Data Analytics in Abroad and Indian Education System-Using Data Mining Classification Techniques by R Language

Education System in recent years has been a progression, in Indian and Abroad Education system. In selecting the next education establishment by the scholars. The most key terms of selecting associate in nursing institute area unit pursue data, institute enfranchisement, institute ranking, freshman retention, graduation rates and strength of the college resources, location, feel of field life, placement records, analysis activities, course length, course outcome, educational offerings, activities and sports, price of the provision of economic aid and etc. This paper proposes to handle the coed quality in choosing an establishment to pursue educational activity in abroad/India supported the on top of mentioned key terms by having a deep analysis victimization data processing, classification and prediction model techniques victimization R language with Rattle Package

An Extensive Benchmark Experimental Evaluation of Methods for Multi Label Learning In R

A smart product is one that is able to immingle with masses. Sensible merchandise does not seem to be solely easy merchandise, however, with a touch of cleverness supplemental to permit the user some flexibility operative. Smart product adapts to the context of the user and does not force the user to adapt to that. Sensible merchandise have a group of properties that creates them distinctive area unit self informative, self organizing, extensible, self property, device capabilities, practicality, integrity, user services, property. The client’s ranking or priority whereas shopping for varied sensible merchandise area unit dynamical day by day as a result of advancements in technology and customer principally target the advanced options of the sensible merchandise they are shopping for. This paper principally shows, however, affectively sensible merchandise area unit utilized by the shoppers and area unit hierarchic based mostly upon their performance by exploitation R language and WEKA. By using R we can have a deep analysis over the various smart products and the user can be able to know the most widely purchased smart products according to their ranking. We can have deep analysis of smart products using data mining classification and prediction techniques such as J48, Random Forest machine learning algorithms in WEKA and R Language. R allows wide number of smart products data and analyzes with in limited resources. The WEKA and R language is opted to see the classification and prediction performances. Four measures (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F–measure) of performance here considered are based on confusion matrix/Error Matrix of R and WEKA, table of counts revealing the performance of each algorithm’s confusion regarding the true classifications and predictions. The observation of all the four performance measures used to analyze the smart products use

SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR EV CHARGING

With the conventional energy resources diminishing at a rapid rate, it has become extremely important that alternate sources of energy be found to drive vehicles. Electricity is one such option. But it has been observed that by making use of electricity a slight change in the vehicular hardware is required. As a result the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and the plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) have been developed. These vehicles have to be charged for their usage. It is observed that the electric power distribution grid is not currently prepared to effectively accommodate the increase in load caused by charging of the Electric Vehicle (EVs) batteries. Solving this issue involves infrastructure development such as establishment of smart grids and also application of a number of signal processing techniques. This paper introduces the main issues related with the operation of EVs in a smart grid infrastructure and the different signal processing techniques can be applied in this context

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Recent advances in chemotherapy for head and neck cancers

Systemic chemotherapy is increasingly being used with radiotherapy for the radical treatment of advanced head and neck cancers. Chemotherapy offers modest benefits in the metastatic setting. Platinum containing agents are the most active drugs and form the mainstay of most chemotherapy schedules. In recent years taxanes have shown activity in head and neck cancers and are being -incorporated into neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemotherapy regimens. Targeted agents and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, like cetuximab, in particular, have shown benefit in the metastatic and the concomitant setting. EGFR inhibitors and other targeted agents form the thrust of pre-clinical and clinical research into the systemic treatment of head and neck cancers

Free Fatty Acid Effects on the Atrial Myocardium: Membrane Ionic Currents Are Remodeled by the Disruption of T-Tubular Architecture

<div><p>Background</p><p>Epicardial adiposity and plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and obesity, with potentially detrimental effects on myocardial function. As major components of epicardial fat, FFAs may be abnormally regulated, with a potential to detrimentally modulate electro-mechanical function. The cellular mechanisms underlying such effects of FFAs are unknown.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To determine the mechanisms underlying electrophysiological effects of palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) FFAs on sheep atrial myocytes.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used electrophysiological techniques, numerical simulations, biochemistry and optical imaging to examine the effects of acutely (≤ 15 min), short-term (4–6 hour) or 24-hour application of individual FFAs (10 μM) on isolated ovine left atrial myocytes (LAMs).</p><p>Results</p><p>Acute and short-term incubation in FFAs resulted in no differences in passive or active properties of isolated left atrial myocytes (LAMs). 24-hour application had differential effects depending on the FFA. PA did not affect cellular passive properties but shortened (p<0.05) action potential duration at 30% repolarization (APD₃₀). APD₅₀ and APD₈₀ were unchanged. SA had no effect on resting membrane potential but reduced membrane capacitance by 15% (p<0.05), and abbreviated APD at all values measured (p≤0.001). OA did not significantly affect passive or active properties of LAMs. Measurement of the major voltage-gated ion channels in SA treated LAMs showed a ~60% reduction (p<0.01) of the L-type calcium current (I_Ca-L) and ~30% reduction (p<0.05) in the transient outward potassium current (I_TO). A human atrial cell model recapitulated SA effects on APD. Optical imaging showed that SA incubated for 24 hours altered t-tubular structure in isolated cells (p<0.0001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>SA disrupts t-tubular architecture and remodels properties of membrane ionic currents in sheep atrial myocytes, with potential implications in arrhythmogenesis.</p></div

Upregulation of retinal dehydrogenase 2 in alternatively activated macrophages during retinoid-dependent type-2 immunity to helminth infection in mice.

Although the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in immune function, RA synthesis during infection is poorly understood. Here, we show that retinal dehydrogenases (Raldh), required for the synthesis of RA, are induced during a retinoid-dependent type-2 immune response elicited by Schistosoma mansoni infection, but not during a retinoid-independent anti-viral immune response. Vitamin A deficient mice have a selective defect in T(H)2 responses to S. mansoni, but retained normal LCMV specific T(H)1 responses. A combination of in situ imaging, intra-vital imaging, and sort purification revealed that alternatively activated macrophages (AAMφ) express high levels of Raldh2 during S. mansoni infection. IL-4 induces Raldh2 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro and peritoneal macrophages in vivo. Finally, in vivo derived AAMφ have an enhanced capacity to induce Foxp3 expression in CD4+ cells through an RA dependent mechanism, especially in combination with TGF-β. The regulation of Raldh enzymes during infection is pathogen specific and reflects differential requirements for RA during effector responses. Specifically, AAMφ are an inducible source of RA synthesis during helminth infections and T(H)2 responses that may be important in regulating immune responses

Cav1.2 Localization and whole cell protein content is not affected by stearic acid.

<p>Transmitted light image of an atrial myocyte (top), Cav1.2 protein staining (green), α-actinin staining (red) and a merged image of Cav1.2, α-actinin and DAPI staining (bottom) under control (CTL; Panel A) and following incubation in stearic acid (SA; Panel B). Inset: 20 μm section of the merged image and corresponding intensity profile of Cav1.2 and α-actinin. Scale bars 20 μm. Panel C: Quantification of the intensity profiles shows SA did not alter the mean distance between intensity peaks for Cav1.2 (left) or α-actinin (right; n = 12, 12). Panel D: (left) Western blot for Cav1.2, with GAPDH as a control. Pane D: (right) normalized densitometry plot of Cav1.2 protein levels in CTL and SA treated cell lysates (n = 3).</p