The effect of postpartum home care on maternal practices in infant care

Background & Aims: Mothers are the firstattentive for infants, any factor may have impact on mother health, will affect wellbeing of infantandconsequently community health. The aim of this research was to identify the effect of post partum home care on mothers' practices in infant care. Materials and methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial study was conducted at a health center in Tehran city in 2011. The sample study included 200 mothers who had attended to Akbar Abad health care center with the purpose of screening test for ..

The inhibitory effect of Artemisia annua extracts on gastric cancer cells via apoptosis induction

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: در بررسی های قبلی تاثیر ضد سرطانی گونه های مختلف آرتمیزیا گزارش شده است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تاثیر عصاره های مختلف آرتمیزیا آنوا (Artemisia annua) بر سلول های سرطان معده صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه بنیادی عصاره های متانلی، اتیل استاتی، دی کلرومتانی و هگزانی آرتمیزیا آنوا به روش عصاره گیری مرحله ای تهیه شدند. رده سلولی آدنوکارسینومای معده (AGS) و سلول های فیبروبلاستی طبیعی (L929) با غلظت های مختلف عصاره ها به مدت 24 ساعت انکوبه شده و میزان سمیت سلولی توسط تست ام تی تی (MTT) بررسی شد. نتایج بصورت درصد مهار رشد سلولی و غلظت مهاری 50 درصد (IC50) گزارش شد. بمنظور ارزیابی القای آپوپتوز و نکروز سلولی در سلول های سرطانی روش رنگ آمیزی با انکسین V و پروپیدیم آیوداین (PI) استفاده شد. از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه جهت تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از تست ام تی تی مهار قوی و وابسته به غلظت تکثیر سلول های سرطانی را توسط عصاره های مختلف آرتمیزیا آنوا نشان داد. عصاره متانلی بیشترین تاثیر مهاری (IC 50: برابر 500 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر) را داشت و بیش از سایرین سبب القای آپوپتوز اولیه شد. نتیجه گیری: عصاره های جدا شده از آرتمیزیا آنوا سبب کاهش قابل توجه رشد سلول های سرطانی معده عمدتاً با واسطه القای آپوپتوز اولیه شدند و همزمان سمیت کمتری بر سلول های طبیعی داشتند. بنابراین تخلیص ماده موثره موجود در این عصاره ها و نیز تعیین مکانیسم تاثیر آنها توصیه می شود

Comparison the Students’ Ability in Answering to Patient-Management Problem and Modified Essay Question Examination with Multiple-Choice Question Examination and its Association with Educational Promotion

Background & Objective: The present study aimed to compare the students’ ability in answering to patient management problem (PMP) and modified essay question (MEQ) examination with multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination and its association with educational promotion. Methods: This research carried out in two sections descriptive-analytic and qualitative on 76 nutrition students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who were selected by census. The first and second examinations were PMP-MEQ and MCQ, respectively. Educational promotion variables were grade point average (GPA) in 5 sequence semesters and GPA in current semester. The other variables were the grade in food toxicology course, the scores in PMP-MEQ, PMP and MEQ exams and MCQ exam. The second section was designed with the aim of comparing the overview of students in regard to PMP-MEQ and MCQ exams. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The association between educational promotion variables and mark of food toxicology course and MCQ exam were statistically significant (P < 0.001); however, there was not a statistically significant association between these variables and the other variables. Mean differences scores of MCQ and food toxicology course were significant (P < 0.001); however, scores of PMP-MEQ test and PMP and MEQ sections in two students groups based on categorized GPA were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Therefore, the students’ inability in answering to PMP and MEQ examination in comparing to the MCQ examination format was showed students’ incapability in evaluation of clinical competence even with regard to their high GPA and scientific knowledge. Keywords Patient management problem (PMP) Modified essay question (MEQ) Multiple-choice question (MCQ) Educational promotion Clinical competenc

A Certificate-Based Proxy Signature with Message Recovery without Bilinear Pairing

