Waqf empowerment for the autonomy of Islamic boarding school (pesantren); study of modern Islamic boarding school (pondok) Tazakka Batang

Purpose – This study aims to study waqf instrument developed by modern Islamic boarding school (pondok) Tazakka, Batang.Method – This study is a qualitative field research, which utilizes observation, interview, and documentation. The character of this research is descriptive analysis.Result – Modern pondok of Tazakka uses at least six different waqf program as a financial source of their activities. These programmes are asset waqf, cash waqf, productive waqf, benefits waqf, profession waqf, and transfer of rights waqf. The programmes help the pondok to be more autonomous and able to provide various benefits for the scholars of the pondok and the people surround it. Implication – This research gives illustration of waqf management in an Islamic boarding school. By understanding the mechanism of the waqf management, hopefully Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia able to empower themselves better.Originality – A lot of Islamic boarding schools use waqf for his research is among the few researchs which taking a perspective of empowering religious social organization in Indonesia.  

Waqf empowerment for the autonomy of Islamic boarding school (pesantren); study of modern Islamic boarding school (pondok) Tazakka Batang

Purpose – This study aims to study waqf instrument developed by modern Islamic boarding school (pondok) Tazakka, Batang.Method – This study is a qualitative field research, which utilizes observation, interview, and documentation. The character of this research is descriptive analysis.Result – Modern pondok of Tazakka uses at least six different waqf program as a financial source of their activities. These programmes are asset waqf, cash waqf, productive waqf, benefits waqf, profession waqf, and transfer of rights waqf. The programmes help the pondok to be more autonomous and able to provide various benefits for the scholars of the pondok and the people surround it. Implication – This research gives illustration of waqf management in an Islamic boarding school. By understanding the mechanism of the waqf management, hopefully Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia able to empower themselves better.Originality – A lot of Islamic boarding schools use waqf for his research is among the few researchs which taking a perspective of empowering religious social organization in Indonesia.  

A demand model with departure time choice for within-day dynamic traffic assignment

A within-clay dynamic demand model is formulated, embodying, in addition to the classic generation, distribution and modal split stages, an actual demand model taking into account departure time choice. The work focuses on this last stage, represented through an extension of the discrete choice framework to a continuous choice set. The dynamic multimodal supply and equilibrium model based on implicit path enumeration, which have been developed in previous work are outlined here, to define within-day dynamic elastic demand stochastic multimodal equilibrium as a fixed point problem on users flows and transit line frequencies. A MSA algorithm capable, in the case of Logit route choice models, of supplying equilibrium flows and frequencies on real dimension networks, is presented, as well as the specific procedures implementing the departure time choice and actual demand models. Finally, the results obtained on a test network are presented and conclusions are drawn. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Correlated parameters in driving behavior models: car-following example and implications for traffic microsimulation

Behavioral parameters in car following and other models of driving behavior are expected to be correlated. An investigation is conducted into the effect of ignoring correlations in three parameters of car-following models on the resulting movement and properties of a simulated heterogeneous vehicle traffic stream. For each model specification, parameters are calibrated for the entire sample of individual drivers with Next Generation Simulation trajectory data. Factor analysis is performed to understand the pattern of relationships between parameters on the basis of calibrated data. Correlation coefficients have been used to show statistically significant correlation between the parameters. Simulation experiments are performed with vehicle parameter sets generated with and without considering such correlation. First, parameter values are sampled from the empirical mass functions, and simulated results show significant difference in output measures when parameter correlation is captured (versus ignored). Next, parameters are sampled under the assumption that they follow the multivariate normal distribution. Results suggest that the use of parametric distribution with known correlation structure may not sufficiently reduce the error due to ignoring correlation if the underlying assumption does not hold for both marginal and joint distributions

Dynamic origin-destination demand estimation using automatic vehicle identification data

Journal ArticleAbstract-This paper proposes a dynamic origin-destination (OD) estimation method to extract valuable point-to-point splitfraction information from automatic vehicle identification (AVI) counts without estimating market-penetration rates and identification rates of AVI tags. A nonlinear ordinary least-squares estimation model is presented to combine AVI counts, link counts, and historical demand information into a multiobjective optimization framework. A joint estimation formulation and a one-sided linear-penalty formulation are further developed to take into account possible identification and representativeness errors, and the resulting optimization problems are solved by using an iterative bilevel estimation procedure. Based on a synthetic data set, this study shows the effectiveness of the proposed estimation models under different market-penetration rates and identification rates

Likelihood and duration of flow breakdown: modeling the effect of weather

The effect of rain on freeway flow breakdown behavior is investigated. Three aspects of flow breakdown are analyzed for rain versus no rain (clear) weather conditions. First, the probability of breakdown occurrence is examined by analyzing the distribution of prebreakdown flow rates observed immediately before the onset of traffic breakdown by using a survival analysis approach. At all study sections, a reduction with prebreakdown flow rates is observed under rain conditions compared with distributions under no rain and confirms higher breakdown likelihoods at lower flows. Log likelihood ratio tests confirm the statistical significance of differences in the prebreakdown flow rate distribution parameters under rain compared with clear conditions. Second, breakdown duration is examined by estimating a semiparametric Cox proportional hazard model. With a rain event indicator set as an independent variable, the effect of rain on breakdown duration is observed. Rain during a breakdown episode is found to increase its duration, whereas rain before breakdown does not appear to affect duration. Finally, prebreakdown and postbreakdown flow rates are compared. Overall, while a reduction in prebreakdown flow rates is observed because of rain, the flow drop between prebreakdown and postbreakdown is not much different between rain (3.9% to 12.0%) and no rain (7.8% to 12.7%) conditions

Information and Communication Technologies(ICT), Activity Decisions,and Travel Choices: 20 years into the Second Millennium and where do we go next?

