for in vitro antiproliferative activity against A-549, MCF7, HCT-116 and HEPG2 cancer cell lines. In addition, molecular docking study of the most promising antiproliferative compounds against human DNA Topoisomerase I (PDB ID: 1T8I) theoretically is discussed.Results: Compounds 3, 6, 8 and 17 showed potent in vitro antiproliferative activity. Docking scores of the latter compounds were observed better than co-crystalline ligand.Conclusion: Further work is recommended to confirm the inhibition of TopoI in a specific bioassay

AM-1241 CB2 Receptor Agonist Attenuates Inflammation, Apoptosis and Stimulate Progenitor Cells in Bile Duct Ligated Rats

BACKGROUND: The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) plays a pleiotropic role in the innate immunity and is considered a crucial mediator of liver disease. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation has been reported to attenuate liver fibrosis in CCl4 exposed mice and also plays a potential role in liver regeneration in a mouse model of I/R and protection against alcohol-induced liver injury. AIM: In this study, we investigated the impact of CB2 receptors on the antifibrotic and regenerative process associated with cholestatic liver injury. METHODS: Twenty-six rats had bile duct ligation co-treated with silymarin and AM1241 for 3 consecutive weeks. Serum hepatotoxicity markers were determined, and histopathological evaluation was performed. RESULTS: Following bile duct ligation (BDL) for 3 weeks, there was increased aminotransferase levels, marked inflammatory infiltration and hepatocyte apoptosis with induced oxidative stress, as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation. Conversely, following treatment with the CB2 agonist, AM-1241, BDL rats displayed a reduction in liver injury and attenuation of fibrosis as reflected by expression of hydroxyproline and α-smooth muscle actin. AM1241 treatment also significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation end-products, p53-dependent apoptosis and also attenuated inflammatory process by stimulating IL-10 production. Moreover, AM1241 treated rats were associated with significant expression of hepatic progenitor/oval cell markers. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study points out that CB2 receptors reduce liver injury and promote liver regeneration via distinct mechanisms including IL-10 dependent inhibition of inflammation, reduction of p53-reliant apoptosis and through stimulation of oval/progenitor cells. These results suggest that CB2 agonists display potent hepatoregenrative properties, in addition to their antifibrogenic effects