In this paper, we propose the first provable secure certificate-based proxy signature with message recovery without bilinear pairing. The notion of certificate-based cryptography was initially introduced by Gentry in 2003, in order to simplify certificate management in traditional public key cryptography(PKC)and to solve the key escrow problem in identity-based cryptosystems. To date, a number of certificate-based proxy signature(CBPS)schemes from bilinear pairing have been proposed. Nonetheless, the total computation cost of a pairing is higher than that of scalar multiplication(e.g., over elliptic curve group). Consequently, schemes without pairings would be more appealing in terms of efficiency. According to the available research in this regard, our scheme is the first provable secure CBPS scheme with message recovery which is based on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. We prove the security of the presented scheme against existential forgery under adaptive chosen message and ID attacks in the random oracle model. Moreover, the paper will also show how it would be possible to convert this scheme to the CBPS scheme without message recovery. This scheme has more applications in situations with limited bandwidth and power-constrained devices

A sustainable approach to the low-cost recycling of waste glass fibres composites towards circular economy

For practical applications, both environmental and economic aspects are highly required to consider in the development of recycling of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) encountering their end-of-life. Here, a sustainable, low cost, and efficient approach for the recycling of the glass fibre (GF) from GF reinforced epoxy polymer (GFRP) waste is introduced, based on a microwave-assisted chemical oxidation method. It was found that in a one-step process using microwave irradiation, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a green oxidiser and tartaric acid (TA) as a natural organic acid could be used to decompose the epoxy matrix of a waste GFRP up to 90% yield. The recycled GFs with ~92.7% tensile strength, ~99.0% Young\u27s modulus, and ~96.2% strain-to-failure retentions were obtained when compared to virgin GFs (VGFs). This short microwave irradiation time using these green and sustainable recycling solvents makes this a significantly low energy consumption approach for the recycling of end-of-life GFRPs

CD8+ T Cells as a Source of IFN-γ Production in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is usually a self-healing skin lesion caused by different species of Leishmania parasite. Resistance and susceptibility of mice to Leishmania major infection is associated with two types of CD4+ T lymphocytes development: Th1 type response with production of cytokine IFN-γ is associated with resistance, whereas Th2 type response with production of cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 is associated with susceptibility. A clear Th1/Th2 dichotomy similar to murine model is not defined in human leishmaniasis and we need as much information as possible to define marker(s) of protection. We purified CD4+/CD8+ T cells, stimulated them with Leishmania antigens and analysed gene and protein expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in volunteers with a history of self-healing CL who are presumed to be protected against further Leishmania infection. We have seen significant upregulation of IFN-γ gene expression and high IFN-γ production in the Leishmania stimulated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. We concluded that both antigen-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ Th1 cells and IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells contribute to the long term protection in individuals with a history of CL. This proves the importance of CD8+ T cells as a source of IFN-γ in Th1-like immune responses

The behavior of elements in the process of alteration of andesite - basalt to bentonite in Tashtab Mountain, Khur, northeastern Isfahan province

Tashtab Mountain is located 25 km from the city of Khur in northeastern Isfahan province. Several bentonite mines formed in this area as a result of the Eocene volcanic alteration. These mines are classified as the Khur bentonite horizon. Studies on trace elements in parent rock and clays show that the studied bentonites formed from andesite-basaltic parent rocks. The XRD analysis shows that studied clay minerals consist of Na-montmorillonite with a low amount of kaolinite. In addition, there are quartz, calcite and crystobalite. The alteration process leached most of major and trace elements. Most of removing in major elements happens in alkaline elements, and in trace elements LILEs show most of depletions. Al and Ti are immobile elements and show lower amount of changes. Cu is the metal that shows most depletion among other metal elements in contrast Ni, Cr and Zn shows a little enrichment also, the trend of REEs is similar to parent rock with a difference. HREEs are more depleted than LREEs. It may happen because of leaching of HREEs as complexes and absorbing of LREES into the clay minerals structure

A survey on technical efficiency, marketing and market structure of saffron crop, Iran

The current study attempted to determine technical efficiency as well as study the marketing and market structure of Saffarn crop in Iran. To access the research goals 140 farms, 25 retailers and 14 wholesalers randomly selected. The necessary data collected through interview and filling questionarie. Apart from this, some agricultural Expert from selected cities of Razavi province have been chosen to interview. To determine the market time-series data for the period of 1995-12 was used. To determine technical efficiency DEA method, to calculate marketing margins Digbi method and to find market structure concentration ratio and Herfindal index were used. The results indicated that, the average technical efficiency was 63.49 and minimum and maximum technical efficiency respectively 19.04 and 100, retailer margin mean of Saffron was more than wholesale margin mean and average marketing cost coefficient of Saffron was about 14.78. It means that, marketing factors share in final price is 14.78. Address to the results the Saffaran’s market structure is oligopoly