CENTENNIAL PAPERSStanding Committee on Effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Travel Choices (ADB20)Giovanni Circella, ChairInformation and Communication Technologies(ICT), Activity Decisions,and Travel Choices: 20 years into the Second Millennium and where do we go next?JACEKPAWLAK,Imperial College LondonGIOVANNICIRCELLA, University of California, Davis andGeorgia Institute of TechnologyHANIS.MAHMASSANI, Northwestern UniversityPATRICIAL.MOKHTARIAN, Georgia Institute of TechnologyABSTRACTInformation and Communication Technologies, or ICT,have rapidly emerged asan integral element of everyday life, interactingin an essential manner with mobility and the activity patterns that engender it. The current paper reflects uponthistrendandthe opportunities and challenges itrepresents.Givenmore than three decades of research in the domain of interactions between ICT, activity decisions and travel choices, we acknowledgethe elaborate, disruptiveand oftenunexpected waysalong which ICT interact with society.Tosupport the objective of theADB20 Committee, namely tosupportand promote theemerging research questions, we identifya number of technological, societal and behavioral trends related to ICT and mobility that are likelyto be major driving forces for activity-travel behavior considerations in the next 15 years. Those include democratization of technology; personalization; shared and commoditized mobility; automation;data as the new currency; next generation connectivity, including 5G; evolving social media and socialization; new forms of shopping; digital twins;activity fragmentation; andmultitasking.We also observe that inevitably, theincreasingly interlocking relationshipbetween ICT and mobility will bring challengesrelated to balancing efficiency vs. redundancy and resilience, ensuring transparency, susceptibility to malicious activitiesandtackling the digital divide. We argue that those should not be seen as barriers to realization of the ultimate benefits for society, providing that thetransportation research agenda maintains focus on the evolution of ICTand rigorously explores the related impacts on activity decisions, travel choices and, more broadly, on transportationsystems

Modeling Carrier Behavior in Sequential Auction Transportation Markets

Online markets for transportation services, in the form of Internet sites that dynamically match shipments (shippers? demand) and transportation capacity (carriers? offer) through auction mechanisms are changing the traditional structure of transportation markets. A general framework for the study of carriers? behavior in a sequential auction transportation marketplace is provided. The unique characteristics of these marketplaces and the sources of difficulty in analyzing the behavior of these marketplaces are discussed. Learning and behavior in a sequential Vickrey auction marketplace is analyzed and simulated. Some results and the overall behavioral framework are also discussed

Incorporation of Pressure Insoles into Inverse Dynamic Analysis

Estimation of body loads during industrial tasks, such as lifting and weight bearing, is central to workplace ergonomics and the study of the safety and risk factors in work techniques. Evaluating those loads requires data collection of body kinematics and the external forces prevailing during the task under evaluation. Current practice calls for kinematic data to be gathered using optical motion capture systems (OMC) and external forces, primarily ground reaction forces (GRFs), to be gathered using force plates. However, this experimental methodology is confined to laboratory settings. Modern motion capture systems, such as those based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), pave the way to more versatile motion analysis techniques not confined to labs. Inverse dynamics models have been developed based on IMU kinematic data. In order to eliminate the need for force plates and to make the experimental apparatus fully portable, those models estimate GRFs from measured accelerations. This study aimed to advance the state-of-the-art on IMU-based inverse dynamics analysis by incorporating pressure insoles as the source of the vertical components of the GRFs, with a view to improving the model fidelity while keeping the experimental apparatus portable. Specifically, it enabled the development of a synchronized and automated inverse dynamics model, comprised of an inertial motion capture suite and pressure insoles, that can estimate net joint forces and moments during manual handling activities. An experiment was designed to examine whether the GRFs measured by the pressure insole can detect and differentiate among various sizes (and weights) of concrete masonry units (CMUs). The instrumented pressure insoles were consistently able to identify three different CMU block weights (8 kg, 16kg, and 24 kg) during various gait patterns (along circular, square, and linear paths). On the other hand, the results were inconclusive in distinguishing between one-handed and two-handed manual handling of CMUs. An improved inverse dynamic model was introduced to calculate the joint loads workers experience during material manual handling based only on measurements by IMU motion capture suits and pressure insoles. The outcome of this thesis was the development of a weight detection algorithm with a detection accuracy of 89% across all three sizes of CMUS as well as an integrated inverse dynamic model incorporating data collected by IMUs motion suits and pressure insoles